7. Sattamavaggo

Passati passoti āyasmato vappattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ‘‘asuko ca asuko ca thero satthu paṭhamaṃ dhammapaṭiggāhakā ahesu’’nti thomanaṃ sutvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi – ‘‘ahampi bhagavā anāgate tādisassa sammāsambuddhassa paṭhamaṃ dhammapaṭiggāhakānaṃ aññataro bhaveyya’’nti, satthu santike saraṇagamanañca pavedesi. So yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devamanussesuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ vāseṭṭhassa nāma brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, vappotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So asitena isinā ‘‘siddhatthakumāro sabbaññū bhavissatī’’ti byākato koṇḍaññappamukhehi brāhmaṇaputtehi saddhiṃ gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā ‘‘tasmiṃ sabbaññutaṃ patte tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā amataṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti uruvelāyaṃ viharantaṃ mahāsattaṃ chabbassāni padhānaṃ padahantaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā oḷārikāhāraparibhogena nibbijjitvā isipatanaṃ gato. Abhisambujjhitvā satthārā sattasattāhāni vītināmetvā isipatanaṃ gantvā dhammacakke pavattite pāṭipadadivase sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhito pañcamiyaṃ pakkhassa aññāsikoṇḍaññādīhi saddhiṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.20-30) –

‘‘Ubhinnaṃ devarājūnaṃ, saṅgāmo samupaṭṭhito;

Ahosi samupabyūḷho, mahāghoso avattatha.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, saṃvejesi mahājanaṃ.

‘‘Sabbe devā attamanā, nikkhittakavacāvudhā;

Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, ekaggāsiṃsu tāvade.

‘‘Mayhaṃ saṅkappamaññāya, vācāsabhimudīrayi;

Anukampako lokavidū, nibbāpesi mahājanaṃ.

‘‘Paduṭṭhacitto manujo, ekapāṇaṃ viheṭhayaṃ;

Tena cittappadosena, apāyaṃ upapajjati.

‘‘Saṅgāmasīse nāgova, bahū pāṇe viheṭhayaṃ;

Nibbāpetha sakaṃ cittaṃ, mā haññittho punappunaṃ.

‘‘Dvinnampi yakkharājūnaṃ, senā sā vimhitā ahu;

Saraṇañca upāgacchuṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ sutādinaṃ.

‘‘Saññāpetvāna janataṃ, padamuddhari cakkhumā;

Pekkhamānova devehi, pakkāmi uttarāmukho.

‘‘Paṭhamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchiṃ, dvipadindassa tādino;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Mahādundubhināmā ca, soḷasāsuṃ rathesabhā;

Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, rājāno cakkavattino.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attanā paṭiladdhasampattiṃ paccavekkhaṇamukhena satthu guṇamahantataṃ paccavekkhitvā ‘‘īdisaṃ nāma satthāraṃ bāhulikādivādena samudācarimha. Aho puthujjanabhāvo nāma andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo ariyabhāvoyeva cakkhukaraṇo’’ti dassento ‘‘passati passo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

61.Tattha passati passoti passati sammādiṭṭhiyā dhamme aviparītaṃ jānāti bujjhatīti passo, dassanasampanno ariyo, so passantaṃ aviparītadassāviṃ ‘‘ayaṃ aviparītadassāvī’’ti passati paññācakkhunā dhammādhammaṃ yathāsabhāvato jānāti. Na kevalaṃ passantameva, atha kho apassantañca passati, yo paññācakkhuvirahito dhamme yathāsabhāvato na passati, tampi apassantaṃ puthujjanaṃ ‘‘andho vatāyaṃ bhavaṃ acakkhuko’’ti attano paññācakkhunā passati. Apassanto apassantaṃ, passantañca na passatīti apassanto paññācakkhurahito andhabālo tādisaṃ andhabālaṃ ayaṃ dhammādhammaṃ yathāsabhāvato na passatīti yathā apassantaṃ na passati na jānāti, evaṃ attano paññācakkhunā dhammādhammaṃ yathāsabhāvato passantañca paṇḍitaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ evaṃvidho’’ti na passati na jānāti, tasmā ahampi pubbe dassanarahito sakalaṃ ñeyyaṃ hatthāmalakaṃ viya passantaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantampi pūraṇādiṃ yathāsabhāvato na passiṃ, idāni pana buddhānubhāvena sampanno ubhayepi yathāsabhāvato passāmīti sevitabbāsevitabbesu attano aviparītapaṭipattiṃ dasseti.

Ekakā mayaṃ araññeti āyasmato vajjiputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso nāgapupphakesarehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde amaccakule nibbatti, vajjiputtotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So bhagavato vesāligamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vesāliyā avidūre aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe viharati. Tena ca samayena vesāliyaṃ ussavo ahosi. Tattha tattha naccagītavāditaṃ pavattati, mahājano haṭṭhatuṭṭho ussavasampattiṃ paccanubhoti, taṃ sutvā so bhikkhu ayoniso ummujjanto vivekaṃ vajjamāno kammaṭṭhānaṃ vissajjetvā attano anabhiratiṃ pakāsento –

‘‘Ekakā mayaṃ araññe viharāma, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;

Etādisikāya rattiyā, ko su nāma amhehi pāpiyo’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Taṃ sutvā vanasaṇḍe adhivatthā devatā taṃ bhikkhuṃ anukampamānā ‘‘yadipi, tvaṃ bhikkhu, araññavāsaṃ hīḷento vadasi, vivekakāmā pana viddasuno taṃ bahu maññantiyevā’’ti imamatthaṃ dassentī –

‘‘Ekako tvaṃ araññe viharasi, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;

Tassa te bahukā pihayanti, nerayikā viya saggagāmina’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ vatvā, ‘‘kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, bhikkhu, niyyānike sammāsambuddhassa sāsane pabbajitvā aniyyānikaṃ vitakkaṃ vitakkessasī’’ti santajjentī saṃvejesi. Evaṃ so bhikkhu tāya devatāya saṃvejito kasābhihato viya bhadro assājānīyo vipassanāvīthiṃ otaritvā nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.11.62-66) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, sataraṃsiṃva bhāṇumaṃ;

Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, uḷurājaṃva pūritaṃ.

‘‘Purakkhataṃ sāvakehi, sāgareheva medaniṃ;

Nāgaṃ paggayha reṇūhi, vipassissābhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ reṇumabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Paṇṇatālīsito kappe, reṇu nāmāsi khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘ayaṃ me arahattappattiyā aṅkuso jāto’’ti attano devatāya ca vuttanayaṃ saṃkaḍḍhitvā –

‘‘Ekakā mayaṃ araññe viharāma, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;

Tassa me bahukā pihayanti, nerayikā viya saggagāmina’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tassattho – anapekkhabhāvena vane chaḍḍitadārukkhaṇḍaṃ viya yadipi mayaṃ ekakā ekākino asahāyā imasmiṃ araññe viharāma, evaṃ viharato pana tassa me bahukā pihayanti maṃ bahū atthakāmarūpā kulaputtā abhipatthenti, ‘‘aho vatassa mayampi vajjiputtatthero viya gharabandhanaṃ pahāya araññe vihareyyāmā’’ti. Yathā kiṃ? Nerayikā viya saggagāminaṃ, yathā nāma nerayikā attano pāpakammena niraye nibbattasattā saggagāmīnaṃ saggūpagāmīnaṃ pihayanti – ‘‘aho vata mayampi nirayadukkhaṃ pahāya saggasukhaṃ paccanubhaveyyāmā’’ti evaṃsampadamidanti attho. Ettha ca attani garubahuvacanappayogassa icchitabbattā ‘‘ekakā mayaṃ viharāmā’’ti puna tassa atthassa ekattaṃ sandhāya ‘‘tassa me’’ti ekavacanappayogo kato. ‘‘Tassa me’’, ‘‘saggagāmina’’nti ca ubhayampi ‘pihayantī’ti padaṃ apekkhitvā upayogatthe sampadānaniddeso daṭṭhabbo. Taṃ abhipatthentīti ca tādise araññavāsādiguṇe abhipatthentā nāma hontīti katvā vuttaṃ. Tassa meti vā tassa mama santike guṇeti adhippāyo.

Cutā patantīti āyasmato pakkhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito ekanavute kappe yakkhasenāpati hutvā vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso dibbavatthena pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sakkesu devadahanigame sākiyarājakule nibbatti, ‘‘sammodakumāro’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Athassa daharakāle vātarogena pādā na vahiṃsu. So katipayaṃ kālaṃ pīṭhasappī viya vicari. Tenassa pakkhoti samaññā jātā. Pacchā arogakālepi tatheva naṃ sañjānanti, so bhagavato ñātisamāgame pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharati. Athekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisituṃ gacchanto antarāmagge aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. Tasmiñca samaye aññataro kulalo maṃsapesiṃ ādāya ākāsena gacchati, taṃ bahū kulalā anupatitvā pātesuṃ. Pātitaṃ maṃsapesiṃ eko kulalo aggahesi. Taṃ añño acchinditvā gaṇhi, taṃ disvā thero ‘‘yathāyaṃ maṃsapesi, evaṃ kāmā nāma bahusādhāraṇā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā’’ti – kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ paccavekkhitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ‘‘anicca’’ntiādinā manasikaronto piṇḍāya caritvā katabhattakicco divāṭṭhāne nisīditvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.1-10) –

‘‘Vipassī nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Aṭṭhasaṭṭhisahassehi, pāvisi bandhumaṃ tadā.

‘‘Nagarā abhinikkhamma, agamaṃ dīpacetiyaṃ;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ.

‘‘Cullāsītisahassāni, yakkhā mayhaṃ upantike;

Upaṭṭhahanti sakkaccaṃ, indaṃva tidasā gaṇā.

‘‘Bhavanā abhinikkhamma, dussaṃ paggayhahaṃ tadā;

Sirasā abhivādesiṃ, tañcādāsiṃ mahesino.

‘‘Aho buddho aho dhammo, aho no satthu sampadā;

Buddhassa ānubhāvena, vasudhāyaṃ pakampatha.

‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Buddhe cittaṃ pasādemi, dvipadindamhi tādine.

‘‘Sohaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, dussaṃ datvāna satthuno;

Saraṇañca upāgacchiṃ, sāmacco saparijjano.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito pannarase kappe, soḷasāsuṃ suvāhanā;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā yadeva saṃvegavatthuṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā aññā adhigatā, tassa saṃkittanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘cutā patantī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

63.Tattha cutāti bhaṭṭhā. Patantīti anupatanti. Patitāti cavanavasena bhūmiyaṃ patitā, ākāse vā sampatanavasena patitā. Giddhāti gedhaṃ āpannā. Punarāgatāti punadeva upagatā. Ca-saddo sabbattha yojetabbo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – patanti anupatanti ca idha kulalā, itarassa mukhato cutā ca maṃsapesi, cutā pana sā bhūmiyaṃ patitā ca, giddhā gedhaṃ āpannā sabbeva kulalā punarāgatā. Yathā cime kulalā, evaṃ saṃsāre paribbhamantā sattā ye kusaladhammato cutā, te patanti nirayādīsu, evaṃ patitā ca, sampattibhave ṭhitā tattha kāmasukhānuyogavasena kāmabhave rūpārūpabhavesu ca bhavanikantivasena giddhā ca punarāgatā bhavato aparimuttattā tena tena bhavagāminā kammena taṃ taṃ bhavasaññitaṃ dukkhaṃ āgatā eva, evaṃbhūtā ime sattā. Mayā pana kataṃ kiccaṃ pariññādibhedaṃ soḷasavidhampi kiccaṃ kataṃ, na dāni taṃ kātabbaṃ atthi. Rataṃ rammaṃ ramitabbaṃ ariyehi sabbasaṅkhatavinissaṭaṃ nibbānaṃ rataṃ abhirataṃ rammaṃ. Tena ca sukhenanvāgataṃ sukhaṃ phalasamāpattisukhena anuāgataṃ upagataṃ accantasukhaṃ nibbānaṃ, sukhena vā sukhāpaṭipadābhūtena vipassanāsukhena maggasukhena ca anvāgataṃ phalasukhaṃ nibbānasukhañcāti attho veditabbo.

Dumavhayāya uppannoti vimalakoṇḍaññattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ mahatiyā parisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā pasannamānaso catūhi suvaṇṇapupphehi pūjesi. Bhagavā tassa pasādasaṃvaḍḍhanatthaṃ tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāresi, yathā suvaṇṇābhā sakalaṃ taṃ padesaṃ ottharati. Taṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso hutvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā taṃ nimittaṃ gahetvā attano gehaṃ gantvā buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ avijahanto kenaci rogena kālaṃ katvā tusitesu upapanno aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājānaṃ bimbisāraṃ paṭicca ambapāliyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Rājā hi bimbisāro taruṇakāle ambapāliyā rūpasampattiṃ sutvā sañjātābhilāso katipayamanussaparivāro aññātakavesena vesāliṃ gantvā ekarattiṃ tāya saṃvāsaṃ kappesi. Tadā ayaṃ tassā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi. Sā ca gabbhassa patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ tassa ārocesi. Rājāpi attānaṃ jānāpetvā dātabbayuttakaṃ datvā pakkāmi. Sā gabbhassa paripākamanvāya puttaṃ vijāyi, ‘‘vimalo’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi, pacchā vimalakoṇḍaññoti paññāyittha. So vayappatto bhagavato vesāligamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.40-48) –

‘‘Vipassī nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Nisinno janakāyassa, desesi amataṃ padaṃ.

‘‘Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, dvipadinnassa tādino;

Soṇṇapupphāni cattāri, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Suvaṇṇacchadanaṃ āsi, yāvatā parisā tadā;

Buddhābhā ca suvaṇṇābhā, āloko vipulo ahu.

‘‘Udaggacitto sumano, vedajāto katañjalī;

Vittisañjanano tesaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho.

‘‘Āyācitvāna sambuddhaṃ, vanditvāna ca subbataṃ;

Pāmojjaṃ janayitvāna, sakaṃ bhavanupāgamiṃ.

‘‘Bhavane upaviṭṭhohaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ anussariṃ;

Tena cittappasādena, tusitaṃ upapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, nemisammatanāmakā;

Tetālīse ito kappe, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘dumavhayāyā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

64.Tattha dumavhayāyāti dumena ambena avhātabbāya, ambapāliyāti attho. Ādhāre cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Uppannoti tassā kucchiyaṃ uppanno uppajjamāno ca. Jāto paṇḍaraketunāti dhavalavatthadhajattā ‘‘paṇḍaraketū’’ti paññātena bimbisāraraññā hetubhūtena jāto, taṃ paṭicca nibbattoti attho. Uppannoti vā paṭhamābhinibbattidassanaṃ. Tato hi jātoti abhijātidassanaṃ. Vijāyanakālato paṭṭhāya hi loke jātavohāro. Ettha ca ‘‘dumavhayāya uppanno’’ti iminā attukkaṃsanabhāvaṃ apaneti, anekapatiputtānampi visesādhigamasambhavañca dīpeti. ‘‘Jāto paṇḍaraketunā’’ti iminā viññātapitikadassanena paravambhanaṃ apaneti. Ketuhāti mānappahāyī. Māno hi uṇṇatilakkhaṇattā ketu viyāti ketu. Tathā hi so ‘‘ketukamyatāpaccupaṭṭhāno’’ti vuccati. Ketunāyevāti paññāya eva. Paññā hi anavajjadhammesu accuggataṭṭhena mārasenappamaddanena pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena ca ariyānaṃ dhajā nāma. Tenāha ‘‘dhammo hi isinaṃ dhajo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.241; a. ni. 4.48; jā. 2.21.494). Mahāketuṃ padhaṃsayīti mahāvisayatāya mahantā, seyyamānajātimānādibhedato bahavo ca mānappakārā, itare ca kilesadhammā samussitaṭṭhena ketu etassāti mahāketu māro pāpimā. Taṃ balavidhamanavisayātikkamanavasena abhibhavi nibbisevanaṃ akāsīti. ‘‘Mahāketuṃ padhaṃsayī’’ti attānaṃ paraṃ viya dassento aññāpadesena arahattaṃ byākāsi.

Ukkhepakatavacchassāti āyasmato ukkhepakatavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthāraṃ uddissa māḷaṃ karontassa pūgassa ekatthambhaṃ alabhantassa thambhaṃ datvā sahāyakiccaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, vacchotissa gottato āgatanāmaṃ. So satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kosalaraṭṭhe gāmakāvāse vasanto āgatāgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti. ‘‘Ayaṃ vinayo idaṃ suttantaṃ ayaṃ abhidhammo’’ti pana paricchedaṃ na jānāti. Athekadivasaṃ āyasmantaṃ dhammasenāpatiṃ pucchitvā yathāparicchedaṃ sabbaṃ sallakkhesi. Dhammasaṅgītiyā pubbepi piṭakādisamaññā pariyattisaddhamme vavatthitā eva, yato bhikkhūnaṃ vinayadharādivohāro. So tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhanto paripucchanto tattha vutte rūpārūpadhamme sallakkhetvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā sammasanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.2.13-26) –

‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato, mahāpūgagaṇo ahu;

Saraṇaṃ gatā ca te buddhaṃ, saddahanti tathāgataṃ.

‘‘Sabbe saṅgamma mantetvā, māḷaṃ kubbanti satthuno;

Ekatthambhaṃ alabhantā, vicinanti brahāvane.

‘‘Tehaṃ araññe disvāna, upagamma gaṇaṃ tadā;

Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, paṭipucchiṃ gaṇaṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Te me puṭṭhā viyākaṃsu, sīlavanto upāsakā;

Māḷaṃ mayaṃ kattukāmā, ekatthambho na labbhati.

‘‘Ekatthambhaṃ mamaṃ detha, ahaṃ dassāmi satthuno;

Āharissāmahaṃ thambhaṃ, appossukkā bhavantu te.

‘‘Te me thambhaṃ pavecchiṃsu, pasannā tuṭṭhamānasā;

Tato paṭinivattitvā, agamaṃsu sakaṃ gharaṃ.

‘‘Aciraṃ gate pūgagaṇe, thambhaṃ ahāsahaṃ tadā;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, paṭhamaṃ ussapesahaṃ.

‘‘Tena cittappasādena, vimānaṃ upapajjahaṃ;

Ubbiddhaṃ bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ.

‘‘Vajjamānāsu bherīsu, paricāremahaṃ sadā;

Pañcapaññāsakappamhi, rājā āsiṃ yasodharo.

‘‘Tatthāpi bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ;

Kūṭāgāravarūpetaṃ, ekatthambhaṃ manoramaṃ.

‘‘Ekavīsatikappamhi, udeno nāma khattiyo;

Tatrāpi bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;

Anubhomi sukhaṃ sabbaṃ, ekatthambhassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ thambhamadadaṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ekatthambhassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā katakiccattā akilāsubhāve ṭhito attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ anukampaṃ upādāya tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ vīmaṃsitvā dhammaṃ desesi. Desento ca ekadivasaṃ attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā dassento –

‘‘Ukkhepakatavacchassa, saṅkalitaṃ bahūhi vassehi;

Taṃ bhāsati gahaṭṭhānaṃ, sunisinno uḷārapāmojjo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha ukkhepakatavacchassāti kataukkhepavacchassa, bhikkhuno santike visuṃ visuṃ uggahitaṃ vinayapadesaṃ suttapadesaṃ abhidhammapadesañca yathāparicchedaṃ vinayasuttābhidhammānaṃyeva upari khipitvā sajjhāyanavasena tattha tattheva pakkhipitvā ṭhitavacchenāti attho karaṇatthe hi idaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. Saṅkalitaṃ bahūhi vassehīti bahukehi saṃvaccharehi sampiṇḍanavasena hadaye ṭhapitaṃ. ‘‘Saṅkhalita’’ntipi pāṭho, saṅkhalitaṃ viya kataṃ ekābaddhavasena vācuggataṃ kataṃ. Yaṃ buddhavacananti vacanaseso. Tanti taṃ pariyattidhammaṃ bhāsati katheti. Gahaṭṭhānanti tesaṃ yebhuyyatāya vuttaṃ. Sunisinnoti tasmiṃ dhamme sammā niccalo nisinno, lābhasakkārādiṃ apaccāsīsanto kevalaṃ vimuttāyatanasīseyeva ṭhatvā kathetīti attho. Tenāha ‘‘uḷārapāmojjo’’ti phalasamāpattisukhavasena dhammadesanāvaseneva ca uppannauḷārapāmojjoti. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Yathā yathāvuso bhikkhu, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojja’’ntiādi (dī. ni. 3.355).

Anusāsi mahāvīroti āyasmato meghiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave kusalabījāni ropento ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pāpuṇi. Tasmiñca samaye vipassī bhagavā buddhakiccassa pariyosānamāgamma āyusaṅkhāraṃ ossajji. Tena pathavīkampādīsu uppannesu mahājano bhītatasito ahosi. Atha naṃ vessavaṇo mahārājā tamatthaṃ vibhāvetvā samassāsesi. Taṃ sutvā mahājano saṃvegappatto ahosi. Tatthāyaṃ kulaputto buddhānubhāvaṃ sutvā satthari sañjātagāravabahumāno uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sākiyarājakule nibbatti, tassa meghiyoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto satthu santike pabbajitvā bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahanto bhagavati jālikāyaṃ viharante kimikālāya nadiyā tīre ramaṇīyaṃ ambavanaṃ disvā tattha viharitukāmo dve vāre bhagavatā vāretvā tatiyavāraṃ vissajjito tattha gantvā micchāvitakkamakkhikāhi khajjamāno cittasamādhiṃ alabhitvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Athassa bhagavā ‘‘aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā pañca dhammā paripākāya saṃvattantī’’tiādinā (udā. 31) ovādaṃ adāsi. So tasmiṃ ovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.57-65) –

‘‘Yadā vipassī lokaggo, āyusaṅkhāramossaji;

Pathavī sampakampittha, medanī jalamekhalā.

‘‘Otataṃ vitataṃ mayhaṃ, suvicittavaṭaṃsakaṃ;

Bhavanampi pakampittha, buddhassa āyusaṅkhaye.

‘‘Tāso mayhaṃ samuppanno, bhavane sampakampite;

Uppādo nu kimatthāya, āloko vipulo ahu.

‘‘Vessavaṇo idhāgamma, nibbāpesi mahājanaṃ;

Pāṇabhūte bhayaṃ natthi, ekaggā hotha saṃvutā.

‘‘Aho buddho aho dhammo, aho no satthu sampadā;

Yasmiṃ uppajjamānamhi, pathavī sampakampati.

‘‘Buddhānubhāvaṃ kittetvā, kappaṃ saggamhi modahaṃ;

Avasesesu kappesu, kusalaṃ caritaṃ mayā.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito cuddasakappamhi, rājā āsiṃ patāpavā;

Samito nāma nāmena, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu sammukhā ovādaṃ labhitvā ‘‘mayā arahattaṃ adhigata’’nti aññaṃ byākaronto –

‘‘Anusāsi mahāvīro, sabbadhammāna pāragū;

Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, vihāsiṃ santike sato;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha anusāsīti ‘‘aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā pañca dhammā paripākāya saṃvattantī’’tiādinā ovadi anusiṭṭhiṃ adāsi. Mahāvīroti mahāvikkanto, vīriyapāramipāripūriyā caturaṅgasamannāgatavīriyādhiṭṭhānena anaññasādhāraṇacatubbidhasammappadhānasampattiyā ca mahāvīriyoti attho. Sabbadhammāna pāragūti sabbesañca ñeyyadhammānaṃ pāraṃ pariyantaṃ ñāṇagamanena gato adhigatoti sabbadhammāna pāragū, sabbaññūti attho. Sabbesaṃ vā saṅkhatadhammānaṃ pārabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ sayambhūñāṇena gato adhigatoti sabbadhammāna pāragū. Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvānāti tassa buddhassa bhagavato sāmukkaṃsikaṃ taṃ catusaccadhammaṃ suṇitvā. Vihāsiṃ santiketi ambavane micchāvitakkehi upadduto cālikā vihāraṃ gantvā satthu samīpeyeva vihāsiṃ. Satoti satimā, samathavipassanābhāvanāya appamattoti attho. Ahanti idaṃ yathā ‘‘anusāsī’’ti ettha ‘‘ma’’nti evaṃ ‘‘vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti ettha ‘‘mayā’’ti pariṇāmetabbaṃ. ‘‘Kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti ca iminā yathāvuttaṃ vijjāttayānuppattimeva satthu ovādapaṭikaraṇabhāvadassanena pariyāyantarena pakāseti. Sīlakkhandhādiparipūraṇameva hi satthu sāsanakāritā.

Kilesā jhāpitā mayhanti āyasmato ekadhammasavanīyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle rukkhadevatā hutvā nibbatto katipaye bhikkhū maggamūḷhe mahāraññe vicarante disvā anukampamāno attano bhavanato otaritvā te samassāsetvā bhojetvā yathādhippetaṭṭhānaṃ pāpesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassape bhagavati loke uppajjitvā katabuddhakicce parinibbute tasmiṃ kāle bārāṇasirājā kikī nāma ahosi. Tasmiṃ kālaṅkate tassa puthuvindarājā nāma putto āsi. Tassa putto susāmo nāma. Tassa putto kikībrahmadatto nāma hutvā rajjaṃ kārento sāsane antarahite dhammassavanaṃ alabhanto, ‘‘yo dhammaṃ deseti, tassa sahassaṃ dammī’’ti ghosāpetvā ekampi dhammakathikaṃ alabhanto, ‘‘mayhaṃ pitupitāmahādīnaṃ kāle dhammo saṃvattati, dhammakathikā sulabhā ahesuṃ. Idāni pana catuppadikagāthāmattampi kathento dullabho. Yāva dhammasaññā na vinassati, tāvadeva pabbajissāmī’’ti rajjaṃ pahāya himavantaṃ uddissa gacchantaṃ sakko devarājā āgantvā, ‘‘aniccā vata saṅkhārā’’ti gāthāya dhammaṃ kathetvā nivattesi. So nivattitvā bahuṃ puññaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde setabyanagare seṭṭhikule nibbattitvā vayappatto bhagavati setabyanagare siṃsapāvane viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tassa satthā ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā, ‘‘aniccā vata saṅkhārā’’ti imāya gāthāya dhammaṃ desesi. Tassa tattha katādhikāratāya so aniccasaññāya pākaṭataraṃ hutvā upaṭṭhitāya paṭiladdhasaṃvego pabbajitvā dhammasammasanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā dukkhasaññaṃ anattasaññañca manasikaronto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.66-71) –

‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa, sāvakā vanacārino;

Vippanaṭṭhā brahāraññe, andhāva anusuyyare.

‘‘Anussaritvā sambuddhaṃ, padumuttaranāyakaṃ;

Tassa te munino puttā, vippanaṭṭhā mahāvane.

‘‘Bhavanā oruhitvāna, agamiṃ bhikkhusantikaṃ;

Tesaṃ maggañca ācikkhiṃ, bhojanañca adāsahaṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;

Jātiyā sattavassohaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Sacakkhū nāma nāmena, dvādasa cakkavattino;

Sattaratanasampannā, pañcakappasate ito.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Tassa ekeneva dhammassavanena nipphannakiccattā ekadhammasavanīyotveva samaññā ahosi. So arahā hutvā aññaṃ byākaronto –

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha kilesāti yasmiṃ santāne uppannā, taṃ kilesenti vibādhenti upatāpenti vāti kilesā, rāgādayo. Jhāpitāti indagginā viya rukkhagacchādayo ariyamaggañāṇagginā samūlaṃ daḍḍhā. Mayhanti mayā, mama santāne vā. Bhavā sabbe samūhatāti kāmakammabhavādayo sabbe bhavā samugghāṭitā kilesānaṃ jhāpitattā. Sati hi kilesavaṭṭe kammavaṭṭena bhavitabbaṃ. Kammabhavānaṃ samūhatattā eva ca upapattibhavāpi samūhatā eva anuppattidhammatāya āpāditattā. Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāroti jātiādiko –

‘‘Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;

Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatī’’ti. –

Vuttalakkhaṇo saṃsāro visesato khīṇo, tasmā natthi dāni punabbhavo. Yasmā āyatiṃ punabbhavo natthi, tasmā vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro. Tasmā ca punabbhavo natthi, yasmā bhavā sabbe samūhatāti āvattetvā vattabbaṃ. Atha vā vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, tato eva natthi dāni punabbhavoti yojetabbaṃ.

Adhicetaso appamajjatoti āyasmato ekudāniyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle yakkhasenāpati hutvā nibbatto satthari parinibbute, ‘‘alābhā vata me, dulladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ satthudharamānakāle dānādipuññaṃ kātuṃ nālattha’’nti paridevasokamāpanno ahosi. Atha naṃ sāgaro nāma satthu sāvako sokaṃ vinodetvā satthu thūpapūjāyaṃ niyojesi. So pañca vassāni thūpaṃ pūjetvā tato cuto tena puññena devamanussesu eva saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto kālena kālaṃ satthu santikaṃ upasaṅkami. Tasmiñca samaye satthā ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti gāthāya sāvake abhiṇhaṃ ovadi. So taṃ sutvā saddhājāto pabbaji. Pabbajitvā ca pana tameva gāthaṃ punappunaṃ parivatteti. So tattha vīsativassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ karonto ñāṇassa aparipakkattā visesaṃ nibbattetu nāsakkhi. Tato pana cuto devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatto viññutaṃ patvā jetavanapaṭiggahaṇasamaye buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco araññe viharanto satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. Tasmiñca samaye satthā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ attano avidūre adhicittamanuyuttaṃ disvā ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi. Taṃ sutvā ayaṃ cirakālaṃ bhāvanāya araññe viharantopi kālena kālaṃ tameva gāthaṃ udāneti, tenassa ekudāniyoti samaññā udapādi. So athekadivasaṃ cittekaggataṃ labhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.72-81) –

‘‘Atthadassimhi sugate, nibbute samanantarā;

Yakkhayoniṃ upapajjiṃ, yasaṃ patto cahaṃ tadā.

‘‘Dulladdhaṃ vata me āsi, duppabhātaṃ duruṭṭhitaṃ;

Yaṃ me bhoge vijjamāne, parinibbāyi cakkhumā.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, sāgaro nāma sāvako;

Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.

‘‘Kiṃ nu socasi mā bhāyi, cara dhammaṃ sumedhasa;

Anuppadinnā buddhena, sabbesaṃ bījasampadā.

‘‘Yo ce pūreyya sambuddhaṃ, tiṭṭhantaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Dhātuṃ sāsapamattampi, nibbutassāpi pūjaye.

‘‘Same cittappasādamhi, samaṃ puññaṃ mahaggataṃ;

Tasmā thūpaṃ karitvāna, pūjehi jinadhātuyo.

‘‘Sāgarassa vaco sutvā, buddhathūpaṃ akāsahaṃ;

Pañcavasse paricariṃ, munino thūpamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;

Sampattiṃ anubhotvāna, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Bhūripaññā ca cattāro, sattakappasate ito;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhena viharanto ekadivasaṃ āyasmatā dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena paṭibhānaṃ vīmaṃsituṃ, ‘‘āvuso, mayhaṃ dhammaṃ bhaṇāhī’’ti ajjhiṭṭho cirakālaparicitattā –

‘‘Adhicetaso appamajjato, munino monapathesu sikkhato;

Sokā na bhavanti tādino, upasantassa sadā satīmato’’ti. (udā. 37) –

Imameva gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha adhicetasoti adhicittavato, sabbacittānaṃ adhikena arahattaphalacittena samannāgatassāti attho. Appamajjatoti nappamajjato, appamādena anavajjadhammesu sātaccakiriyāya samannāgatassāti vuttaṃ hoti. Muninoti ‘‘yo munāti ubho loke, muni tena pavuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 269; mahāni. 149; cūḷani. mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddesa 21) evaṃ ubhayalokamunanena vā, monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ, tena arahattaphalapaññāsaṅkhātena monena samannāgatatāya vā khīṇāsavo muni nāma, tassa munino. Monapathesu sikkhatoti arahattañāṇasaṅkhātassa monassa pathesu upāyamaggesu sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammesu, tīsu vā sikkhāsu sikkhato. Idañca pubbabhāgapaṭipadaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ. Pariniṭṭhitasikkho hi arahā, tasmā evaṃ sikkhato, imāya sikkhāya munibhāvaṃ pattassa muninoti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Yasmā cetadevaṃ tasmā heṭṭhimamaggaphalacittānaṃ vasena adhicetaso, catusaccasambodhipaṭipattiyaṃ appamādavasena appamajjato, aggamaggañāṇasamannāgamena muninoti evametesaṃ padānaṃ attho yujjatiyeva. Atha vā ‘‘appamajjato sikkhato’’ padhānahetū akkhātāti daṭṭhabbā. Tasmā appamajjanahetu sikkhanahetu ca adhicetasoti attho.

Sokā na bhavanti tādinoti tādisassa khīṇāsavamunino abbhantare iṭṭhaviyogādivatthukā sokā cittasantāpā na honti. Atha vā tādilakkhaṇappattassa asekkhamunino sokā na bhavantīti. Upasantassāti rāgādīnaṃ accantūpasamena upasantassa. Sadā satīmatoti sativepullappattiyā niccakālaṃ satiyā avirahitassa.

Ettha ca ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti iminā adhicittasikkhā, ‘‘appamajjato’’ti iminā adhisīlasikkhā, ‘‘munino monapathesu sikkhato’’ti etehi adhipaññāsikkhā. ‘‘Munino’’ti vā etena adhipaññāsikkhā, ‘‘monapathesu sikkhato’’ti etena tāsaṃ lokuttarasikkhānaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadā, ‘‘sokā na bhavantī’’tiādīhi sikkhāpāripūriyā ānisaṃsā pakāsitāti veditabbaṃ ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi.

Sutvāna dhammaṃ mahato mahārasanti āyasmato channattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ siddhatthaṃ bhagavantaṃ aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagacchantaṃ disvā pasannacitto mudusamphassaṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ santharitvā adāsi. Pupphehi ca samantato okiritvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā punapi aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle suddhodanamahārājassa gehe dāsiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, channotissa nāmaṃ ahosi, bodhisattena sahajāto. So satthu ñātisamāgame paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā bhagavati pemena, ‘‘amhākaṃ buddho, amhākaṃ dhammo’’ti mamattaṃ uppādetvā sinehaṃ chindituṃ asakkonto samaṇadhammaṃ akatvā satthari parinibbute satthārā āṇattavidhinā katena brahmadaṇḍena santajjito saṃvegappatto hutvā sinehaṃ chinditvā vipassanto nacireneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.10.45-50) –

‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato, adāsiṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ;

Samantā upahārañca, kusumaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Pāsādevaṃ guṇaṃ rammaṃ, anubhomi mahārahaṃ;

Mahagghāni ca pupphāni, sayanebhisavanti me.

‘‘Sayanehaṃ tuvaṭṭāmi, vicitte pupphasanthate;

Pupphavuṭṭhi ca sayane, abhivassati tāvade.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, adāsiṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, santharassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Tiṇasantharakā nāma, sattete cakkavattino;

Ito te pañcame kappe, uppajjiṃsu janādhipā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhasantappito pītivegavissaṭṭhaṃ udānaṃ udānento –

‘‘Sutvāna dhammaṃ mahato mahārasaṃ,

Sabbaññutaññāṇavarena desitaṃ;

Maggaṃ papajjiṃ amatassa pattiyā,

So yogakkhemassa pathassa kovido’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sutvānāti suṇitvā, sotena gahetvā ohitasoto sotadvārānusārena upadhāretvā. Dhammanti catusaccadhammaṃ. Mahatoti bhagavato. Bhagavā hi mahantehi uḷāratamehi sīlādiguṇehi samannāgatattā, sadevakena lokena visesato mahanīyatāya ca ‘‘mahā’’ti vuccati, yā tassa mahāsamaṇoti samaññā jātā. Nissakkavacanañcetaṃ ‘‘mahato dhammaṃ sutvānā’’ti. Mahārasanti vimuttirasassa dāyakattā uḷārarasaṃ. Sabbaññutaññāṇavarena desitanti sabbaṃ jānātīti sabbaññū, tassa bhāvo sabbaññutā. Ñāṇameva varaṃ, ñāṇesu vā varanti ñāṇavaraṃ, sabbaññutā ñāṇavaraṃ etassāti sabbaññutaññāṇavaro, bhagavā. Tena sabbaññutaññāṇasaṅkhātaaggañāṇena vā karaṇabhūtena desitaṃ kathitaṃ dhammaṃ sutvānāti yojanā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ paramatthadīpaniyaṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena veditabbaṃ. Magganti aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ ariyamaggaṃ. Papajjinti paṭipajjiṃ. Amatassa pattiyāti nibbānassa adhigamāya upāyabhūtaṃ paṭipajjinti yojanā. Soti so bhagavā. Yogakkhemassa pathassa kovidoti catūhi yogehi anupaddutassa nibbānassa yo patho, tassa kovido tattha sukusalo. Ayañhettha attho – bhagavato catusaccadesanaṃ sutvā amatādhigamūpāyamaggaṃ ahaṃ paṭipajjiṃ paṭipajjanamaggaṃ mayā kataṃ, so eva pana bhagavā sabbathā yogakkhemassa pathassa kovido, parasantāne vā paramanesu kusalo, yassa saṃvidhānamāgamma ahampi maggaṃ paṭipajjinti. Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.

Sīlamevāti āyasmato puṇṇattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe buddhasuññe loke brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavantappadese paṇṇakuṭiṃ katvā vāsaṃ kappesi. Tassa vasanaṭṭhānassa avidūre ekasmiṃ pabbhāre paccekabuddho ābādhiko hutvā parinibbāyi, tassa parinibbānasamaye mahā āloko ahosi. Taṃ disvā so, ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho ayaṃ āloko uppanno’’ti vīmaṃsanavasena ito cito ca āhiṇḍanto pabbhāre paccekasambuddhaṃ parinibbutaṃ disvā gandhadārūni saṃkaḍḍhitvā sarīraṃ jhāpetvā gandhodakena upasiñci. Tattheko devaputto antalikkhe ṭhatvā evamāha – ‘‘sādhu, sādhu, sappurisa, bahuṃ tayā puññaṃ pasavantena pūritaṃ sugatisaṃvattaniyaṃ kammaṃ tena tvaṃ sugatīsuyeva uppajjissasi, ‘puṇṇo’ti ca te nāmaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sunāparantajanapade suppārakapaṭṭane gahapatikule nibbatti, puṇṇotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto vāṇijjavasena mahatā satthena saddhiṃ sāvatthiṃ gato. Tena ca samayena bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha so sāvatthivāsīhi upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vattapaṭivattehi ācariyupajjhāye ārādhento vihāsi. So ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘sādhu maṃ, bhante bhagavā, saṃkhittena ovādena ovadatu, yamahaṃ sutvā sunāparantajanapade vihareyya’’nti āha. Tassa bhagavā, ‘‘santi kho, puṇṇa, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 3.395; saṃ. ni. 4.88) ovādaṃ datvā sīhanādaṃ nadāpetvā vissajjesi. So bhagavantaṃ vanditvā sunāparantajanapadaṃ gantvā suppārakapaṭṭane viharanto samathavipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā tisso vijjā sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.41.29-44) –

‘‘Pabbhārakūṭaṃ nissāya, sayambhū aparājito;

Ābādhiko ca so buddho, vasati pabbatantare.

‘‘Mama assamasāmantā, panādo āsi tāvade;

Buddhe nibbāyamānamhi, āloko udapajjatha.

‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍasmiṃ, acchakokataracchakā;

Vāḷā ca kesarī sabbe, abhigajjiṃsu tāvade.

‘‘Uppātaṃ tamahaṃ disvā, pabbhāraṃ agamāsahaṃ;

Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, nibbutaṃ aparājitaṃ.

‘‘Suphullaṃ sālarājaṃva, sataraṃsiṃva uggataṃ;

Vītaccikaṃva aṅgāraṃ, nibbutaṃ aparājitaṃ.

‘‘Tiṇaṃ kaṭṭhañca pūretvā, citakaṃ tatthakāsahaṃ;

Citakaṃ sukataṃ katvā, sarīraṃ jhāpayiṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Sarīraṃ jhāpayitvāna, gandhatoyaṃ samokiriṃ;

Antalikkhe ṭhito yakkho, nāmamaggahi tāvade.

‘‘Yaṃ pūritaṃ tayā kiccaṃ, sayambhussa mahesino;

Puṇṇako nāma nāmena, sadā hohi tuvaṃ mune.

‘‘Tamhā kāyā cavitvāna, devalokaṃ agacchahaṃ;

Tattha dibbamayo gandho, antalikkhā pavassati.

‘‘Tatrāpi nāmadheyyaṃ me, puṇṇakoti ahū tadā;

Devabhūto manusso vā, saṅkappaṃ pūrayāmahaṃ.

‘‘Idaṃ pacchimakaṃ mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;

Idhāpi puṇṇako nāma, nāmadheyyaṃ pakāsati.

‘‘Tosayitvāna sambuddhaṃ, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, tanukiccassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero bahū manusse sāsane abhippasādesi. Yato pañcasatamattā purisā upāsakattaṃ pañcasatamattā ca itthiyo upāsikābhāvaṃ paṭivedesuṃ. So tattha rattacandanena candanamāḷaṃ nāma gandhakuṭiṃ kārāpetvā, ‘‘satthā pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ māḷaṃ paṭicchatū’’ti bhagavantaṃ pupphadūtena nimantesi. Bhagavā ca iddhānubhāvena tattakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ tattha gantvā candanamāḷaṃ paṭiggahetvā aruṇe anuṭṭhiteyeva paccāgamāsi. Thero aparabhāge parinibbānasamaye aññaṃ byākaronto –

‘‘Sīlameva idha aggaṃ, paññavā pana uttamo;

Manussesu ca devesu, sīlapaññāṇato jaya’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sīlanti sīlanaṭṭhena sīlaṃ, patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena samādhānaṭṭhena cāti attho. Sīlañhi sabbaguṇānaṃ patiṭṭhā, tenāha – ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.23; peṭako. 22; visuddhi. 1.1). Samādahati ca taṃ kāyavācāavippakiṇṇaṃ karotīti attho. Tayidaṃ sīlameva aggaṃ sabbaguṇānaṃ mūlabhāvato pamukhabhāvato ca. Yathāha – ‘‘tasmātiha, tvaṃ bhikkhu, ādimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ sīlañca suvisuddha’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.369), ‘‘pātimokkhanti mukhametaṃ pamukhameta’’nti (mahāva. 135) ca ādi. Idhāti nipātamattaṃ. Paññavāti ñāṇasampanno. So uttamo seṭṭho pavaroti puggalādhiṭṭhānāya gāthāya paññāyayeva seṭṭhabhāvaṃ dasseti. Paññuttarā hi kusalā dhammā. Idāni taṃ sīlapaññānaṃ aggaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ kāraṇato dasseti ‘‘manussesu ca devesu, sīlapaññāṇato jaya’’nti ca. Sīlapaññāṇahetu paṭipakkhajayo kāmakilesajayo hotīti attho.