2. Dutiyavaggo

Pāmojjabahuloti āyasmato cūḷavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle daliddakule nibbattitvā paresaṃ bhatiyā jīvikaṃ kappento bhagavato sāvakaṃ sujātaṃ nāma theraṃ paṃsukūlaṃ pariyesantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso upasaṅkamitvā vatthaṃ datvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vandi. So tena puññakammena tettiṃsakkhattuṃ devarajjaṃ kāresi. Sattasattatikkhattuṃ cakkavattī rājā ahosi. Anekavāraṃ padesarājā. Evaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane osakkamāne pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussagatīsu aparāparaṃ parivattanto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kosambiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Cūḷavacchotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato buddhaguṇe sutvā pasannamānaso bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkami, tassa bhagavā dhammaṃ kathesi. So paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado katapubbakicco caritānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā bhāvento vihari. Tena ca samayena kosambikā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā ahesuṃ. Tadā cūḷavacchatthero ubhayesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ laddhiṃ anādāya bhagavatā dinnovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ brūhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.50.31-40) –

‘‘Padumuttarabhagavato, sujāto nāma sāvako;

Paṃsukūlaṃ gavesanto, saṅkāre caratī tadā.

‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, paresaṃ bhatako ahaṃ;

Upaḍḍhudussaṃ datvāna, sirasā abhivādayiṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Tettiṃsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ;

Sattasattatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.

‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;

Upaḍḍhadussadānena, modāmi akutobhayo.

‘‘Icchamāno cahaṃ ajja, sakānanaṃ sapabbataṃ;

Khomadussehi chādeyyaṃ, aḍḍhudussassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, aḍḍhudussassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Atha cūḷavacchatthero arahattaṃ patvā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kalahābhiratiyā sakatthavināsaṃ disvā dhammasaṃvegappatto, attano ca pattavisesaṃ paccavekkhitvā pītisomanassavasena ‘‘pāmojjabahulo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

11.Tattha pāmojjabahuloti suparisuddhasīlatāya vippaṭisārābhāvato adhikusalesu dhammesu abhirativasena pamodabahulo. Tenevāha ‘‘dhamme buddhappavedite’’ti. Tattha dhammeti. Sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiyadhamme navavidhe vā lokuttaradhamme. So hi sabbaññubuddhena sāmukkaṃsikāya desanāya pakāsitattā sātisayaṃ buddhappavedito nāma. Tassa pana adhigamūpāyabhāvato desanādhammopi idha labbhateva. Padaṃ santanti nibbānaṃ sandhāya vadati. Evarūpo hi bhikkhu santaṃ padaṃ santaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ upasamabhāvato saṅkhārūpasamaṃ paramasukhatāya sukhaṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchati vindatiyeva. Parisuddhasīlo hi bhikkhu vippaṭisārābhāvena pāmojjabahulo saddhamme yuttappayutto vimuttipariyosānā sabbasampattiyo pāpuṇāti. Yathāha – ‘‘avippaṭisāratthāni kho, ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni, avippaṭisāro pāmojjatthāyā’’tiādi (a. ni. 10.1). Atha vā pāmojjabahuloti sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākkhāto dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅghoti ratanattayaṃ sandhāya pamodabahulo. Tattha pana so pamodabahulo kiṃ vā karotīti āha ‘‘dhamme buddhappavedite’’tiādi. Saddhāsampannassa hi sappurisasaṃsevanasaddhammassavanayonisomanasikāradhammānudhammapaṭipattīnaṃ sukheneva sambhavato sampattiyo hatthagatā eva honti, yathāha – ‘‘saddhājāto upasaṅkamati, upasaṅkamanto payirupāsatī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 2.183).

Paññābalīti āyasmato mahāvacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca pānīyadānamadāsi. Puna sikhissa bhagavato kāle upāsako hutvā vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññakammaṃ akāsi, so tehi puññakammehi tattha tattha sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe nāḷakagāme samiddhissa nāma brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa mahāvacchoti nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto āyasmato sāriputtassa bhagavato sāvakabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘sopi nāma mahāpañño. Yassa sāvakattaṃ upāgato, so eva maññe imasmiṃ loke aggapuggalo’’ti bhagavati saddhaṃ uppādetvā satthu santike pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.50.51-56) –

‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa, bhikkhusaṅghe anuttare;

Pasannacitto sumano, pānīyaghaṭamapūrayiṃ.

‘‘Pabbatagge dumagge vā, ākāse vātha bhūmiyaṃ;

Yadā pānīyamicchāmi, khippaṃ nibbattate mama.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dakadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… bhavā sabbe samūhatā;

Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ pana arahattaṃ patvā vimuttisukhaṃ anubhavanto sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanena sabrahmacārīnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ ‘‘paññābalī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

12.Tattha paññābalīti pārihāriyapaññāya vipassanāpaññāya ca vasena abhiṇhaso sātisayena paññābalena samannāgato. Sīlavatūpapannoti ukkaṃsagatena catupārisuddhisīlena, dhutadhammasaṅkhātehi vatehi ca upapanno samannāgato. Samāhitoti upacārappanābhedena samādhinā samāhito. Jhānaratoti tato eva ārammaṇūpanijjhāne lakkhaṇūpanijjhāne ca rato satatābhiyutto. Sabbakālaṃ satiyā avippavāsavasena satimā. Yadatthiyanti atthato anapetaṃ atthiyaṃ, yena atthiyaṃ yadatthiyaṃ. Yathā paccaye paribhuñjantassa paribhuñjanaṃ atthiyaṃ hoti, tathā bhojanaṃ bhuñjamāno. Sāmiparibhogena hi taṃ atthiyaṃ hoti dāyajjaparibhogena vā, na aññathā bhojananti ca nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Bhuñjiyati paribhuñjiyatīti vā bhojanaṃ, cattāro paccayā. ‘‘Yadatthika’’nti vā pāṭho. Yadatthaṃ yassatthāya satthārā paccayā anuññātā, tadatthaṃ kāyassa ṭhitiādiatthaṃ, tañca anupādisesanibbānatthaṃ. Tasmā anupādāparinibbānatthaṃ bhojanapaccaye bhuñjamāno tato eva kaṅkhetha kālaṃ attano anupādāparinibbānakālaṃ āgameyya. Idha imasmiṃ sāsane vītarāgo. Bāhirakassa pana kāmesu vītarāgassa idaṃ natthīti adhippāyo.

Nīlabbhavaṇṇāti āyasmato vanavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira atthadassino bhagavato kāle kacchapayoniyaṃ nibbatto vinatāya nāma nadiyā vasati. Tassa khuddakanāvappamāṇo attabhāvo ahosi. So kira ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ nadiyā tīre ṭhitaṃ disvā, ‘‘pāraṃ gantukāmo maññe bhagavā’’ti attano piṭṭhiyaṃ āropetvā netukāmo pādamūle nipajji. Bhagavā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā taṃ anukampanto āruhi. So pītisomanassajāto sotaṃ chindanto jiyāya vegena khittasaro viya tāvadeva paratīraṃ pāpesi. Bhagavā tassa puññassa phalaṃ etarahi nibbattanakasampattiñca byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto anekasatakkhattuṃ tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññavāsīyeva ahosi. Puna kassapabuddhakāle kapotayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā araññe viharantaṃ mettāvihāriṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā cittaṃ pasādesi.

Tato pana cuto bārāṇasiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññakammaṃ upacini. Evaṃ tattha tattha devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare vacchagottassa nāma brāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassa mātā paripakkagabbhā araññaṃ dassanatthāya sañjātadohaḷā araññaṃ pavisitvā vicarati, tāvadevassā kammajavātā caliṃsu, tirokaraṇiṃ parikkhipitvā adaṃsu. Sā dhaññapuññalakkhaṇaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi. So bodhisattena saha paṃsukīḷikasahāyo ahosi. ‘‘Vaccho’’tissa nāmañca ahosi. Vanābhiratiyā vasena vanavacchoti paññāyittha. Aparabhāge mahāsatte mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahante, ‘‘ahampi siddhatthakumārena saha araññe viharissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavante vasanto abhisambuddhabhāvaṃ sutvā bhagavato santikaṃ upagantvā pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe vasamāno nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.49-148-163) –

‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;

Vinatānadiyā tīraṃ, upagacchi tathāgato.

‘‘Udakā abhinikkhamma, kacchapo vārigocaro;

Buddhaṃ tāretukāmohaṃ, upesiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Abhirūhatu maṃ buddho, atthadassī mahāmuni;

Ahaṃ taṃ tārayissāmi, dukkhassantakaro tuvaṃ.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, atthadassī mahāyaso;

Abhirūhitvā me piṭṭhiṃ, aṭṭhāsi lokanāyako.

‘‘Yato sarāmi attānaṃ, yato pattosmi viññutaṃ;

Sukhaṃ me tādisaṃ natthi, phuṭṭhe pādatale yathā.

‘‘Uttaritvāna sambuddho, atthadassī mahāyaso;

Naditīramhi ṭhatvāna, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yāvatā vattate cittaṃ, gaṅgāsotaṃ tarāmahaṃ;

Ayañca kacchapo rājā, tāresi mama paññavā.

‘‘Iminā buddhataraṇena, mettacittavatāya ca;

Aṭṭhārase kappasate, devaloke ramissati.

‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, sukkamūlena codito;

Ekāsane nisīditvā, kaṅkhāsotaṃ tarissati.

‘‘Yathāpi bhaddake khette, bījaṃ appampi ropitaṃ;

Sammādhāre pavecchante, phalaṃ toseti kassakaṃ.

‘‘Tathevidaṃ buddhakhettaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;

Sammādhāre pavecchante, phalaṃ maṃ tosayissati.

‘‘Padhānapahitattomhi, upasanto nirūpadhi;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ pana arahattaṃ patvā bhagavati kapilavatthusmiṃ viharante tattha gantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā bhikkhūhi samāgato paṭisanthāravasena ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, araññe phāsuvihāro laddho’’ti puṭṭho ‘‘ramaṇīyā, āvuso, araññe pabbatā’’ti attanā vuṭṭhapabbate vaṇṇento ‘‘nīlabbhavaṇṇā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

13.Tattha nīlabbhavaṇṇāti nīlavalāhakanibhā nīlavalāhakasaṇṭhānā ca. Rucirāti ruciyā sakiraṇā pabhassarā ca. Sītavārīti sītalasalilā. Sucindharāti sucisuddhabhūmibhāgatāya suddhacittānaṃ vā ariyānaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānatāya sucindharā. Gāthāsukhatthañhi sānunāsikaṃ katvā niddeso. ‘‘Sītavārisucindharā’’tipi pāṭho, sītasucivāridharā sītalavimalasalilāsayavantoti attho. Indagopakasañchannāti indagopakanāmakehi pavāḷavaṇṇehi rattakimīhi sañchāditā pāvussakālavasena evamāha. Keci pana ‘‘indagopakanāmāni rattatiṇānī’’ti vadanti. Apare ‘‘kaṇikārarukkhā’’ti. Selāti silāmayā pabbatā, na paṃsupabbatāti attho. Tenāha – ‘‘yathāpi pabbato selo’’ti (udā. 24). Ramayanti manti maṃ ramāpenti, mayhaṃ vivekābhirattiṃ paribrūhenti. Evaṃ thero attano cirakālaparibhāvitaṃ araññābhiratiṃ pavedento tividhaṃ vivekābhiratimeva dīpeti. Tattha upadhivivekena aññābyākaraṇaṃ dīpitameva hotīti.

Upajjhāyoti sivakassa sāmaṇerassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhussa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto ekadivasaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena araññaṃ paviṭṭho tattha pabbatantare nisinnaṃ vessabhuṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Puna tattha manoharāni kāsumārikaphalāni disvā tāni gahetvā bhagavato upanesi, paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane mātule pabbajante tena saddhiṃ pabbajitvā bahuṃ vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vanavacchattherassa bhāgineyyo hutvā nibbatto, sivakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa mātā attano jeṭṭhabhātike vanavacche sāsane pabbajitvā pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā araññe viharante taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā puttaṃ āha – ‘‘tāta sivaka, therassa santike pabbajitvā theraṃ upaṭṭhaha, mahallako dāni thero’’ti. So mātu ekavacaneneva ca pubbe katādhikāratāya ca mātulattherassa santikaṃ gantvā pabbajitvā taṃ upaṭṭhahanto araññe vasati.

Tassa ekadivasaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena gāmantaṃ gatassa kharo ābādho uppajji. Manussesu bhesajjaṃ karontesupi na paṭippassambhi. Tasmiṃ cirāyante thero ‘‘sāmaṇero cirāyati, kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti tattha gantvā taṃ gilānaṃ disvā tassa taṃ taṃ kattabbayuttakaṃ karonto divasabhāgaṃ vītināmetvā rattibhāge balavapaccūsavelāyaṃ āha – ‘‘sivaka, na mayā pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya gāme vasitapubbaṃ, ito araññameva gacchāmā’’ti. Taṃ sutvā sivako ‘‘yadipi me, bhante, idāni kāyo gāmante ṭhito, cittaṃ pana araññe, tasmā sayānopi araññameva gamissāmī’’ti, taṃ sutvā thero taṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā araññameva netvā ovādaṃ adāsi. So therassa ovāde ṭhatvā vipassitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.38.53-58) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ.

‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, kire katvāna añjaliṃ;

Kāsumārikamādāya, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

So arahattaṃ patvā upajjhāyena attanā ca vuttamatthaṃ saṃsanditvā attano vivekābhiratikataṃ katakiccatañca pavedento ‘‘upajjhāyo maṃ avacā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

14.Tattha upajjhāyoti vajjāvajjaṃ upanijjhāyati hitesitaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā ñāṇacakkhunā pekkhatīti upajjhāyo. Manti attānaṃ vadati. Avacāti abhāsi. Ito gacchāma sīvakāti vuttākāradassanaṃ, sivaka, ito gāmantato araññaṭṭhānameva ehi gacchāma, tadeva amhākaṃ vasanayogganti adhippāyo. Evaṃ pana upajjhāyena vutto sivako bhadro assājānīyo viya kasābhihato sañjātasaṃvego hutvā araññameva gantukāmataṃ pavedento –

‘‘Gāme me vasati kāyo, araññaṃ me gataṃ mano;

Semānakopi gacchāmi, natthi saṅgo vijānata’’nti. –āha;

Tassattho – yasmā idāni yadipi me idaṃ sarīraṃ gāmante ṭhitaṃ, ajjhāsayo pana araññameva gato, tasmā semānakopi gacchāmi gelaññena ṭhānanisajjāgamanesu asamatthatāya sayānopi iminā sayitākārena sarīsapo viya sarīsapanto, etha, bhante, araññameva gacchāma, kasmā? Natthi saṅgo vijānatanti, yasmā dhammasabhāvā kāmesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ, nekkhamme nibbāne ca ānisaṃsaṃ yāthāvato jānantassa na katthaci saṅgo, tasmā ekapadeneva upajjhāyassa āṇā anuṭhitāti, tadapadesena aññaṃ byākāsi.

Pañca chinde pañca jaheti āyasmato kuṇḍadhānattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe uppanno vayappatto heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā tadanurūpaṃ puññaṃ karonto vicari. So ekadivasaṃ padumuttarassa bhagavato nirodhasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya nisinnassa manosilācuṇṇapiñjaraṃ mahantaṃ kadaliphalakaṇṇikaṃ upanesi, taṃ bhagavā paṭiggahetvā paribhuñji. So tena puññakammena ekādasakkhattuṃ devesu devarajjaṃ kāresi. Catuvīsativāre rājā ahosi cakkavattī. Evaṃ so punappunaṃ puññāni katvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapabuddhakāle bhummadevatā hutvā nibbatti. Dīghāyukabuddhānañca nāma na anvaddhamāsiko uposatho hoti. Tathā hi vipassissa bhagavato chabbassantare chabbassantare uposatho ahosi. Kassapadasabalo pana chaṭṭhe chaṭṭhe māse pātimokkhaṃ osāresi. Tassa pātimokkhassa osāraṇakāle disāvāsikā dve sahāyakā bhikkhū ‘‘uposathaṃ karissāmā’’ti gacchanti.

Ayaṃ bhummadevatā cintesi – ‘‘imesaṃ dvinnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ metti ativiya daḷhā, kiṃ nu kho, bhedake sati bhijjeyya, na bhijjeyyā’’ti, sā tesaṃ okāsaṃ olokayamānā tesaṃ avidūreneva gacchati. Atheko thero ekassa hatthe pattacīvaraṃ datvā sarīravaḷañjanatthaṃ udakaphāsukaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā dhotahatthapādo hutvā gumbasamīpato nikkhamati bhummadevatā tassa therassa pacchato uttamarūpā itthī hutvā kese vidhunitvā saṃvidhāya sambandhantī viya piṭṭhiyaṃ paṃsuṃ puñchamānā viya sāṭakaṃ saṃvidhāya nivāsayamānā viya ca hutvā therassa padānupadikā hutvā gumbato nikkhantā. Ekamante ṭhito sahāyakatthero taṃ kāraṇaṃ disvāva domanassajāto ‘‘naṭṭho dāni me iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ dīgharattānugato sineho, sacāhaṃ evaṃvidhabhāvaṃ jāneyyaṃ, ettakaṃ addhānaṃ iminā saddhiṃ vissāsaṃ na kareyya’’nti cintetvā āgacchantassevassa, ‘‘handāvuso, tuyhaṃ pattacīvaraṃ, tādisena pāpena saddhiṃ ekamaggaṃ nāgacchāmī’’ti āha. Taṃ kathaṃ sutvā tassa lajjibhikkhuno hadayaṃ tikhiṇasattiṃ gahetvā viddhaṃ viya ahosi. Tato naṃ āha – ‘‘āvuso, kiṃ nāmetaṃ vadasi, ahaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ dukkaṭamattampi āpattiṃ na jānāmi. Tvaṃ pana maṃ ajja ‘pāpo’ti vadasi, kiṃ te diṭṭha’’nti. ‘‘Kiṃ aññena diṭṭhena, kiṃ tvaṃ evaṃvidhena alaṅkatapaṭiyattena mātugāmena saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhāne hutvā nikkhanto’’ti. ‘‘Natthetaṃ, āvuso, mayhaṃ, nāhaṃ evarūpaṃ mātugāmaṃ passāmī’’ti. Tassa yāvatatiyaṃ kathentassāpi itaro thero kathaṃ asaddahitvā attanā diṭṭhakāraṇaṃyeva bhūtattaṃ katvā gaṇhanto tena saddhiṃ ekamaggena agantvā aññena maggena satthu santikaṃ gato. Itaropi bhikkhu aññena maggena satthu santikaṃyeva gato.

Tato bhikkhusaṅghassa uposathāgāraṃ pavisanavelāya so bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ uposathagge sañjānitvā, ‘‘imasmiṃ uposathagge evarūpo nāma pāpabhikkhu atthi, nāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā bahi aṭṭhāsi. Atha bhummadevatā ‘‘bhāriyaṃ mayā kammaṃ kata’’nti mahallakaupāsakavaṇṇena tassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘kasmā, bhante, ayyo imasmiṃ ṭhāne ṭhito’’ti āha. ‘‘Upāsaka, imaṃ uposathaggaṃ eko pāpabhikkhu paviṭṭho, ‘nāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karomī’ti bahi ṭhitomhī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, mā evaṃ gaṇhatha, parisuddhasīlo esa bhikkhu. Tumhehi diṭṭhamātugāmo nāma ahaṃ, mayā tumhākaṃ vīmaṃsanatthāya ‘daḷhā nu kho imesaṃ therānaṃ metti, no daḷhā’ti bhijjanābhijjanabhāvaṃ olokentena taṃ kammaṃ kata’’nti. ‘‘Ko pana, tvaṃ sappurisā’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ ekā bhummadevatā, bhante’’ti devaputto kathento dibbānubhāvena ṭhatvā therassa pādesu nipatitvā ‘‘mayhaṃ, bhante, khamatha, etaṃ dosaṃ thero na jānāti, uposathaṃ karothā’’ti theraṃ yācitvā uposathaggaṃ pavesesi. So thero uposathaṃ tāva ekaṭṭhāne akāsi, mittasanthavavasena pana puna tena saddhiṃ na ekaṭṭhāne ahosīti. Imassa therassa kammaṃ na kathīyati, cuditakatthero pana aparāparaṃ vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

Bhummadevatā tassa kammassa nissandena ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ apāyabhayato na muccittha. Sace pana kismiñci kāle manussattaṃ āgacchati, aññena yena kenaci kato doso tasseva upari patati. So amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. ‘‘Dhānamāṇavo’’tissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā mahallakakāle satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji, tassa upasampannadivasato paṭṭhāya ekā alaṅkatapaṭiyattā itthī tasmiṃ gāmaṃ pavisante saddhiṃyeva gāmaṃ pavisati, nikkhamante nikkhamati. Vihāraṃ pavisantepi saddhiṃ pavisati, tiṭṭhantepi tiṭṭhatīti evaṃ niccānubandhā paññāyati. Thero taṃ na passati. Tassa puna purimakammanissandena sā aññesaṃ upaṭṭhāti. Gāme yāguṃ bhikkhañca dadamānā itthiyo ‘‘bhante, ayaṃ eko yāguuḷuṅko tumhākaṃ, eko imissā amhākaṃ sahāyikāyā’’ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Therassa mahatī vihesā hoti. Vihāragatampi naṃ sāmaṇerā ceva daharā bhikkhū ca parivāretvā ‘‘dhāno koṇḍo jāto’’ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Athassa teneva kāraṇena kuṇḍadhānattheroti nāmaṃ jātaṃ. So uṭṭhāya samuṭṭhāya tehi kariyamānaṃ keḷiṃ sahituṃ asakkonto ummādaṃ gahetvā ‘‘tumhe koṇḍā, tumhākaṃ upajjhāyo koṇḍo, ācariyo koṇḍo’’ti vadati. Atha naṃ satthu ārocesuṃ ‘‘kuṇḍadhāno, bhante, daharasāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ evaṃ pharusavācaṃ vadatī’’ti. Satthā taṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, dhāna, sāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ pharusavācaṃ vadasī’’ti vatvā tena ‘‘saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti vutte ‘‘kasmā evaṃ vadesī’’ti āha. ‘‘Bhante, nibaddhaṃ vihesaṃ asahanto evaṃ kathemī’’ti. ‘‘Tvaṃ pubbe katakammaṃ yāvajjadivasā jīrāpetuṃ na sakkosi, puna evarūpaṃ pharusaṃ māvadī bhikkhū’’ti vatvā āha –

‘‘Māvoca pharusaṃ kañci, vuttā paṭivadeyyu taṃ;

Dukkhā hi sārambhakathā, paṭidaṇḍā phuseyyu taṃ.

‘‘Sace neresi attānaṃ, kaṃso upahato yathā;

Esa pattosi nibbānaṃ, sārambho te na vijjatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 133-134);

Imañca pana tassa therassa mātugāmena saddhiṃ vicaraṇabhāvaṃ kosalaraññopi kathayiṃsu. Rājā ‘‘gacchatha, bhaṇe, vīmaṃsathā’’ti pesetvā sayampi mandeneva parivārena therassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ekamante olokento aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe thero sūcikammaṃ karonto nisinno hoti, sāpi itthī avidūre ṭhāne ṭhitā viya paññāyati. Rājā disvā ‘‘atthidaṃ kāraṇa’’nti tassā ṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Sā tasmiṃ āgacchante therassa vasanapaṇṇasālaṃ paviṭṭhā viya ahosi. Rājāpi tāya saddhiṃ tameva paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā sabbattha olokento adisvā ‘‘nāyaṃ mātugāmo, therassa eko kammavipāko’’ti saññaṃ katvā paṭhamaṃ therassa samīpena gacchantopi theraṃ avanditvā tassa kāraṇassa abhūtabhāvaṃ ñatvā āgamma theraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinno ‘‘kacci, bhante, piṇḍakena na kilamathā’’ti pucchi. Thero ‘‘vaṭṭati, mahārājā’’ti āha. ‘‘Jānāmahaṃ, bhante, ayyassa kathaṃ, evarūpena parikkilesena saddhiṃ carantānaṃ tumhākaṃ ke nāma pasīdissanti, ito paṭṭhāya vo katthaci gamanakiccaṃ natthi, ahaṃ catūhi paccayehi tumhe upaṭṭhahissāmi, tumhe yoniso manasikāre mā pamajjitthā’’ti nibaddhabhikkhaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā bhojanasappāyena ekaggacitto hutvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tato paṭṭhāya sā itthī antaradhāyi.

Tadā mahāsubhaddā ugganagare micchādiṭṭhikakule vasamānā ‘‘satthā maṃ anukampatū’’ti uposathaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirāmagandhā hutvā uparipāsādatale ṭhitā ‘‘imāni pupphāni antare aṭṭhatvā dasabalassa matthake vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhantu, dasabalo imāya saññāya sve pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatū’’ti saccakiriyaṃ katvā aṭṭha sumanapupphamuṭṭhiyo vissajjesi. Pupphāni gantvā dhammadesanāvelāya satthu matthake vitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Satthā taṃ sumanapupphavitānaṃ disvā citteneva subhaddāya bhikkhaṃ adhivāsetvā punadivase aruṇe uṭṭhite ānandattheraṃ āha – ‘‘ānanda, mayaṃ ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissāma, puthujjanānaṃ adatvā ariyānaṃyeva salākaṃ dehī’’ti. Thero bhikkhūnaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘āvuso, satthā ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissati, puthujjanā mā gaṇhantu, ariyāva salākaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti. Kuṇḍadhānatthero ‘‘āhara, āvuso salāka’’nti paṭhamaṃyeva hatthaṃ pasāresi. Ānando ‘‘satthā tādisānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ salākaṃ na dāpeti, ariyānaṃyeva dāpetī’’ti vitakkaṃ uppādetvā gantvā satthu ārocesi. Satthā ‘‘āharāpentassa salākaṃ dehī’’ti āha. Thero cintesi – ‘‘sace kuṇḍadhānassa salākā dātuṃ na yuttā, atha satthā paṭibāheyya, bhavissati ettha kāraṇa’’nti ‘‘kuṇḍadhānassa salākaṃ dassāmī’’ti gamanaṃ abhinīhari. Kuṇḍadhāno tassa pure āgamanā eva abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā iddhiyā ākāse ṭhatvā ‘‘āharāvuso, ānanda, satthā maṃ jānāti, mādisaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantaṃ na satthā nivāretī’’ti hatthaṃ pasāretvā salākaṃ gaṇhi. Satthā taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ imasmiṃ sāsane paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Yasmā ayaṃ thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā sappāyāhāralābhena samāhitacitto vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto upanissayasampannatāya chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.4.1-16) –

‘‘Sattāhaṃ paṭisallīnaṃ, sayambhuṃ aggapuggalaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ.

‘‘Vuṭṭhitaṃ kālamaññāya, padumuttaraṃ mahāmuniṃ;

Mahantiṃ kadalīkaṇṇiṃ, gahetvā upagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Paṭiggahetvā bhagavā, sabbaññū lokanāyako;

Mama cittaṃ pasādento, paribhuñji mahāmuni.

‘‘Paribhuñjitvā sambuddho, satthavāho anuttaro;

Sakāsane nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Ye ca santi samitāro, yakkhā imamhi pabbate;

Araññe bhūtabhabyāni, suṇantu vacanaṃ mama.

‘‘Yo so buddhaṃ upaṭṭhāsi, migarājaṃva kesariṃ;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Ekādasañcakkhattuṃ so, devarājā bhavissati;

Catuvīsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Akkositvāna samaṇe, sīlavante anāsave;

Pāpakammavipākena, nāmadheyyaṃ labhissati.

‘‘Tassa dhamme sudāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Kuṇḍadhānoti nāmena, sāvako so bhavissati.

‘‘Pavivekamanuyutto, jhāyī jhānarato ahaṃ;

Tosayitvāna satthāraṃ, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Sāvakehi parivuto, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, salākaṃ gāhayī jino.

‘‘Ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā, vanditvā lokanāyakaṃ;

Vadataṃ varassa purato, paṭhamaṃ aggahesahaṃ.

‘‘Tena kammena bhagavā, dasasahassikampako;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi maṃ.

‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃbhūtassapi imassa therassa guṇe ajānantā ye puthujjanā bhikkhū tadā paṭhamaṃ salākaggahaṇe ‘‘kiṃ nu kho eta’’nti samacintesuṃ. Tesaṃ vimatividhamanatthaṃ thero ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā aññāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘pañca chinde’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

15.Tattha pañca chindeti apāyūpapattinibbattanakāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni pāde bandhanarajjukaṃ viya puriso satthena heṭṭhimamaggattayena chindeyya pajaheyya. Pañca jaheti uparidevalokūpapattihetubhūtāni pañcuddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni puriso gīvāya bandhanarajjukaṃ viya arahattamaggena jaheyya, chindeyya vāti attho. Pañca cuttari bhāvayeti tesaṃyeva uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya saddhādīni pañcindriyāni uttari anāgāmimaggādhigamato upari bhāveyya aggamaggādhigamavasena vaḍḍheyya. Pañcasaṅgātigoti evaṃbhūto pana pañcannaṃ rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhisaṅgānaṃ atikkamanena pahānena pañcasaṅgātigo hutvā. Bhikkhu oghatiṇṇoti vuccatīti sabbathā bhinnakilesatāya bhikkhūti, kāmabhavadiṭṭhiavijjoghe taritvā tesaṃ pārabhūte nibbāne ṭhitoti ca vuccatīti attho.

Yathāpi bhaddo ājaññoti āyasmato belaṭṭhasīsattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto upanissayasampattiyā abhāvena visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ pana bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhuṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannacitto mātuluṅgaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatito sugatiṃ upagacchanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatto bhagavato abhisambodhiyā puretarameva uruvelakassapassa santike tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā aggiṃ paricaranto uruvelakassapadamane ādittapariyāyadesanāya (mahāva. 54; saṃ. ni. 4.28) purāṇajaṭilasahassena saddhiṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.68-73) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, puṇṇamāyeva candimaṃ;

Jalantaṃ dīparukkhaṃva, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Mātuluṅgaphalaṃ gayha, adāsiṃ satthuno ahaṃ;

Dakkhiṇeyyassa vīrassa, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ adhigatārahatto āyasmato dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa upajjhāyo ayaṃ thero ekadivasaṃ phalasamāpattito uṭṭhāya taṃ santaṃ paṇītaṃ nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ attano pubbayogañca paccavekkhitvā pītivegavasena ‘‘yathāpi bhaddo ājañño’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

16.Tattha yathāpīti opammapaṭipādanatthe nipāto. Bhaddoti sundaro thāmabalasamatthajavaparakkamādisampanno. Ājaññoti ājānīyo jātimā kāraṇākāraṇānaṃ ājānanako. So tividho usabhājañño assājañño hatthājaññoti. Tesu usabhājañño idhādhippeto. So ca kho chekakasanakicce niyutto, tenāha ‘‘naṅgalāvattanī’’ti. Naṅgalassa phālassa āvattanako, naṅgalaṃ ito cito ca āvattetvā khette kasanakoti attho. Naṅgalaṃ vā āvattayati etthāti naṅgalāvattaṃ, khette naṅgalapatho, tasmiṃ naṅgalāvattani. Gāthāsukhatthañhettha ‘‘vattanī’’ti dīghaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Sikhīti matthake avaṭṭhānato sikhāsadisatāya sikhā, siṅgaṃ. Tadassa atthīti sikhī. Apare pana ‘‘kakudhaṃ idha ‘sikhā’ti adhippeta’’nti vadanti, ubhayathāpi padhānaṅgakittanametaṃ ‘‘sikhī’’ti. Appakasirenāti appakilamathena. Rattindivāti rattiyo divā ca, evaṃ mamaṃ appakasirena gacchantīti yojanā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ‘‘bhaddo usabhājānīyo kasane niyutto ghanatiṇamūlādikepi naṅgalapathe taṃ agaṇento appakasirena ito cito ca parivattento gacchati, yāva kasanatiṇānaṃ parissamaṃ dasseti, evaṃ mamaṃ rattindivāpi appakasireneva gacchanti atikkamantī’’ti. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘sukhe laddhe nirāmise’’ti. Yasmā kāmāmisalokāmisavaṭṭāmisehi asammissaṃ santaṃ paṇītaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ laddhaṃ, tasmāti attho. Paccatte cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ yathā ‘‘vanappagumbe’’ (khu. pā. 6.13; su. ni. 236) ‘‘tena vata re vattabbe’’ti (kathā. 1) ca. Atha vā tato pabhuti rattindivā appakasirena gacchantīti vicāraṇāya āha – ‘‘sukhe laddhe nirāmise’’ti, nirāmise sukhe laddhe sati tassa laddhakālato paṭṭhāyāti attho.

Middhī yadāti āyasmato dāsakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito ekanavute kappe anuppanne tathāgate ajitassa nāma paccekabuddhassa gandhamādanato manussapathaṃ otaritvā aññatarasmiṃ gāme piṇḍāya carantassa manoramāni ambaphalāni adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle sāsane pabbajitvā vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ kusalakammappasuto hutvā sugatito sugatiṃ upagacchanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kulagehe nibbatti. Dāsakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā vihārapaṭijagganakamme ṭhapito sakkaccaṃ vihāraṃ paṭijagganto abhiṇhaṃ buddhadassanena dhammassavanena ca paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Keci pana bhaṇanti – ‘‘ayaṃ kassapassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto aññataraṃ khīṇāsavattheraṃ upaṭṭhahanto kiñci kammaṃ kārāpetukāmo theraṃ āṇāpesi. So tena kammena amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthiyaṃ anāthapiṇḍikassa dāsiyā kucchimhi nibbatto vayappatto seṭṭhinā vihārapaṭijaggane ṭhapito vuttanayeneva paṭiladdhasaddho ahosi. Mahāseṭṭhi tassa sīlācāraṃ ajjhāsayañca ñatvā bhujissaṃ katvā ‘yathāsukhaṃ pabbajā’ti āha. Taṃ bhikkhū pabbājesu’’nti. So pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya kusīto hīnavīriyo hutvā na kiñci vattapaṭivattaṃ karoti, kuto samaṇadhammaṃ, kevalaṃ yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjitvā niddābahulo viharati. Dhammassavanakālepi ekaṃ koṇaṃ pavisitvā parisapariyante nisinno ghurughurupassāsī niddāyateva. Athassa bhagavā pubbūpanissayaṃ oloketvā saṃvegajananatthaṃ ‘‘middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso cā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

17.Tattha middhīti thinamiddhābhibhūto, yañhi middhaṃ abhibhavati, taṃ thinampi abhibhavateva. Yadāti yasmiṃ kāle. Mahagghasoti mahābhojano, āharahatthakaalaṃsāṭakatatthavaṭṭakakākamāsakabhuttavamitakānaṃ aññataro viya. Niddāyitāti supanasīlo. Samparivattasāyīti samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ nipajjitvā ubhayenapi seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyuttoti dasseti. Nivāpapuṭṭhoti kuṇḍakādinā sūkarabhattena puṭṭho bharito. Gharasūkaro hi bālakālato paṭṭhāya posiyamāno thūlasarīrakāle gehā bahi nikkhamituṃ alabhanto heṭṭhāmañcādīsu samparivattetvā samparivattetvā sayateva. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yadā puriso middhī ca hoti mahagghaso ca nivāpapuṭṭho mahāvarāho viya aññena iriyāpathena yāpetuṃ asakkonto niddāyanasīlo samparivattasāyī, tadā so ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’’ti tīṇi lakkhaṇāni manasikātuṃ na sakkoti. Tesaṃ amanasikārā mandapañño punappunaṃ gabbhaṃ upeti, gabbhāvāsato na parimuccatevāti. Taṃ sutvā dāsakatthero saṃvegajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.74, 80-84) –

‘‘Ajito nāma sambuddho, himavante vasī tadā;

Caraṇena ca sampanno, samādhikusalo muni.

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇe sambuddhe, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahe;

Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjante, ambaphalamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero imāya gāthāya maṃ bhagavā ovadi, ‘‘ayaṃ gāthā mayhaṃ aṅkusabhūtā’’ti tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi. Tayidaṃ therassa parivattāhāranayena aññābyākaraṇaṃ jātaṃ.

Ahu buddhassa dāyādoti siṅgālakapituttherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito catunavute kappe sataraṃsiṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā attano hatthagataṃ tālaphalaṃ adāsi. Tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle manussayoniyaṃ nibbatto sāsane paṭiladdhasaddho hutvā pabbajitvā aṭṭhikasaññaṃ bhāvesi. Puna imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto dārapariggahaṃ katvā ekaṃ puttaṃ labhitvā tassa ‘‘siṅgālako’’ti nāmaṃ akāsi. Tena naṃ siṅgālakapitāti voharanti. So aparabhāge gharabandhanaṃ pahāya sāsane pabbaji. Tassa bhagavā ajjhāsayaṃ olokento aṭṭhikasaññākammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So taṃ gahetvā bhaggesu viharati susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane, athassa tasmiṃ vane adhivatthā devatā ussāhajananatthaṃ ‘‘bhāvanāphalaṃ nacirasseva hatthagataṃ karissatī’’ti imamatthaṃ aññāpadesena vibhāventī ‘‘ahu buddhassa dāyādo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

18.Tattha ahūti hoti, vattamānatthe hi idaṃ atītakālavacanaṃ. Buddhassāti sabbaññubuddhassa. Dāyādoti dhammadāyādo navavidhassa lokuttaradhammadāyassa attano sammāpaṭipattiyā ādāyako gaṇhanako. Atha vā ahūti ahosi. Evaṃnāmassa buddhassa dāyādabhāve koci vibandho idāneva bhavissatīti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘maññehaṃ kāmarāgaṃ so, khippameva vahissatī’’ti. Bhesakaḷāvaneti bhesakena nāma yakkhena labhitattā pariggahitattā, bhesakaḷānaṃ vā kaṭṭhādīnaṃ bahulatāya ‘‘bhesakaḷāvana’’nti laddhanāme araññe. Tassa bhikkhuno buddhassa dāyādabhāve kāraṇaṃ vadanto ‘‘kevalaṃ aṭṭhisaññāya, apharī pathaviṃ ima’’nti āha. Tattha kevalanti sakalaṃ anavasesaṃ. Aṭṭhisaññāyāti aṭṭhikabhāvanāya. Apharīti ‘‘aṭṭhī’’ti adhimuccanavasena patthari. Pathavinti attabhāvapathaviṃ. Attabhāvo hi idha ‘‘pathavī’’ti vutto ‘‘ko imaṃ pathaviṃ viccessatī’’tiādīsu viya. Maññehanti maññe ahaṃ. ‘‘Maññāha’’ntipi pāṭho. Soti so bhikkhu. Khippameva nacirasseva kāmarāgaṃ pahissati pajahissatīti maññe. Kasmā? Aṭṭhikasaññāya kāmarāgassa ujupaṭipakkhabhāvato. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo ekasmiṃ padese laddhāya atthikasaññāya sakalaṃ attano sabbesaṃ vā attabhāvaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhī’’tveva pharitvā ṭhito, so bhikkhu taṃ aṭṭhikajhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanto nacireneva anāgāmimaggena kāmarāgaṃ, sabbaṃ vā kāmanaṭṭhena ‘‘kāmo’’, rañjanaṭṭhena ‘‘rāgo’’ti ca laddhanāmaṃ taṇhaṃ aggamaggena pajahissatīti. Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā so thero ‘‘ayaṃ devatā mayhaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ evamāhā’’ti appaṭivānavīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.85-90) –

‘‘Sataraṃsī nāma bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;

Vivekā uṭṭhahitvāna, gocarāyābhinikkhami.

‘‘Phalahattho ahaṃ disvā, upagacchiṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, tālaphalamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā tāya devatāya vuttavacanaṃ patimānento tameva gāthaṃ udānavasena abhāsi. Tadevassa therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Udakañhi nayantīti āyasmato kulattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira thero pubbepi vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā adhikārasampanno vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ ākāse gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso nāḷikeraphalaṃ dātukāmo aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassa cittaṃ ñatvā otaritvā paṭiggaṇhi. So ativiya pasannacitto hutvā teneva saddhāpaṭilābhena satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yāci, satthā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘imaṃ purisaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. So pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado samaṇadhammaṃ katvā tato cuto chapi buddhantarāni devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Kulotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto sāsane laddhappasādo bhagavato santike pabbajitvā vikkhepabahulatāya visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Athekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisanto antarāmagge bhūmiṃ khaṇitvā udakavāhakaṃ katvā icchiticchitaṭṭhāne udakaṃ nente purise disvā taṃ sallakkhetvā gāmaṃ paviṭṭho aññataraṃ usukāraṃ usudaṇḍakaṃ usuyante pakkhipitvā akkhikoṭiyā oloketvā ujuṃ karontaṃ disvā tampi sallakkhetvā gacchanto purato gantvā araneminābhiādike rathacakkāvayave tacchante tacchake disvā tampi sallakkhetvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā katabhattakicco pattacīvaraṃ paṭisāmetvā divāvihāre nisinno attanā diṭṭhanimittāni upamābhāvena gahetvā attano cittadamane upanento ‘‘acetanaṃ udakampi manussā icchikicchitaṭṭhānaṃ nayanti tathā acetanaṃ vaṅkampi saradaṇḍaṃ upāyena namento ujuṃ karonti, tathā acetanaṃ kaṭṭhakaḷiṅgarādiṃ tacchakā nemiādivasena vaṅkaṃ ujuñca karonti. Atha kasmā ahaṃ sakacittaṃ ujuṃ na karissāmī’’ti cintetvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.91-99) –

‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, ārāmiko ahaṃ tadā;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase.

‘‘Nāḷikeraphalaṃ gayha, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;

Ākāse ṭhitako santo, paṭiggaṇhi mahāyaso.

‘‘Vittisañjanano mayhaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho;

Phalaṃ buddhassa datvāna, vippasannena cetasā.

‘‘Adhigacchiṃ tadā pītiṃ, vipulañca sukhuttamaṃ;

Uppajjateva ratanaṃ, nibbattassa tahiṃ tahiṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Dibbacakkhu visuddhaṃ me, samādhikusalo ahaṃ;

Abhiññāpāramippatto, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Evaṃ yāni nimittāni aṅkuse katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, tehi saddhiṃ attano cittadamanaṃ saṃsanditvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘udakañhi nayanti nettikā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

19.Tattha udakaṃ hīti hi-saddo nipātamattaṃ. Nayantīti pathaviyā taṃ taṃ thalaṭṭhānaṃ khaṇitvā ninnaṭṭhānaṃ pūretvā mātikaṃ vā katvā rukkhadoṇiṃ vā ṭhapetvā attano icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ nenti. Tathā te nentīti nettikā. Tejananti kaṇḍaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – nettikā attano ruciyā icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ udakaṃ nayanti, usukārāpi tāpetvā tejanaṃ namayanti ujuṃ karonti. Namanavasena tacchakā nemiādīnaṃ atthāya tacchantā dāruṃ namayanti attano ruciyā ujuṃ vā vaṅkaṃ vā karonti. Evaṃ ettakaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā subbatā yathāsamādinnena sīlādinā sundaravatā dhīrā sotāpattimaggādīnaṃ uppādentā attānaṃ damenti, arahattaṃ pana pattesu ekantadantā nāma hontīti.

Maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthīti āyasmato ajitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ekanavute kappe vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannacitto kapitthaphalaṃ adāsi. Tato parampi taṃ taṃ puññaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ kappe anuppanne eva amhākaṃ satthari sāvatthiyaṃ mahākosalarañño aggāsaniyassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa ajitoti nāmaṃ ahosi. Tasmiñca samaye sāvatthivāsī bāvarī nāma brāhmaṇo tīhi mahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sāvatthito nikkhamitvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā godhāvarītīre kapitthārāme vasati. Atha ajito tassa santike pabbajito atthakāmāya devatāya coditena bāvarinā satthu santikaṃ pesito tissametteyyādīhi saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā manasāva pañhe pucchitvā tesu vissajjitesu pasannacitto satthu santike pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.52.7-11) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;

Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, kapitthaṃ adadiṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ dadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patto sīhanādaṃ nadanto ‘‘maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

20.Tattha maraṇeti maraṇanimittaṃ maraṇahetu. Meti mayhaṃ, bhayaṃ natthi ucchinnabhavamūlatāya parikkhīṇajātikattā. Anucchinnabhavamūlānañhi ‘‘kīdisī nu kho mayhaṃ āyatiṃ uppattī’’ti maraṇato bhayaṃ bhaveyya. Nikantīti apekkhā taṇhā, sā natthi jīvite suparimadditasaṅkhāratāya upādānakkhandhānaṃ dukkhāsārakādibhāvena suṭṭhu upaṭṭhahanato. Evaṃbhūto cāhaṃ sandehaṃ sarīraṃ, sakaṃ vā dehaṃ dehasaṅkhātaṃ dukkhabhāraṃ nikkhipissāmi chaḍḍessāmi, nikkhipanto ca ‘‘‘iminā sarīrakena sādhetabbaṃ sādhitaṃ, idāni taṃ ekaṃsena chaḍḍanīyamevā’ti paññāvepullappattiyā sampajāno sativepullappattiyā paṭissato nikkhipissāmī’’ti. Imaṃ pana gāthaṃ vatvā thero jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tadanantaraṃ parinibbāyīti.