11. Ekādasamavaggo

Hitvā gihittaṃ anavositattotiādikā āyasmato belaṭṭhānikattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhussa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā isīhi parivuto vicaranto ekadivasaṃ vessabhuṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pītisomanassajāto satthu ñāṇasampattiṃ nissāya pasannamānaso ñāṇaṃ uddissa pupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā belaṭṭhānikoti laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā kosalaraṭṭhe araññe viharanto alaso kāyadaḷhibahulo pharusavāco ahosi, samaṇadhamme cittaṃ na uppādesi. Atha naṃ bhagavā ñāṇaparipākaṃ oloketvā –

‘‘Hitvā gihittaṃ anavositatto, mukhanaṅgalī odariko kusīto;

Mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando’’ti. –

Imāya obhāsagāthāya saṃvejesi. So satthāraṃ purato nisinnaṃ viya disvā tañca gāthaṃ sutvā saṃvegajāto ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.14.41-46) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;

Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, osadhiṃ viya tārakaṃ.

‘‘Tayo māṇavakā āsuṃ, sake sippe susikkhitā;

Khāribhāraṃ gahetvāna, anventi mama pacchato.

‘‘Puṭake satta pupphāni, nikkhittāni tapassinā;

Gahetvā tāni ñāṇamhi, vessabhussābhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekūnatiṃsakappamhi, vipulābhasanāmako;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu ovādaṃ paṭipūjento byatirekamukhena ca aññaṃ byākaronto tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.

Tattha hitvā gihittanti gahaṭṭhabhāvaṃ pariccajitvā pabbajitvāti attho. Anavositattoti anurūpaṃ avositatto, yadatthaṃ sāsane pabbajantassa anurūpapariññādīnaṃ atīritattā apariyositabhāvo akatakaraṇīyoti attho. Atha vā anavositattoti anuavositasabhāvo, visuddhīnaṃ maggānañca anupaṭipāṭiyā vasitabbavāsassa akatāvī, dasasu ariyavāsesu avusitavāti attho. Mukhasaṅkhātaṃ naṅgalaṃ imassa atthīti mukhanaṅgalī. Naṅgalena viya pathaviṃ paresu pharusavācappayogena attānaṃ khanantoti attho. Odarikoti udare pasuto udaraposanatapparo. Kusītoti alaso, bhāvanaṃ ananuyuñjanto. Evaṃbhūtassa nipphattiṃ dassento āha ‘‘mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando’’ti. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Ettha ca yathā pabbajitvā anavositādisabhāvatāya punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando, na evaṃ mādiso paṇḍito. Tabbiparītasabhāvatāya pana sammāpaṭipattiyā matthakaṃ pāpitattā parinibbāyatīti byatirekamukhena aññaṃ byākāsīti daṭṭhabbanti.

Mānena vañcitāseti āyasmato setucchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto tissassa sammāsambuddhassa kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ tissaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sumadhuraṃ panasaphalaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ nāḷikerasāḷavaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aññatarassa maṇḍalikarañño putto hutvā nibbatti, setucchotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So pitari mate rajje patiṭṭhito ussāhasattīnaṃ abhāvena rājakiccāni virādhento rajjaṃ parahatthagataṃ katvā dukkhappattiyā saṃvegajāto janapadacārikaṃ carantaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā parikammaṃ karonto tadaheva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.17.13-17) –

‘‘Tissassa kho bhagavato, pubbe phalamadāsahaṃ;

Nāḷikerañca pādāsiṃ, khajjakaṃ abhisammataṃ.

‘‘Buddhassa tamahaṃ datvā, tissassa tu mahesino;

Modāmahaṃ kāmakāmī, upapajjiṃ yamicchakaṃ.

‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito terasakappamhi, rājā indasamo ahu;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā kilese garahanto –

‘‘Mānena vañcitāse, saṅkhāresu saṃkilissamānāse;

Lābhālābhena mathitā, samādhiṃ nādhigacchantī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha mānena vañcitāseti ‘‘seyyohamasmī’’tiādinayappavattena mānena attukkaṃsanaparavambhanādivasena kusalabhaṇḍacchedanena vippaladdhā. Saṅkhāresu saṃkilissamānāseti ajjhattikabāhiresu cakkhādīsu ceva rūpādīsu ca saṅkhatadhammesu saṃkilissamānā, ‘‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’ti taṃnimittaṃ taṇhāgāhādivasena saṃkilesaṃ āpajjamānā. Lābhālābhena mathitāti pattacīvarādīnañceva vatthādīnañca lābhena tesaṃyeva ca alābhena taṃnimittaṃ uppannehi anunayapaṭighehi mathitā madditā abhibhūtā. Nidassanamattañcetaṃ avasiṭṭhalokadhammānampettha saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Samādhiṃ nādhigacchantīti te evarūpā puggalā samādhiṃ samathavipassanāvasena cittekaggataṃ kadācipi na vindanti na paṭilabhanti na pāpuṇanti samādhisaṃvattanikānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhāvato, itaresañca bhāvato. Idhāpi yathā mānādīhi abhibhūtā aviddasuno samādhiṃ nādhigacchanti, na evaṃ viddasuno. Te pana mādisā tehi anabhibhūtā samādhiṃ adhigacchantevāti byatirekamukhena aññābyākaraṇanti veditabbaṃ.

Nāhaṃ etena atthikoti āyasmato bandhurattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle aññatarassa rañño antepure gopako hutvā ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ saparisaṃ rājaṅgaṇena gacchantaṃ disvā pasannacitto kaṇaverapupphāni gahetvā sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sīlavatīnagare seṭṭhiputto hutvā nibbatti, bandhurotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto kenacideva karaṇīyena sāvatthiyaṃ gato upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā ñāṇassa paripākattā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.17.7-12) –

‘‘Siddhattho nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;

Purakkhato sāvakehi, nagaraṃ paṭipajjatha.

‘‘Rañño antepure āsiṃ, gopako abhisammato;

Pāsāde upaviṭṭhohaṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Kaṇaveraṃ gahetvāna, bhikkhusaṅghe samokiriṃ;

Buddhassa visuṃ katvāna, tato bhiyyo samokiriṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Sattāsītimhito kappe, caturāsuṃ mahiddhikā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā kataññubhāve ṭhatvā attano upakārassa rañño paccupakāraṃ kātuṃ sīlavatīnagaraṃ gantvā rañño dhammaṃ desento saccāni pakāsesi. Rājā saccapariyosāne sotāpanno hutvā attano nagare sudassanaṃ nāma mahantaṃ vihāraṃ kāretvā therassa niyyātesi. Mahālābhasakkāro ahosi. Thero vihāraṃ sabbañca lābhasakkāraṃ saṅghassa niyyātetvā sayaṃ purimaniyāmeneva piṇḍāya caritvā yāpento katipāhaṃ tattha vasitvā sāvatthiṃ gantukāmo ahosi. Bhikkhū, ‘‘bhante, tumhe idheva vasatha, sace paccayehi vekallaṃ, mayaṃ taṃ paripūressāmā’’ti āhaṃsu. Thero, ‘‘na mayhaṃ, āvuso, uḷārehi paccayehi attho atthi, itarītarehi paccayehi yāpemi, dhammarasenevamhi titto’’ti dassento –

‘‘Nāhaṃ etena atthiko, sukhito dhammarasena tappito;

Pitvā rasaggamuttamaṃ, na ca kāhāmi visena santhava’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha nāhaṃ etena atthikoti yena maṃ tumhe tappetukāmā ‘‘paripūressāmā’’ti vadatha, etena āmisalābhena paccayāmisarasena nāhaṃ atthiko, mayhaṃ etena attho natthi, santuṭṭhi paramaṃ sukhanti itarītareheva paccayehi yāpemīti attho. Idāni tena anatthikabhāve padhānakāraṇaṃ dassento āha ‘‘sukhito dhammarasena tappito’’ti. Sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammarasena ceva navavidhalokuttaradhammarasena ca tappito pīṇito sukhito uttamena sukhena suhitoti attho. Pitvā rasaggamuttamanti sabbarasesu aggaṃ seṭṭhaṃ tatoyeva uttamaṃ yathāvuttaṃ dhammarasaṃ pivitvā ṭhito, tenāha – ‘‘sabbarasaṃ dhammaraso jinātī’’ti (dha. pa. 354). Na ca kāhāmi visena santhavanti evarūpaṃ rasuttamaṃ dhammarasaṃ pivitvā ṭhito visena visasadisena visarasena santhavaṃ saṃsaggaṃ na karissāmi, tathākaraṇassa kāraṇaṃ natthīti attho.

Lahuko vata me kāyoti āyasmato khitakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle yakkhasenāpati hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ yakkhasamāgame nisinno satthāraṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ disvā upasaṅkamitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ pavedento apphoṭento uṭṭhahitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, khitakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto mahāmoggallānattherassa mahiddhikabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘iddhimā bhavissāmī’’ti pubbahetunā codiyamāno pabbajitvā bhagavato santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā samathavipassanāsu kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.17.1-6) –

‘‘Padumo nāma nāmena, dvipadindo narāsabho;

Pavanā abhinikkhamma, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.

‘‘Yakkhānaṃ samayo āsi, avidūre mahesino;

Yena kiccena sampattā, ajjhāpekkhiṃsu tāvade.

‘‘Buddhassa giramaññāya, amatassa ca desanaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, apphoṭetvā upaṭṭhahiṃ.

‘‘Suciṇṇassa phalaṃ passa, upaṭṭhānassa satthuno;

Tiṃsakappasahassesu, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Ūnatiṃse kappasate, samalaṅkatanāmako;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā savisesaṃ iddhīsu vasībhāvena anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhonto iddhipāṭihāriyena anusāsanīpāṭihāriyena ca sattānaṃ anuggahaṃ karonto viharati. So bhikkhūhi, ‘‘kathaṃ tvaṃ, āvuso, iddhi vaḷañjesī’’ti puṭṭho tamatthaṃ ācikkhanto –

‘‘Lahuko vata me kāyo, phuṭṭho ca pītisukhena vipulena;

Tūlamiva eritaṃ mālutena, pilavatīva me kāyo’’ti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi. ‘‘Udānavasenā’’tipi vadantiyeva.

Tattha lahuko vata me kāyoti nīvaraṇādivikkhambhanena cuddasavidhena cittaparidamanena caturiddhipādakabhāvanāya suṭṭhu ciṇṇavasībhāvena ca me rūpakāyo sallahuko vata, yena dandhaṃ mahābhūtapaccayampi nāma imaṃ karajakāyaṃ cittavasena pariṇāmemīti adhippāyo. Phuṭṭho ca pītisukhena vipulenāti sabbatthakameva pharantena mahatā uḷārena pītisahitena sukhena phuṭṭho ca me kāyoti yojanā. Idañca yathā kāyo lahuko ahosi, taṃ dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Sukhasaññokkamanena hi saddhiṃyeva lahusaññokkamanaṃ hoti. Sukhassa pharaṇañcettha taṃsamuṭṭhānarūpavasena daṭṭhabbaṃ kathaṃ pana catutthajjhānasamaṅgino pītisukhapharaṇaṃ, samatikkantapītisukhañhi tanti ce? Saccametaṃ, idaṃ pana na catutthajjhānalakkhaṇavasena vuttaṃ, atha kho pubbabhāgavasena. ‘‘Pītisukhenā’’ti pana pītisahitasadisena sukhena, upekkhā hi idha santasabhāvatāya ñāṇavisesayogato ca sukhanti adhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.101). Pādakajjhānārammaṇena rūpakāyārammaṇena vā iddhicittena sahajātaṃ sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamati pavisati phusati sampāpuṇātīti ayampi tattha attho. Tathā cāha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.3.12) – ‘‘sukhasaññā nāma upekkhāsampayuttā saññā. Upekkhā hi santaṃ sukhanti vuttaṃ sāyeva saññā nīvaraṇehi ceva vitakkādipaccanīkehi ca vimuttattā lahusaññātipi veditabbā. Taṃ okkantassa panassa karajakāyopi tūlapicu viya sallahuko hoti. So evaṃ vātakkhittatūlapicuno viya sallahukena dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Tenāha ‘‘tūlamiva eritaṃ mālutena, pilavatīva me kāyo’’ti. Tassattho – yadāhaṃ brahmalokaṃ aññaṃ vā iddhiyā gantukāmo homi, tadā mālutena vāyunā eritaṃ cittaṃ tūlapicu viya ākāsaṃ laṅghantoyeva me kāyo hotīti.

Ukkaṇṭhitoti āyasmato malitavambhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle himavantato avidūre aññatarasmiṃ jātassare sakuṇo hutvā nibbatti, padumuttaro bhagavā taṃ anuggaṇhanto tattha gantvā jātassaratīre caṅkamati. Sakuṇo bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sare kumudāni gahetvā bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kurukacchanagare aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, malitavambhotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto pacchābhūmahātheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto viharati. Tassa ca ayaṃ sabhāvo, yattha bhojanasappāyo dullabho, itare sulabhā, tato na pakkamati. Yattha pana bhojanasappāyo sulabho, itare dullabhā, tattha na vasati pakkamateva. Evaṃ viharanto ca hetusampannatāya mahāpurisajātikatāya ca nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.51-57) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, mahājātassaro ahu;

Padumuppalasañchanno, puṇḍarīkasamotthaṭo.

‘‘Kukuttho nāma nāmena, tatthāsiṃ sakuṇo tadā;

Sīlavā buddhisampanno, puññāpuññesu kovido.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Jātassarassāvidūre, sañcarittha mahāmuni.

‘‘Jalajaṃ kumudaṃ chetvā, upanesiṃ mahesino;

Mama saṅkappamaññāya, paṭiggahi mahāmuni.

‘‘Tañca dānaṃ daditvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Soḷaseto kappasate, āsuṃ varuṇanāmakā;

Aṭṭha ete janādhipā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānento –

‘‘Ukkaṇṭhitopi na vase, ramamānopi pakkame;

Na tvevānatthasaṃhitaṃ, vase vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha ukkaṇṭhitopi na vaseti yasmiṃ āvāse vasantassa me bhojanasappāyālābhena adhikusalesu dhammesu ukkaṇṭhā anabhirati uppajjati, tattha ukkaṇṭhitopi vasāmiyeva itarasappāyalābhena na pakkame na pakkamāmi. Na vaseti ettha na-kārenapi pakkametipadaṃ sambandhitabbaṃ. Ramamānopi pakkameti yasmiṃ pana āvāse vasantassa me paccayavekallābhāvena natthi ukkaṇṭhā, aññadatthu abhiramāmi, evaṃ abhiramamānopi avasesasappāyālābhena tato pakkame, na vaseyyaṃ. Evaṃ paṭipajjantovāhaṃ nacirasseva sakatthaṃ paccupādinti. Ayañcettha attapaṭipattipaccavekkhaṇāyaṃ yojanā. Parassa ovādadāne pana vaseyya na pakkameyyāti vidhānavasena yojetabbaṃ. Na tvevānatthasaṃhitaṃ, vase vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇoti yasmiṃ āvāse paccayā sulabhā, samaṇadhammo na pāripūriṃ gacchati, yasmiñca āvāse paccayā dullabhā, samaṇadhammopi pāripūriṃ na gacchati, evarūpo āvāso idha anatthasaṃhito nāma avaḍḍhisahitoti katvā. Evarūpaṃ vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇo viññujātiko sakatthaṃ paripūretukāmo natveva vaseyya. Yattha pana pañcaṅgasamannāgato āvāso labbhati, sattapi sappāyā labbhanti, tattheva vaseyyāti attho.

Sataliṅgassa atthassāti āyasmato suhemantattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito dvānavute kappe tissassa bhagavato kāle vanacaro hutvā vane vasati, taṃ anuggahituṃ bhagavā araññaṃ pavisitvā tassa āsanne ṭhāne aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. So bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto sugandhāni punnāgapupphāni ocinitvā bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde pāriyantadese vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, suhemantotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto saṅkassanagare migadāye viharantaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā tepiṭako hutvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño paṭisambhidāpatto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.46-50) –

‘‘Kānanaṃ vanamogayha, vasāmi luddako ahaṃ;

Punnāgaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ anussariṃ.

‘‘Taṃ pupphaṃ ocinitvāna, sugandhaṃ gandhitaṃ subhaṃ;

Thūpaṃ karitvā puline, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekamhi navute kappe, eko āsiṃ tamonudo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘mayā kho yaṃ sāvakena pattabbaṃ, taṃ anuppattaṃ, yaṃnūnāhaṃ idāni bhikkhūnaṃ anuggahaṃ kareyya’’nti. Evaṃ cintetvā pabhinnapaṭisambhidatāya akilāsutāya ca attano santikaṃ upagate bhikkhū yathārahaṃ ovadanto anusāsanto kaṅkhaṃ chindanto dhammaṃ kathento kammaṭṭhānaṃ niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ katvā ācikkhanto viharati. Athekadivasaṃ attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ viññūnañca puggalānaṃ visesaṃ ācikkhanto –

‘‘Sataliṅgassa atthassa, satalakkhaṇadhārino;

Ekaṅgadassī dummedho, satadassī ca paṇḍito’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sataliṅgassāti līnamatthaṃ gamentīti liṅgāni, atthesu saddassa pavattinimittāni, tāni pana sataṃ anekāni liṅgāni etassāti sataliṅgo. Anekattho hi idha satasaddo, ‘‘sataṃ sahassa’’ntiādīsu viya na saṅkhyāvisesattho tassa sataliṅgassa. Atthassāti ñeyyassa, ñeyyañhi ñāṇena araṇīyato ‘‘attho’’ti vuccati. So ca ekopi anekaliṅgo, yathā ‘‘sakko purindado maghavā’’ti, ‘‘paññā vijjā medhā ñāṇa’’nti ca. Yena liṅgena pavattinimittena tāvatiṃsādhipatimhi indasaddo pavatto, na tena tattha sakkādisaddā pavattā, atha kho aññena. Tathā yena sammādiṭṭhimhi paññāsaddo pavatto, na tena vijjādisaddā. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sataliṅgassa atthassā’’ti.

Satalakkhaṇadhārinoti anekalakkhaṇavato. Lakkhīyati etenāti lakkhaṇaṃ, paccayabhāvino atthassa attano phalaṃ paṭicca paccayabhāvo, tena hi so ayaṃ imassa kāraṇanti lakkhīyati. So ca ekasseva atthassa anekappabhedo upalabbhati, tenāha ‘‘satalakkhaṇadhārino’’ti. Atha vā lakkhīyantīti lakkhaṇāni, tassa tassa atthassa saṅkhatatādayo pakāravisesā te pana atthato avatthāvisesā veditabbā. Te ca pana tesaṃ aniccatādisāmaññalakkhaṇaṃ liṅgenti ñāpentīti ‘‘liṅgānī’’ti ca vuccanti. Tassime ākārā, yasmā ekassāpi atthassa aneke upalabbhanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sataliṅgassa atthassa, satalakkhaṇadhārino’’ti. Tenāha āyasmā dhammasenāpati – ‘‘sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchantī’’ti (mahāni. 156; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5).

Ekaṅgadassī dummedhoti evaṃ anekaliṅge anekalakkhaṇe atthe yo tattha ekaṅgadassī aputhupaññatāya ekaliṅgamattaṃ ekalakkhaṇamattañca disvā attanā diṭṭhameva ‘‘idameva sacca’’nti abhinivissa ‘‘moghamañña’’nti itaraṃ paṭikkhipati, hatthidassanakaandho viya ekaṅgagāhī dummedho duppañño tattha vijjamānānaṃyeva pakāravisesānaṃ ajānanato micchā abhinivisanato ca. Satadassī ca paṇḍitoti paṇḍito pana tattha vijjamāne anekepi pakāre attano paññācakkhunā sabbaso passati. Yo vā tattha labbhamāne aneke paññācakkhunā attanāpi passati, aññesampi dasseti pakāseti, so paṇḍito vicakkhaṇo atthesu kusalo nāmāti. Evaṃ thero ukkaṃsagataṃ attano paṭisambhidāsampattiṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vibhāvesi.

Pabbajiṃ tulayitvānāti āyasmato dhammasavattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle suvaccho nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū gharāvāse dosaṃ disvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane pabbatantare assamaṃ kāretvā bahūhi tāpasehi saddhiṃ vasi. Athassa kusalabījaṃ ropetukāmo padumuttaro bhagavā assamasamīpe ākāse ṭhatvā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. So taṃ disvā pasannamānaso pūjetukāmo nāgapupphāni ocināpesi. Satthā, ‘‘alaṃ imassa tāpasassa ettakaṃ kusalabīja’’nti pakkāmi. So pupphāni gahetvā satthu gamanamaggaṃ okiritvā cittaṃ pasādento añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā dhammasavoti laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto hetusampattiyā codiyamāno gharāvāse ādīnavaṃ pabbajjāya ānisaṃsañca disvā dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ viharantaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.39-45) –

‘‘Suvaccho nāma nāmena, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;

Purakkhato sasissehi, vasate pabbatantare.

‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.

‘‘Vehāsamhi caṅkamati, dhūpāyati jalate tathā;

Hāsaṃ mamaṃ viditvāna, pakkāmi pācināmukho.

‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Nāgapupphaṃ gahetvāna, gatamaggamhi okiriṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ pupphaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ;

Tena cittappasādena, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse kappasate, rājā āsi mahāraho;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā somanassappatto udānavasena –

‘‘Pabbajiṃ tulayitvāna, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha pabbajiṃ tulayitvānāti ‘‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.191; ma. ni. 2.10; saṃ. ni. 2.154) gharāvāse, ‘‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā’’tiādinā (pāci. 417; ma. ni. 1.177) kāmesu ādīnavaṃ tappaṭipakkhato nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ tulabhūtāya paññāya vicāretvā vīmaṃsitvāti attho. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Sa vīsavassasatikoti āyasmato dhammasavapituttherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro buddhasuññe loke kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhūtagaṇe nāma pabbate viharantaṃ paccekasambuddhaṃ disvā pasannamānaso tiṇasūlapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto dārapariggahaṃ katvā dhammasavaṃ nāma puttaṃ labhitvā tasmiṃ pabbajite sayampi vīsavassasatiko hutvā, ‘‘mama putto tāva taruṇo pabbaji, atha kasmā nāhaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti sañjātasaṃvego satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.35-38) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, bhūtagaṇo nāma pabbato;

Vasateko jino tattha, sayambhū lokanissaṭo.

‘‘Tiṇasūlaṃ gahetvāna, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ;

Ekūnasatasahassaṃ, kappaṃ na vinipātiko.

‘‘Ito ekādase kappe, ekosiṃ dharaṇīruho;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā sañjātasomanasso udānento –

‘‘Sa vīsavassasatiko, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha sa vīsavassasatikoti so vīsaṃvassasatiko, so ahaṃ jātiyā vīsādhikavassasatiko samāno. Pabbajinti pabbajjaṃ upagacchiṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Idameva ca imassa therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.

Na nūnāyaṃ paramahitānukampinoti āyasmato saṅgharakkhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito catunavute kappe kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ pabbatapāde vasante satta paccekasambuddhe disvā pasannamānaso kadambapupphāni gahetvā pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ ibbhakule nibbatti, tassa saṅgharakkhitoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ sahāyaṃ katvā araññe viharati. Therassa vasanaṭṭhānato avidūre vanagumbe ekā migī vijāyitvā taruṇaṃ chāpaṃ rakkhantī chātajjhattāpi puttasinehena dūre gocarāya na gacchati, āsanne ca tiṇodakassa alābhena kilamati. Taṃ disvā thero, ‘‘aho vatāyaṃ loko taṇhābandhanabaddho mahādukkhaṃ anubhavati, na taṃ chindituṃ sakkotī’’ti saṃvegajāto tameva aṅkusaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.30-34) –

‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, kukkuṭo nāma pabbato;

Tamhi pabbatapādamhi, satta buddhā vasanti te.

‘‘Kadambaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, dīparājaṃva uggataṃ;

Ubho hatthehi paggayha, satta buddhe samokiriṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, sattāsuṃ pupphanāmakā;

Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano dutiyakaṃ bhikkhuṃ micchāvitakkabahulaṃ viharantaṃ ñatvā tameva migiṃ upamaṃ karitvā taṃ ovadanto –

‘‘Na nūnāyaṃ paramahitānukampino, rahogato anuvigaṇeti sāsanaṃ;

Tathāhayaṃ viharati pākatindriyo, migī yathā taruṇajātikā vane’’ti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha na nūnāyanti na-iti paṭisedhe nipāto. Nūnāti parivitakke. Nūna ayanti padacchedo. Paramahitānukampinoti paramaṃ ativiya, paramena vā anuttarena hitena satte anukampanasīlassa bhagavato. Rahogatoti rahasi gato, suññāgāragato kāyavivekayuttoti attho. Anuvigaṇetīti ettha ‘‘na nūnā’’ti padadvayaṃ ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ ‘‘nānuvigaṇeti nūnā’’ti, na cintesi maññe, ‘‘nānuyuñjatī’’ti takkemīti attho. Sāsananti paṭipattisāsanaṃ, catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvananti adhippāyo. Tathā hīti teneva kāraṇena, satthu sāsanassa ananuyuñjanato eva. Ayanti ayaṃ bhikkhu. Pākatindriyoti manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ yathāsakaṃ visayesu vissajjanato sabhāvabhūtaindriyo, asaṃvutacakkhudvārādikoti attho. Yassa taṇhāsaṅgassa acchinnatāya so bhikkhu pākatindriyo viharati, tassa upamaṃ dassento ‘‘migī yathā taruṇajātikā vane’’ti āha. Yathā ayaṃ taruṇasabhāvā migī puttasnehassa acchinnatāya vane dukkhaṃ anubhavati, na taṃ ativattati, evamayampi bhikkhu saṅgassa acchinnatāya pākatindriyo viharanto vaṭṭadukkhaṃ nātivattatīti adhippāyo. ‘‘Taruṇavijātikā’’ti vā pāṭho. Abhinavappasutā bālavacchāti attho. Taṃ sutvā so bhikkhu sañjātasaṃvego vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

Nagā nagaggesu susaṃvirūḷhāti āyasmato usabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni karonto ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle devaputto hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso dibbapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. Sā pupphapūjā sattāhaṃ pupphamaṇḍapākārena aṭṭhāsi. Devamanussānaṃ mahāsamāgamo ahosi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbatti, tassa usabhoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe satthari laddhappasādo pabbajitvā katapubbakicco araññe pabbatapāde viharati. Tena ca samayena pāvusakālameghe abhippavuṭṭhe pabbatasikharesu rukkhagacchalatāya ghanapaṇṇasaṇḍino honti. Athekadivasaṃ thero leṇato nikkhamitvā taṃ vanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ pabbatarāmaṇeyyakañca disvā yonisomanasikāravasena ‘‘imepi nāma rukkhādayo acetanā utusampattiyā vaḍḍhiṃ pāpuṇanti, atha kasmā nāhaṃ utusappāyaṃ labhitvā guṇehi vaḍḍhiṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti cintento –

‘‘Nagā nagaggesu susaṃvirūḷhā, udaggameghena navena sittā;

Vivekakāmassa araññasaññino, janeti bhiyyo usabhassa kalyata’’nti. –

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha nagāti rukkhā, ‘‘nāgā’’ti keci vadanti, nāgarukkhāti attho. Nagaggesūti pabbatasikharesu. Susaṃvirūḷhāti suṭṭhu samantato virūḷhamūlā hutvā parito upari ca sammadeva sañjātasākhaggapallavappasākhāti attho. Udaggameghena navena sittāti paṭhamuppannena uḷārena mahatā pāvusameghena abhippavuṭṭhā. Vivekakāmassāti kilesavivittaṃ cittavivekaṃ icchantassa, araññavāsena tāva kāyaviveko laddho, idāni upadhivivekādhigamassa nissayabhūto cittaviveko laddhabboti taṃ patthayamānassa, jāgariyaṃ anuyuñjantassāti attho, tenāha ‘‘araññasaññino’’ti. Araññavāso nāma satthārā vaṇṇito thomito. So ca kho yāvadeva samathavipassanābhāvanāpāripūriyā, tasmā sā mayā hatthagatā kātabbāti evaṃ araññagatasaññino nekkhammasaṅkappabahulassāti attho. Janetīti uppādenti, puthutte hi idaṃ ekavacanaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘janentī’’ti paṭhanti. Bhiyyoti uparūpari. Usabhassāti attānameva paraṃ viya vadati. Kalyatanti kalyabhāvaṃ cittassa kammaññataṃ bhāvanāyogyataṃ. Svāyamattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Evaṃ thero imaṃ gāthaṃ vadantoyeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.25-29) –

‘‘Devaputto ahaṃ santo, pūjayiṃ sikhināyakaṃ;

Mandāravena pupphena, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.

‘‘Sattāhaṃ chadanaṃ āsi, dibbaṃ mālaṃ tathāgate;

Sabbe janā samāgantvā, namassiṃsu tathāgataṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ito ca dasame kappe, rājāhosiṃ jutindharo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.