5. Pañcamavaggo

Aho buddhā aho dhammāti āyasmato kumārakassapattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pāpuṇi. ‘‘Kulagehe’’ti pana aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.217) vuttaṃ. So satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ cittakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ ākaṅkhanto paṇidhānaṃ katvā tadanurūpāni puññāni karonto kassapassa bhagavato kāle samaṇadhammaṃ katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe seṭṭhidhītāya kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Sā kira kumārikākāleyeva pabbajitukāmā hutvā mātāpitaro yācitvā pabbajjaṃ alabhamānā kulagharaṃ gatāpi gabbhasaṇṭhitampi ajānantī sāmikaṃ ārādhetvā tena anuññātā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitā. Tassā gabbhinibhāvaṃ disvā bhikkhuniyo devadattaṃ pucchiṃsu. So ‘‘assamaṇī’’ti āha. Puna dasabalaṃ pucchiṃsu. Satthā upālittheraṃ paṭicchāpesi. Thero sāvatthinagaravāsīni kulāni visākhañca upāsikaṃ pakkosāpetvā sarājikāya parisāya vinicchinanto ‘‘pure laddho gabbho, pabbajjā arogā’’ti āha. Satthā ‘‘suvinicchitaṃ adhikaraṇa’’nti therassa sādhukāraṃ adāsi.

Sā bhikkhunī suvaṇṇabimbasadisaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi. Taṃ rājā pasenadikosalo posesi. ‘‘Kassapo’’ti cassa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Aparabhāge alaṅkaritvā satthu santikaṃ netvā pabbājesi. Kumārakāle pabbajitattā bhagavatā ‘‘kassapaṃ pakkosatha, idaṃ phalaṃ vā khādanīyaṃ vā kassapassa dethā’’ti vutte ‘‘katarakassapassā’’ti. ‘‘Kumārakassapassā’’ti. Evaṃ gahitanāmattā rañño posāvanikaputtattā ca vuḍḍhakālepi kumārakassapotveva paññāyittha.

So pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya vipassanāya ceva kammaṃ karoti, buddhavacanañca uggaṇhāti. Atha tena saddhiṃ pabbatamatthake samaṇadhammaṃ katvā anāgāmī hutvā suddhāvāse nibbatto mahābrahmā ‘‘vipassanāya mukhaṃ dassetvā maggaphalappattiyā upāyaṃ karissāmī’’ti pañcadasa pañhe abhisaṅkharitvā andhavane vasantassa therassa ‘‘ime pañhe satthāraṃ puccheyyāsī’’ti ācikkhitvā gato. So te pañhe bhagavantaṃ pucchi. Bhagavāpissa byākāsi. Thero satthārā kathitaniyāmeneva te uggaṇhitvā vipassanaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54.150-177) –

‘‘Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako;

Sabbalokahito vīro, padumuttaranāmako.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ brāhmaṇo hutvā, vissuto vedapāragū;

Divāvihāraṃ vicaraṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Catusaccaṃ pakāsentaṃ, bodhayantaṃ sadevakaṃ;

Vicittakathikānaggaṃ, vaṇṇayantaṃ mahājane.

‘‘Tadā muditacittohaṃ, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;

Nānārattehi vatthehi, alaṅkaritvāna maṇḍapaṃ.

‘‘Nānāratanapajjotaṃ, sasaṅghaṃ bhojayiṃ tahiṃ;

Bhojayitvāna sattāhaṃ, nānaggarasabhojanaṃ.

‘‘Nānācittehi pupphehi, pūjayitvā sasāvakaṃ;

Nipacca pādamūlamhi, taṃ ṭhāna patthayiṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Tadā munivaro āha, karuṇekarasāsayo;

Passathetaṃ dijavaraṃ, padumānanalocanaṃ.

‘‘Pītipāmojjabahulaṃ, samuggatatanūruhaṃ;

Hāsamhitavisālakkhaṃ, mama sāsanalālasaṃ.

‘‘Patitaṃ pādamūle me, ekāvatthasumānasaṃ;

Esa pattheti taṃ ṭhānaṃ, vicittakathikattanaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;

Kumārakassapo nāma, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Vicittapupphadussānaṃ, ratanānañca vāhasā;

Vicittakathikānaṃ so, aggataṃ pāpuṇissati.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Paribbhamaṃ bhavābhave, raṅgamajjhe yathā naṭo;

Sākhamigatrajo hutvā, migiyā kucchimokkamiṃ.

‘‘Tadā mayi kucchigate, vajjhavāro upaṭṭhito;

Sākhena cattā me mātā, nigrodhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā.

‘‘Tena sā migarājena, maraṇā parimocitā;

Pariccajitvā sapāṇaṃ, mamevaṃ ovadī tadā.

‘‘Nigrodhameva seveyya, na sākhamupasaṃvase;

Nigrodhasmiṃ mataṃ seyyo, yañce sākhamhi jīvitaṃ.

‘‘Tenānusiṭṭhā migayūthapena, ahañca mātā ca tathetare ca;

Āgamma rammaṃ tusitādhivāsaṃ, gatā pavāsaṃ sagharaṃ yatheva.

‘‘Puno kassapavīrassa, atthamentamhi sāsane;

Āruyha selasikharaṃ, yuñjitvā jinasāsanaṃ.

‘‘Idānāhaṃ rājagahe, jāto seṭṭhikule ahuṃ;

Āpannasattā me mātā, pabbaji anagāriyaṃ.

‘‘Sagabbhaṃ taṃ viditvāna, devadattamupānayuṃ;

So avoca vināsetha, pāpikaṃ bhikkhuniṃ imaṃ.

‘‘Idānipi munindena, jinena anukampitā;

Sukhinī ajanī mayhaṃ, mātā bhikkhunupassaye.

‘‘Taṃ viditvā mahīpālo, kosalo maṃ aposayi;

Kumāraparihānena, nāmenāhañca kassapo.

‘‘Mahākassapamāgamma, ahaṃ kumārakassapo;

Vammikasadisaṃ kāyaṃ, sutvā buddhena desitaṃ.

‘‘Tato cittaṃ vimucci me, anupādāya sabbaso;

Pāyāsiṃ damayitvāhaṃ, etadaggamapāpuṇiṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā cittakathikabhāvena satthārā etadagge ṭhapito attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā ratanattayaguṇavibhāvanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto –

‘‘Aho buddhā aho dhammā, aho no satthu sampadā;

Yattha etādisaṃ dhammaṃ, sāvako sacchikāhiti.

‘‘Asaṅkheyyesu kappesu, sakkāyādhigatā ahū;

Tesamayaṃ pacchimako, carimoyaṃ samussayo;

Jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;

Tattha ahoti acchariyatthe nipāto. Buddhāti sabbaññubuddhā, gāravavasena bahuvacanaṃ, aho acchariyā sambuddhāti attho. Dhammāti pariyattidhammena saddhiṃ nava lokuttaradhammā. Aho no satthu sampadāti amhākaṃ satthu dasabalassa aho sampattiyo. Yatthāti yasmiṃ satthari brahmacariyavāsena. Etādisaṃ dhammaṃ, sāvako sacchikāhitīti etādisaṃ evarūpaṃ suvisuddhajjhānābhiññāparivāraṃ anavasesakilesakkhayāvahaṃ santaṃ paṇītaṃ anuttaraṃ dhammaṃ sāvakopi nāma sacchikarissati, tasmā evaṃvidhaguṇavisesādhigamahetubhūtā aho acchariyā buddhā bhagavanto, acchariyā dhammaguṇā, acchariyā amhākaṃ satthu sampattiyoti ratanattayassa guṇādhimuttiṃ pavedesīti. Dhammasampattikittaneneva hi saṅghasuppaṭipatti kittitā hotīti.

Evaṃ sādhāraṇavasena dassitaṃ dhammassa sacchikiriyaṃ idāni attupanāyikaṃ katvā dassento ‘‘asaṅkheyyesū’’ti gāthamāha. Tattha asaṅkheyyesūti gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattesu mahākappesu. Sakkāyāti pañcupādānakkhandhā. Te hi paramatthato vijjamānadhammasamūhatāya ‘‘sakkāyā’’ti vuccanti. Ahūti nivattanūpāyassa anadhigatattā anapagatā ahesuṃ. Tesamayaṃ pacchimako carimoyaṃ samussayoti yasmā ayaṃ sabbapacchimako, tato eva carimo, tasmā jātimaraṇasahito khandhādipaṭipāṭisaññito saṃsāro idāni āyatiṃ punabbhavābhāvato punabbhavo natthi, ayamantimā jātīti attho.

Yo have daharo bhikkhūti āyasmato dhammapālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto kenacideva karaṇīyena vanantaṃ upagato satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso pilakkhaphalamadāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde satthari parinibbute avantiraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā dhammapāloti laddhanāmo vayappatto takkasilaṃ gantvā sippaṃ uggahetvā paṭinivattento antarāmagge ekasmiṃ vihāre aññataraṃ theraṃ disvā tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.39.21-25) –

‘‘Vanantare buddhaṃ disvā, atthadassiṃ mahāyasaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, pilakkhassādadiṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ phalamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā samāpattisukhena vītināmento ekadivasaṃ tasmiṃ vihāre dve sāmaṇere rukkhagge pupphāni ocinante ārūḷhasākhāya bhaggāya patante disvā thero iddhānubhāvena hatthena gahetvā arogeyeva bhūmiyaṃ ṭhapetvā tesaṃ sāmaṇerānaṃ dhammaṃ desento –

‘‘Yo have daharo bhikkhu, yuñjati buddhasāsane;

Jāgaro sa hi suttesu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ.

‘‘Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ;

Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. – imā dve gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha yoti aniyamavacanaṃ. Haveti daḷhatthe nipāto. Daharoti taruṇo. Bhikkhatīti bhikkhu. Yuñjatīti ghaṭati vāyamati. Jāgaroti jāgaraṇadhammasamannāgato. Suttesūti supantesu. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti yo bhikkhu daharova samāno taruṇo ‘‘tathāhaṃ pacchā vuḍḍhakāle jānissāmī’’ti acintetvā buddhānaṃ sāsane appamādapaṭipattiyaṃ yuñjati samathavipassanābhāvanāya yogaṃ karoti, so suttesu avijjāniddāya suttesu pamattesu saddhādijāgaradhammasamannāgamena jāgaro, tato eva attahitaparahitapāripūriyā amoghaṃ avañjhaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ, yasmā ca etadevaṃ, tasmā saddhañca ‘‘atthi kammaṃ atthi kammavipāko’’tiādinayappavattaṃ kammaphalasaddhañca, saddhūpanibandhattā sīlassa tadupanissayaṃ catupārisuddhisīlañca, ‘‘sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākhāto dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅgho’’ti evaṃ pavattaratanattayappasādañca, vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya pariññādivasena catusaccadhammadassanañca medhāvī dhammojapaññāya samannāgato bhikkhu buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ ovādaṃ anusiṭṭhiṃ anussaranto ādittampi attano sīsaṃ ajjhupekkhitvā anuyuñjetha, tattha anuyogaṃ ātappaṃ kareyyāti attho.

Kassindriyāni samathaṅgatānīti āyasmato brahmālittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā pādaphalaṃ adāsi. Satthā anumodanaṃ vatvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā brahmālīti laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto hetusampattiyā codiyamāno saṃsāre sañjātasaṃvego tādisena kalyāṇamittasannissayena buddhasāsane pabbajitvā patirūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharanto ñāṇassa paripākagatattā nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.51.63-67) –

‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;

Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, pādaphalaṃ adāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā maggasukhena phalasukhena vītināmento ekadivasaṃ padhānapariggāhakena therena tasmiṃ araññāyatane bhikkhū uddissa vuttaṃ padhānānuyogaṃ pariggaṇhanto –

‘‘Kassindriyāni samathaṅgatāni, assā yathā sārathinā sudantā;

Pahīnamānassa anāsavassa, devāpi kassa pihayanti tādino.

‘‘Mayhindriyāni samathaṅgatāni, assā yathā sārathinā sudantā;

Pahīnamānassa anāsavassa, devāpi mayhaṃ pihayanti tādino’’ti. –

Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.

Tassattho – imasmiṃ araññāyatane vasantesu bhikkhūsu kassa bhikkhuno therassa vā navassa vā majjhimassa vā chekena sārathinā sudantā assā viya manacchaṭṭhāni indriyāni samathaṃ dantabhāvaṃ nibbisevanabhāvaṃ gatāni. Kassa navavidhampi mānaṃ pahāya ṭhitattā pahīnamānassa catunnampi āsavānaṃ abhāvena anāsavassa iṭṭhādīsu tādilakkhaṇappattiyā tādino devāpi pihayanti manussāpi sammāpaṭipattidassanādinā ca ādarena patthentīti.

Tattha ca gāthāyaṃ purimaḍḍhena anāgāmimaggādhigamo puṭṭho, anāgāminopi hi indriyāni pahīnakāmarāgabyāpādatāya samathaṃ nibbisevanataṃ gatāni honti. Itarena arahattamaggapaṭilābho, arahā hi ‘‘pahīnamāno anāsavo tādī’’ti ca vuccati.

Athāyasmā brahmāli padhānapariggāhakena vuttaṃ ‘‘kassindriyānī’’ti gāthaṃ paccanubhāsi. Tadatthaṃ attūpanāyikavasena vissajjento ‘‘mayhindriyānī’’tiādikāya dutiyagāthāya aññaṃ byākāsi, tattha mayhindriyānīti mama cakkhādīni indriyāni. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Chavipāpaka cittabhaddakāti āyasmato mogharājattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ lūkhacīvaradharānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ ākaṅkhanto paṇidhānaṃ katvā tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gato brāhmaṇamāṇave vijjāsippāni sikkhāpento ekadivasaṃ atthadassiṃ bhagavantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaparivutaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā sirasi añjaliṃ katvā ‘‘yāvatā rūpino sattā’’tiādinā chahi gāthāhi abhitthavitvā bhājanaṃ pūretvā madhuṃ upanāmesi. Satthā madhuṃ paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ akāsi.

So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle kaṭṭhavāhanassa nāma rañño amacco hutvā tena satthu ānayanatthaṃ purisasahassena pesito satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vīsativassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ katvā tato cuto ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā mogharājāti laddhanāmo bāvarībrāhmaṇassa santike uggahitasippo saṃvegajāto tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā tāpasasahassaparivāro ajitādīhi saddhiṃ satthu santikaṃ pesito tesaṃ pannarasamo hutvā pañhe pucchitvā pañhavissajjanapariyosāne arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.4.64-83) –

‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;

Bhikkhusaṅghaparibyūḷho, rathiyaṃ paṭipajjatha.

‘‘Sissehi samparivuto, gharamhā abhinikkhamiṃ;

Nikkhamitvānahaṃ tattha, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Abhivādiya sambuddhaṃ, sire katvāna añjaliṃ;

Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, santhaviṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Yāvatā rūpino sattā, arūpī vā asaññino;

Sabbe te tava ñāṇamhi, anto honti samogadhā.

‘‘Sukhumacchikajālena, udakaṃ yo parikkhipe;

Ye keci udake pāṇā, antojāle bhavanti te.

‘‘Yesañca cetanā atthi, rūpino ca arūpino;

Sabbe te tava ñāṇamhi, anto honti samogadhā.

‘‘Samuddharasimaṃ lokaṃ, andhakārasamākulaṃ;

Tava dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, kaṅkhāsotaṃ taranti te.

‘‘Avijjānivute loke, andhakārena otthaṭe;

Tava ñāṇamhi jotante, andhakārā padhaṃsitā.

‘‘Tuvaṃ cakkhūsi sabbesaṃ, mahātamapanūdano;

Tava dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, nibbāyati bahujjano.

‘‘Puṭakaṃ pūrayitvāna, madhukhuddamaneḷakaṃ;

Ubho hatthehi paggayha, upanesiṃ mahesino.

‘‘Paṭiggaṇhi mahāvīro, sahatthena mahā isi;

Bhuñjitvā tañca sabbaññū, vehāsaṃ nabhamuggami.

‘‘Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, atthadassī narāsabho;

Mama cittaṃ pasādento, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yenidaṃ thavitaṃ ñāṇaṃ, buddhaseṭṭho ca thomito;

Tena cittappasādena, duggatiṃ so na gacchati.

‘‘Catuddasañca khattuṃ so, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Pathabyā rajjaṃ aṭṭhasataṃ, vasudhaṃ āvasissati.

‘‘Pañceva satakkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati;

Padesarajjaṃ asaṅkheyyaṃ, mahiyā kārayissati.

‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;

Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissati.

‘‘Gambhīraṃ nipuṇaṃ atthaṃ, ñāṇena vicinissati;

Mogharājāti nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Tīhi vijjāhi sampannaṃ, katakiccamanāsavaṃ;

Gotamo satthavāhaggo, etadagge ṭhapessati.

‘‘Hitvā mānusakaṃ yogaṃ, chetvāna bhavabandhanaṃ;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthalūkhaṃ suttalūkhaṃ rajanalūkhanti visesena tividhenapi lūkhena samannāgataṃ paṃsukūlaṃ dhāresi. Tena naṃ satthā lūkhacīvaradharānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Aparabhāge purimakammappaccayā parihārassa akaraṇato therassa sarīre daddupīḷakādīni uppajjitvā vaḍḍhiṃsu. So ‘‘senāsanaṃ dussatī’’ti hemantepi magadhakkhettesu palālasanthārāni attharitvā seti. Taṃ ekadivasaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ satthā paṭisanthāravasena ‘‘chavipāpakā’’tiādinā paṭhamagāthāya pucchi.

207.Tattha chavipāpakāti daddukacchupīḷakāhi bhinnacchavibhāvato hīnacchavika duṭṭhacchavika. Cittabhaddakāti anavasesakilesappahānena brahmavihārasevanāya ca bhaddacitta sundaracitta. Mogharājāti tassa ālapanaṃ. Satataṃ samāhitoti aggaphalasamādhinā niccakālaṃ abhiṇhaṃ samāhitamānaso. Hemantikasītakālarattiyoti hemantasamaye sītakālarattiyo. Accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. ‘‘Hemantikā sītakālarattiyo’’tipi pāḷi. Tattha hemantikāti hemantogadhā hemantapariyāpannāti attho. Bhikkhu tvaṃ sīti bhikkhu ko tvaṃ asi, evaṃbhūto paresu tava senāsanaṃ katvā adentesu saṅghikañca senāsanaṃ apavisanto. Kathaṃ karissasīti yathāvutte sītakāle kathaṃ attabhāvaṃ pavattesīti satthā pucchi. Evaṃ pana puṭṭho thero satthu tamatthaṃ kathento –

‘‘Sampannasassā magadhā, kevalā iti me sutaṃ;

Palālacchannako seyyaṃ, yathaññe sukhajīvino’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Tattha sampannasassāti nipphannasassā. Magadhāti magadharaṭṭhaṃ vadati. Magadhā nāma jānapadino rājakumārā, tesaṃ nivāso ekopi janapado ruḷhīvasena ‘‘magadhā’’tveva bahuvacanena vuccati. Kevalāti anavasesā. Iti me sutanti evaṃ mayā sutaṃ. Tattha yo adiṭṭho padeso, tassa vasena sutanti vuttaṃ. Tena edise kāle magadhesu yattha katthaci mayā vasituṃ sakkāti dasseti. Palālacchannako seyyaṃ, yathaññe sukhajīvinoti yathā aññe sukhajīvino bhikkhū senāsanasappāyaṃ laddhā sundarehi attharaṇapāvuraṇehi sukhena sayanti, evaṃ ahampi palālasanthārameva heṭṭhā santharitvā upari tiriyañca palālacchadaneneva chāditasarīratāya palālacchannako seyyaṃ sayiṃ, seyyaṃ kappesinti attano yathālābhasantosaṃ vibhāveti.

Na ukkhipe no ca parikkhipe pareti āyasmato visākhassa pañcālaputtassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito cuddase kappe paccantagāme daliddakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ phalapariyesanaṃ carantehi tasmiṃ gāme manussehi saddhiṃ araññaṃ gato tattha ekaṃ paccekabuddhaṃ disvā pasannamānaso valliphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe maṇḍalikarājakule nibbattitvā visākhoti laddhanāmo pañcālarājadhītuyā puttabhāvato pacchā pañcālaputtoti paññāyittha. So pitari mate rajjaṃ kārento satthari attano gāmasamīpagate satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā satthārā saddhiṃ sāvatthiṃ gato vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.39.31-36) –

‘‘Sabbe janā samāgamma, agamiṃsu vanaṃ tadā;

Phalamanvesamānā te, alabhiṃsu phalaṃ tadā.

‘‘Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, sayambhuṃ aparājitaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, valliphalamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Catuddase ito kappe, yaṃ phalamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā thero ñātīnaṃ anukampāya jātibhūmiṃ agamāsi. Tattha manussā theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā kālena kālaṃ dhammaṃ suṇantā ekadivasaṃ ‘‘katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato dhammakathiko hotī’’ti dhammakathikalakkhaṇaṃ pucchiṃsu. Thero tesaṃ dhammakathikalakkhaṇaṃ kathento –

‘‘Na ukkhipe no ca parikkhipe pare, na okkhipe pāragataṃ na eraye;

Na cattavaṇṇaṃ parisāsu byāhare, anuddhato sammitabhāṇi subbato.

‘‘Susukhumanipuṇatthadassinā, matikusalena nivātavuttinā;

Saṃsevitabuddhasīlinā, nibbānaṃ na hi tena dullabha’’nti. –

Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha na ukkhipeti attānaṃ na ukkhipeyya, jātiādīhi bāhusaccādīhi ca attukkaṃsanaṃ na kareyya. No ca parikkhipe pareti pare parapuggale teheva jātiādīhi no parikkhipe paricchinditvā na khipeyya guṇaparidhaṃsanavasena vā na khipeyya. Na okkhipe pare iccevaṃ sambandho. Pare ojjhāpanavasena na okkhipe heṭṭhato katvā pare na olokāpeyya, na ojjhāpeyyāti attho. ‘‘Na ukkhipe’’ti keci paṭhanti, so evattho. Pāragatanti saṃsārapāraṃ viya vijjāya pāraṃ gataṃ khīṇāsavaṃ tevijjaṃ chaḷabhiññaṃ vā na eraye na ghaṭṭaye na āsādeyya. Na cattavaṇṇaṃ parisāsu byāhareti attano vaṇṇaṃ guṇaṃ lābhasakkārasilokaṃ nikāmayamāno khattiyaparisādīsu na bhāseyya. Anuddhatoti uddhaccarahito. Uddhatassa hi vacanaṃ nādiyanti. Sammitabhāṇīti sammadeva mitabhāṇī, kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasañhitameva vācaṃ bhāsanasīloti attho. Ito aññathā vadantassa vacanaṃ agahaṇīyaṃ hoti. Subbatoti sundaravato sīlasampanno. ‘‘Siyā’’ti kiriyāpadaṃ ānetvā yojetabbaṃ.

Evaṃ thero saṅkhepeneva dhammakathikalakkhaṇaṃ vatvā tesaṃ guṇānaṃ attani labbhamānataṃ adhimuccitvā bhiyyosomattāya abhippasannaṃ mahājanaṃ ñatvā ‘‘evaṃvidhassa dhammakathikassa vimuttāyatanasannissitassa na nibbānaṃ dullabhaṃ, atha kho sulabhamevā’’ti dassento ‘‘susukhumanipuṇatthadassinā’’ti dutiyagāthamāha. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.

Nadanti morā susikhā supekhuṇāti āyasmato cūḷakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso chattapaṇṇiphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā cūḷakoti laddhanāmo vayappatto dhanapāladamane satthari laddhappasādo pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto indasālaguhāyaṃ vasati, so ekadivasaṃ guhādvāre nisinno magadhakkhettaṃ olokesi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe pāvusakālamegho gambhīramadhuranigghoso satapaṭalasahassapaṭalo añjana sikharasannikāso nabhaṃ pūretvā pavassati, mayūrasaṅghā ca meghagajjitaṃ sutvā haṭṭhatuṭṭhā kekāsaddaṃ muñcitvā tattha tattha padese naccantā vicaranti. Therassapi āvāsagabbhe meghavātaphassehi apagatadhammattā passaddhakarajakāye kallataṃ patte utusappāyalābhena cittaṃ ekaggaṃ ahosi, kammaṭṭhānavīthiṃ otari, so taṃ ñatvā kālasampadādikittanamukhena attānaṃ bhāvanāya ussāhento –

‘‘Nadanti morā susikhā supekhuṇā, sunīlagīvā sumukhā sugajjino;

Susaddalā cāpi mahāmahī ayaṃ, subyāpitambu suvalāhakaṃ nabhaṃ.

‘‘Sukallarūpo sumanassa jhāyataṃ, sunikkamo sādhu subuddhasāsane;

Susukkasukkaṃ nipuṇaṃ sududdasaṃ, phusāhi taṃ uttamamaccutaṃ pada’’nti. –

Dve gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha nadanti morā susikhā supekhuṇā, sunīlagīvā sumukhā sugajjinoti ete matthake uṭṭhitāhi sundarāhi sikhāhi samannāgatattā susikhā, nānāvaṇṇehi anekehi sobhanehi bhaddakapiñchehi samannāgatattā supekhuṇā, rājīvavaṇṇasaṅkāsāya sundarāya nīlavaṇṇāya gīvāya samannāgatattā sunīlagīvā, sundaramukhatāya sumukhā, manuññavāditāya sugajjino, morā sikhaṇḍino chajjasaṃvādī kekāsaddaṃ muñcantā nadanti ravanti. Susaddalā cāpi mahāmahī ayanti ayañca mahāpathavī susaddalā sundaraharitatiṇā. Subyāpitambūti abhinavavuṭṭhiyā tahaṃ tahaṃ vissandamānasalilatāya suṭṭhu byāpitajalā vitatajalā. ‘‘Susukkatambū’’tipi pāṭho, suvisuddhajalāti attho. Suvalāhakaṃ nabhanti idañca nabhaṃ ākāsaṃ nīluppaladalasannibhehi samantato pūretvā ṭhitehi sundarehi valāhakehi meghehi suvalāhakaṃ.

Sukallarūpo sumanassa jhāyatanti idāni utusappāyalābhena suṭṭhu kallarūpo kammaniyasabhāvo tvaṃ, nīvaraṇehi anajjhārūḷhacittatāya sundaramanassa yogāvacarassa yaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānavasena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānavasena ca jhāyataṃ. Sunikkamo…pe… accutaṃ padanti evaṃ jhāyanto ca sādhu subuddhassa sammāsambuddhassa sāsane sundaranikkamo hutvā suparisuddhasīlatāya susukkaṃ, visuddhasabhāvatāya sabbassapi saṃkilesassa gocarabhāvānupagamanato sukkaṃ, nipuṇañāṇagocaratāya nipuṇaṃ, paramagambhīratāya sududdasaṃ, paṇītabhāvena seṭṭhabhāvena ca uttamaṃ, niccasabhāvatāya accutaṃ padaṃ taṃ nibbānaṃ phusāhi attapaccakkhakaraṇena sammāpaṭipattiyā sacchikarohīti.

Evaṃ thero attānaṃ ovadantova utusappāyalābhena samāhitacitto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.39.37-42) –

‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jalitaṃ, puṇṇamāyeva candimaṃ;

Jalantaṃ dīparukkhaṃva, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Kadaliphalaṃ paggayha, adāsiṃ satthuno ahaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, vanditvāna apakkamiṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā pītisomanassajāto ‘‘nadanti morā’’tiādinā tāyeva gāthā paccudāhāsi. Tenassa idameva aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Nandamānāgataṃ cittāti āyasmato anūpamattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ padumaṃ nāma paccekabuddhaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ rathiyaṃ disvā pasannamānaso aṅkolapupphehi pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbattitvā rūpasampattiyā anūpamoti laddhanāmo vayappatto upanissayasampannatāya kāme pahāya pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto araññe viharati. Tassa cittaṃ bahiddhā rūpādiārammaṇesu vidhāvati. Kammaṭṭhānaṃ parivaṭṭati. Thero vidhāvantaṃ cittaṃ niggaṇhanto –

‘‘Nandamānāgataṃ cittaṃ, sūlamāropamānakaṃ;

Tena teneva vajasi, yena sūlaṃ kaliṅgaraṃ.

‘‘Tāhaṃ cittakaliṃ brūmi, taṃ brūmi cittadubbhakaṃ;

Satthā te dullabho laddho, mānatthe maṃ niyojayī’’ti. –

Imāhi dvīhi gāthāhi ovadi.

Tattha nandamānāgataṃ cittāti nandamāna abhinandamāna citta abhinandamānaṃ āgataṃ uppannaṃ. Sūlamāropamānakanti dukkhuppattiṭṭhānatāya sūlasadisattā sūlaṃ taṃ taṃ bhavaṃ kammakilesehi ettakaṃ kālaṃ āropiyamānaṃ. Tena teneva vajasi, yena sūlaṃ kaliṅgaranti yattha yattha sūlasaṅkhātā bhavā kaliṅgarasaṅkhātā adhikuṭṭanakā kāmaguṇā ca tena teneva, pāpacitta, vajasi, taṃ tadeva ṭhānaṃ upagacchasi, attano anatthaṃ na sallakkhesi.

Tāhaṃ cittakaliṃ brūmīti taṃ tasmā pamattabhāvato cittakaliṃ cittakālakaṇṇiṃ ahaṃ kathayāmi. Punapi taṃ brūmi kathemi cittadubbhakaṃ cittasaṅkhātassa attano bahūpakārassa santānassa anatthāvahanato cittadubbhiṃ. ‘‘Cittadubbhagā’’tipi paṭhanti. Cittasaṅkhātaalakkhikaappapuññāti attho. Kinti brūhīti ce? Āha ‘‘satthā te dullabho laddho, mānatthe maṃ niyojayī’’ti. Kappānaṃ asaṅkhyeyyampi nāma buddhasuñño loko hoti, satthari uppannepi manussattasaddhāpaṭilābhādayo dullabhā eva, laddhesu ca tesu satthāpi dullabhoyeva hoti. Evaṃ dullabho satthā idāni tayā laddho, tasmiṃ laddhe sampatipi anatthe ahite āyatiñca anatthāvahe dukkhāvahe akusale maṃ mā niyojesīti. Evaṃ thero attano cittaṃ ovadanto eva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.37.16-19) –

‘‘Padumo nāma sambuddho, cittakūṭe vasī tadā;

Disvāna taṃ ahaṃ buddhaṃ, sayambhuṃ aparājitaṃ.

‘‘Aṅkolaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, ocinitvānahaṃ tadā;

Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, pūjayiṃ padumaṃ jinaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānanti āyasmato vajjitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito pañcasaṭṭhime kappe ekasmiṃ paccantagāme nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto vanacarako hutvā vicaranto ekadivasaṃ upasantaṃ nāma paccekabuddhaṃ pabbataguhāyaṃ viharantaṃ addasa. So tassa upasamaṃ disvā pasannamānaso campakapupphena pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbatto jātadivasato paṭṭhāya mātugāmahatthaṃ gato rodati. Brahmalokato kira cavitvā idhāgato yasmā mātugāmasamphassaṃ na sahati, tasmā mātugāmasamphassavajjanato vajjitotveva nāmaṃ jātaṃ. So vayappatto satthu yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā tadaheva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.37.27-30) –

‘‘Upasanto ca sambuddho, vasatī pabbatantare;

Ekacampakamādāya, upagacchiṃ naruttamaṃ.

‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, paccekamunimuttamaṃ;

Ubho hatthehi paggayha, pūjayiṃ aparājitaṃ.

‘‘Pañcasaṭṭhimhito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā attano pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā dhammasaṃvegena –

‘‘Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, gatīsu parivattisaṃ;

Apassaṃ ariyasaccāni, andhabhūto puthujjano.

‘‘Tassa me appamattassa, saṃsārā vinaḷīkatā;

Sabbā gatī samucchinnā, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – dve gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha saṃsaranti saṃsaranto, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ bhave ādānanikkhepavasena aparāparaṃ sandhāvanto. Dīghamaddhānanti cirakālaṃ anādimati saṃsāre aparimāṇakālaṃ. Gatīsūti sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ vasena sugatiduggatīsu. Parivattisanti ghaṭīyantaṃ viya paribbhamanto cavanupapajjanavasena aparāparaṃ parivattiṃ. Tassa pana parivattanassa kāraṇamāha ‘‘apassaṃ ariyasaccāni, andhabhūto puthujjano’’ti. Dukkhādīni cattāri ariyasaccāni ñāṇacakkhunā apassanto appaṭivijjhanto, tato eva avijjandhatāya andhabhūto puthūnaṃ jananādīhi kāraṇehi puthujjano honto gatīsu parivattisanti yojanā, tenevāha bhagavā –

‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasaccānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañcā’’ti (mahāva. 287; dī. ni. 2.155; saṃ. ni. 5.1091; netti. 114).

Tassa mayhaṃ vuttanayena pubbe puthujjanasseva sato idāni satthārā dinnanayena appamattassa appamādapaṭipattiyā samathavipassanābhāvanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā ṭhitassa. Saṃsārā vinaḷīkatāti saṃsaranti sattā etehīti ‘‘saṃsārā’’ti laddhanāmā kammakilesā aggamaggena samucchinnattā vigatanaḷā nimmūlā katā. Sabbā gatī samucchinnāti evaṃ kammakilesavaṭṭānaṃ vinaḷīkatattā nirayādikā sabbāpi gatiyo sammadeva ucchinnā viddhaṃsitā, tato eva natthi dāni āyatiṃ punabbhavoti idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Assatthe haritobhāseti āyasmato sandhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle eko gopālako ahosi. So satthari parinibbute aññataraṃ theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa santike buddhaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso ‘‘kuhiṃ bhagavā’’ti pucchitvā parinibbutabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘evaṃ mahānubhāvā buddhāpi nāma aniccatāvasaṃ gacchanti, aho saṅkhārā addhuvā’’ti aniccasaññaṃ paṭilabhi. Taṃ thero bodhipūjāya ussāhesi. So kālena kālaṃ bodhirukkhasamīpaṃ gantvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā buddhaguṇe anussaranto bodhiṃ vandati. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbattitvā sandhitoti laddhanāmo vayappatto aniccatāpaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammakathaṃ sutvā saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. So attano pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranto sikhissa bhagavato kāle bodhivandanaṃ buddhānussatiṃ aniccasaññāpaṭilābhañca anussaritvā tadupanissayena attano visesādhigamaṃ pakāsento –

‘‘Assatthe haritobhāse, saṃvirūḷhamhi pādape;

Ekaṃ buddhagataṃ saññaṃ, alabhitthaṃ patissato.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;

Tassā saññāya vāhasā, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. –

Dve gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha assattheti assatthaṭṭhānīye, yvāyaṃ etarahi amhākaṃ bhagavato bodhirukkho assattho, etassa ṭhāne tadā sikhissa bhagavato bodhirukkho puṇḍarīko ṭhitoti so assatthaṭṭhānīyatāya ‘‘assatthe’’ti vuttaṃ. Sattānaṃ assāsajananato vā. Apare pana ‘‘assattharukkhamūle nisīditvā tadā buddhānussatiyā bhāvitattā thero ‘assatthe’ti avocā’’ti vadanti. Haritobhāseti haritehi sāramaṇivaṇṇehi obhāsamāne. Saṃvirūḷhamhīti suṭṭhu virūḷhe suppatiṭṭhite, sughananicitapattapalāsapallavehi virūḷhasañchanneti ca vadanti. Pādapeti rukkhe. Ekaṃ buddhagataṃ saññaṃ, alabhitthaṃ patissatoti buddhārammaṇaṃ ārammaṇassa ekajātiyattā ekaṃ ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinayappavattaṃ buddhānussatisahagataṃ saññaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ patipatisaraṇato patissato hutvā alabhiṃ.

Kadā pana sā saññā laddhā, kīvatāya siddhāti āha ‘‘ekatiṃse ito kappe’’tiādi. Ito bhaddakappato uddhaṃ ārohanavasena ekatiṃse kappe. Yaṃ saññanti yaṃ buddhānussatisahagataṃ saññaṃ, yaṃ vā buddhānaṃ aniccataṃ disvā tadanusārena sabbāsaṅkhāresu tadā aniccasaññaṃ alabhiṃ. Tassā saññāya vāhasāti tassā yathāvuttāya saññāya kāraṇabhāvena taṃ upanissayaṃ katvā. Patto me āsavakkhayoti idāni mayā āsavānaṃ khayo nirodho adhigatoti imāyeva ca imassa therassa apadānagāthāpi. Yathāha (apa. thera 1.22.27-30) –

‘‘Assatthe haritobhāse…pe… patto me āsavakkhayo.

‘‘Ito terasakappamhi, dhaniṭṭho nāma khattiyo;

Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.