1. Paṭhamavaggo

82.Devassa putto devaputto. Devānaṃ janakajanetabbasambandhābhāvato kathamayaṃ devaputtoti vuccatīti āha ‘‘devānaṃ hī’’tiādi. ‘‘Apākaṭo aññataroti vuccatī’’ti idaṃ yebhuyyavasena vuttaṃ. Pākaṭopi hi katthaci ‘‘aññataro’’ti vuccati. Heṭṭhā devatāsaṃyutte ‘‘apākaṭā aññatarā devatā’’ti vatvā idha ‘‘pākaṭo devaputto’’ti vuttaṃ. Tathā hissa kassapoti gottanāmaṃ gahitaṃ, tañca kho purimajātisiddhasamaññāvasena. Anusāsanaṃ anusāso, taṃ anusāsaṃ. Bhikkhuniddesanti bhikkhusaddassa niddesaṃ. Bhikkhuovādanti bhikkhubhāvāvahaṃ ovādaṃ. Yadi pana na assosi, kathamayaṃ pañhaṃ kathesīti? Aññato sutaṃ nissāya pañhaṃ kathesi, na pana bhagavato sammukhā sutabhāvena.

Tesanti yathāvuttānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ. ‘‘Kathetukāmo cevā’’tiādinā hi catutthaṃ idha uddhaṭaṃ. Tattha ādito tiṇṇaṃ bhagavā pañhaṃ bhāraṃ na karoti ekekaṅgavekallato ceva aṅgadvayavekallato ca, catutthassa pana ubhayaṅgapāripūrattā bhāraṃ karotīti āha ‘‘ayaṃ panā’’tiādi.

Gāthāyaṃ ‘‘subhāsitassā’’ti upayogatthe sāmivacananti āha ‘‘subhāsitaṃ sikkheyyā’’ti. Catusaccādinissitaṃ buddhavacanaṃ sikkhanto catubbidhaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ sikkhati nāmāti āha ‘‘catusaccanissitaṃ…pe… sikkheyyā’’ti. Avadhāraṇena tappaṭipakkhaṃ paṭinivatteti. Upāsitabbanti āsevitabbaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ bahulīkātabbaṃ. Aṭṭhatiṃsabhedaṃ kammaṭṭhānanti idaṃ tassa vipassanāpadaṭṭhānataṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā vuttaṃ. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘dutiyapadena adhipaññāsikkhā kathitā’’ti. Ye pana ‘‘dutiyapadena adhicittasikkhā cittavūpasamena adhipaññāsikkhā’’ti paṭhanti, tesaṃ padena aṭṭhatiṃsappabhedakammaṭṭhānaṃ suddhasamathakammaṭṭhānasseva gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhasamāpattivasenā’’ti idaṃ kathanti? ‘‘Taṃ vipassanādhiṭṭhānānaṃ samāpattīnaṃ vasena kathita’’nti vadanti. Evañca katvā ‘‘dutiyapadena adhipaññāsikkhā’’ti idaṃ vacanaṃ samatthitaṃ hoti. Sikkhanaṃ nāma āsevananti āha ‘‘bhāveyyāti attho’’ti. Upāsananti payirupāsanaṃ. Tañca kho assutapariyāpuṇanakammaṭṭhānuggahādivasena dassento ‘‘tampī’’tiādimāha. Adhisīlasikkhā kathitā lakkhaṇahāranayena. Vacīsucaritassa hi sīlasabhāvattā taggahaṇeneva tadekalakkhaṇaṃ kāyasucaritampi itarampi gahitamevāti. Ettha ca adhisīlasikkhāya cittaviveko, adhipaññāsikkhāya upadhiviveko, adhicittasikkhāya kāyaviveko kathito, kāyaviveko pana sarūpeneva pāḷiyaṃ gahitoti tividhassapi vivekassa pakāsitattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

83.Dvīhi jhānehīti ārammaṇalakkhaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇehi dvīhi jhānehi. Kammaṭṭhānavimuttiyāti kammaṭṭhānānuyogaladdhāya vimuttiyā. Tena tadaṅgavikkhambhanavimuttiyo vadati. Satthusāsanassa hadayattā abbhantarattā hadayassa mānasassa, anupattiṃ paṭilābhamānasaṃ. Taṃ pana atthato aññā evāti āha ‘‘arahatta’’nti. Taṃ pattukāmena ekantato vajjetabbataṇhādiṭṭhīnaṃ bhāve tassa anijjhanato, tadabhāve ijjhanato ca te uppādanavasena yadaggena nissito, tadaggena panāyampi tehi nissito nāma hotīti āha ‘‘anissito’’tiādi. Arahattaṃ ānisaṃsitabbaṭṭhena ānisaṃsaṃ etassāti arahattānisaṃso. Arahattaṃ pattukāmassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadā icchitabbā. Tattha ca sabbapaṭhamo kammaṭṭhānaattānuyogo, so idha na gahitoti āha ‘‘tantidhammo pubbabhāgo’’ti. Tattha tantidhammoti pariyattidhammo.

84.Maghoti sakkassetaṃ nāmaṃ purimajātianugataṃ. Svevāti sakko eva. Vatenāti mātāpituupaṭṭhānādicārittadhammena. Aññeti upadhivepakkapāpadhamme abhibhavitvā. Asuranti indasattubhūtaṃ asuraṃ.

85.Catutthasuttaṃ vuttatthamevāti devatāsaṃyutte saṃvaṇṇitatthameva, tasmā idha na vattabbo atthoti adhippāyo.

86.Tena kāraṇenāti tena padhānena kāraṇabhūtena, padhānakaraṇanimittanti attho. Yaṃ kiñci khuddakampi mahantampi hīnampi paṇītampi bhavaṃ. Āyatapaggahoti dīgharattassa vīriyārambho. Kiccavosānanti kiccaniṭṭhānaṃ. Tathevāti yathā arahattuppattito pubbe, tato pacchāpi tatheva ‘‘buddhipaggaho’’ti vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ karotūti kuppadhammaṃ viya maññamāno vadati. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārādiatthaṃ pana vīriyakaraṇaṃ icchitabbameva.

Asaṃkiṇṇāti avomissā evaṃ aññattha anāgatattā. Tenāha ‘‘bhagavatā hī’’tiādi. Yadi evaṃ idheva kasmā etaṃ vuttanti āha ‘‘idha panā’’tiādi. Patiṭṭhanti nadī nāma anavaṭṭhitatīrā, tattha patiṭṭhātabbaṭṭhānaṃ.

87.Pubbayogāvacaroti pubbe yogāvacaro purimattabhāve bhāvanamanuyutto. Ayaṃ kira kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvāva bahūni vassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi, na pana visesaṃ nibbattesi. Tamatthaṃ kāraṇena saddhiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘bahalakilesatāyā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Ekantaparisuddhassāti yathā visesāvaho hoti, evaṃ ekantena parisuddhassa sabbaso anupakkiliṭṭhassa. Sīlena samāhitāti yathā sīlaṃ uparūpari visesāvahaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyañca hoti, evaṃ sammadeva āhitacittā suṭṭhu sampannacittā. Tathābhūtā tena samannāgatā hontīti āha ‘‘samupetā’’ti. Patiṭṭhitasabhāvāti sekkhattā eva yathādhigatadhammena niccalabhāvena adhiṭṭhitasabhāvā. Mayā tuṭṭhiyā gahitāya devaputto ‘‘dullabhā tuṭṭhī’’ti vakkhatīti bhagavā ‘‘tuṭṭhi hoti sukhāvahā’’ti avocāti āha ‘‘upari pañhasamuṭṭhāpanattha’’nti. Pabbajito rukkhamūliko abbhokāsiko vā anagāriyupeto nāma hoti, senāsane pana vasanto kathanti āha ‘‘sattabhūmike’’tiādi. Catupaccayasantosoti bhāvanābhiyogasiddho catūsu paccayesu santoso. Tena cittavūpasamena tuṭṭhi laddhāti dasseti. Cittavūpasamabhāvanāyāti cittakilesānaṃ vūpasamakarabhāvanāya, manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ nibbisevanabhāvakaraṇena savisesaṃ cittassa vūpasamakarabhāvanāya rato manoti yojanā.

Ettha ca indriyūpasamena cittasamādhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ hoti indriyabhāvanāya cittasamādhānassa akārakānaṃ dūrīkaraṇato. Adhicittasamādhānena catupaccayasantoso savisesaṃ parisuddho paripuṇṇo ca hoti paccayānaṃ alābhalābhesu pariccāgasabhāvato. Vuttanayena pana santuṭṭhassa yathāsamādinnaṃ sīlaṃ visujjhati pāripūriñca upagacchati, tathābhūto catusaccakammaṭṭhāne yutto maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbaso kilese samucchindanto nibbānadiṭṭho hotīti imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘ye rattindiva’’ntiādinā. Kiṃ na gacchissanti? Gamissantevāti ariyamaggabhāvanaṃ pahāya sammāpaṭipattiyā dukkarabhāvaṃ sandhāya sāsaṅkaṃ vadati. Tenāha ‘‘ayaṃ pana duggamo bhagavā visamo maggo’’ti.

Tattha keci ‘‘ayaṃ panāti devaputto. So hi bhagavato ‘ariyā gacchantī’ti vacanaṃ sutvā ‘duggamo bhagavā’tiādimāhā’’ti vadanti, taṃ na yujjati. Yasmā ‘‘saccameta’’nti evamādipi tasseva vevacanaṃ katvā dassitaṃ, tasmā ‘‘yena maggena ariyā gacchantī’’ti tumhehi vuttaṃ, ayaṃ pana ‘‘duggamo bhagavā visamo maggo’’ti āha devaputto. Ariyamaggo kāmaṃ kadāci atidukkhā paṭipadātipi vuccati, tañca kho pubbabhāgapaṭipadāvasena, ayaṃ pana atīva sugamo sabbakilesaduggavivajjanato kāyaduccaritādivisamassa rāgādivisamassa ca dūrīkaraṇato na visamo. Tenāha ‘‘pubbabhāgapaṭipadāyā’’tiādi. Assāti ariyamaggassa. Ariyamaggassa hi adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ paribundhitabbabhāgena bahū parissayā hontīti. Evaṃ vuttoti ‘‘duggamo visamo’’ti ca evaṃ vutto.

Avaṃsirāti anuṭṭhahanena adhobhūtauttamaṅgā. Kusalaṅgesu hi sammādiṭṭhi uttamaṅgā sabbaseṭṭhattā, tañca anariyā patanti na uṭṭhahanti micchāpaṭipajjanato. Tenāha ‘‘ñāṇasirenā’’tiādi. Anariyamaggeti micchāmagge. Tenāha ‘‘visame magge’’ti. Taṃ magganato anariyā ariyānaṃ maggato apāpuṇanena pariccattā hutvā apāye sakalavaṭṭadukkhe ca patanti. Svevāti svāyaṃ anariyehi kadācipi gantuṃ asakkuṇeyyo maggo ariyānaṃ visuddhasattānaṃ sabbaso samadhigamena samo hoti. Kāyavisamādīhi samannāgatattā visame sattakāye tesaṃ sabbasova pahānena sabbattha samāyeva.

88.Sambādheti sampīḷitataṇhākilesādinā sauppīḷatāya paramasambādhe. Ativiya saṅkāraṭṭhānabhūto hi nīvaraṇasambādho adhippeto. So hi duggahano tasmiṃ asati kāmaguṇasambādho anavasaro eva seyyathāpi mahākassapādīnaṃ. Okāsanti jhānassetaṃ nāmaṃ nīvaraṇasambādhābhāvato. Asambādhabhāvena hi jhānaṃ idha ‘‘okāso’’ti vuttaṃ, tañca kho accantāsambādhaṭṭhānatāya vipassanāpādakatāya. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘avindī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha avindīti vindi paṭilabhi. Bhūrimedhasoti mahāpañño, sapaññoti attho. Abujjhīti bujjhi paṭivijjhi. Paṭilīno hutvā seṭṭho, paṭilīnānaṃ vā seṭṭhoti paṭilīnaseṭṭho. Mānussayavasena unnatabhāvato paṭilīno nāma pahīnamāno. Paṭilabhiṃsūti kāmaguṇasambādhepi ‘‘ime kāmaguṇā mādisānaṃ kiṃ karissantī’’ti? Te abhibhuyya nibbānappattiyā sammāsatiṃ paṭilabhiṃsu. Tena sampayuttena lokuttarasamādhināpi suṭṭhu samāhitā.

Ayaṃ kira devaputto ito purimavāre attabhāve paṭhamajjhānalābhī hutvā tato cavitvā brahmakāyikāsu nibbattitvā tattha jhānasukhaṃ anubhavitvā tato cuto idāni kāmabhave nibbatto, tasmā taṃ jhānaṃ sambhāvento ‘‘tādisassa nāma jhānasukhassa lābhī bhagavā’’ti tena guṇena bhagavantaṃ abhitthavanto ‘‘sambādhe vatā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi. Athassa bhagavā yathā nāma aṭṭhasaṭṭhiyojanasatasahassubbedhasinerupabbatarājaṃ upādāya sāsapo na kiñci hoti, evaṃ anantāparimeyyabuddhaguṇe upādāya rūpāvacarapaṭhamajjhānaṃ na kiñci hotīti dassento ‘‘ye sati’’ntiādinā anuttaraguṇādhigamaṃ pavedesi. Tattha satinti vipassanāsatiyā saddhiṃ ariyamaggasatiṃ. Susamāhitāti lokiyasamādhinā ceva lokuttarasamādhinā ca suṭṭhu samāhitā. Te hi accantaṃ susamāhitā, na jhānamattalābhino akuppadhammattā. Keci ‘‘kammante susamāhitā’’ti pāṭhaṃ vatvā ‘‘maggasamāhitā’’ti atthaṃ vadanti.

89.Atītajātiyaṃ sayaṃkāravasena tāya diṭṭhiyā uppāditattā pubbe titthakaro. Tenāha ‘‘diṭṭhi uppādetvā’’ti. Apare āhu ‘‘ayaṃ me satthāti gahaṇavasena titthakaro assa atthīti pubbe titthakaro, atītattabhāve titthakarasāvako’’ti. Te ‘‘diṭṭhiṃ uppādetvāti tassa satthuno diṭṭhiṃ ādāya gahetvāti attho’’ti vadanti. Titthaṃ nāma dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo tabbinimuttassa micchāvādassa abhāvato. Titthe niyuttāti titthikā, te eva titthiyāti vuttā ka-kārassa ya-kāraṃ katvā. Tassāti yathāvuttassa kalyāṇakammassa. Nissandenāti phalabhāvena. Vīriyappaṭisaṃyuttāti vīriyadīpanāti attho.

Aniyamitaāṇattīti aniyamavidhānaṃ aniyamavasena vidhivacanaṃ. Taṇhāsotanti taṇhāppabandhanaṃ. Nīharāti samehi pajaha. Ekattanti ekaggaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘jhāna’’nti. Upapajjatīti na uppajjati na pāpuṇātīti āha ‘‘na paṭilabhatī’’ti. Na osakkeyyāti na saṅkocaṃ āpajjeyya. Gharāvāsato paribbajanaṃ parito apagamoti paribbajo. Pabbajitavatasamādānassa adaḷhatāya ca tattha ca asakkaccakiriyāya sithilagahitā. Atirekanti pabbajjāya purimakālatopi adhikaṃ. Uparīti uparūpari. Dukkaṭaṃ akatameva seyyoti duccaritaṃ nāma sabbena sabbaṃ akatameva hitāvahaṃ.

Yaṃ kiñcīti yaṃ kiñci kammaṃ. Sithilaṃ katanti asakkaccakāritāya sithilaṃ katvā pavattitaṃ. Evarūpamevāti evarūpaṃ parāmaṭṭhasāmaññasadisameva pacchānutāpacariyādipaṭibhāgato. Saṃkiliṭṭhameva taṇhāsaṃkilesaupakkiliṭṭhattā. Āsaṅkitaparisaṅkitantiādito samantatopi parehi saṅkitaṃ. Brahmacariyassa ādi ādibrahmacariyaṃ, tattha niyuttāti ādibrahmacariyikā, maggabrahmacariyassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadāti attho. Tenāha ‘‘maggabrahmacariyassa ādibhūtā’’ti. Pubbapadhānabhūtāti paṭhamārambhabhūtā.

90.Vimāne gahite taṃnivāsīpi gahito hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘candavimānavāsī devaputto’’ti. Sabbadhīti sabbasmā duggaṭṭhānā vippamuttosi bhagavā tvaṃ, tasmā mayhampi ito sambādhaṭṭhānato vippamokkhaṃ karohīti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘tassa me saraṇaṃ bhavā’’ti. Lokānukampakāti sabbassa lokassa anuggahā, tasmā tuyhampi etassapi candassa. Tādisā evāti samānā eva. Pamuñcasīti pamuñcittha. Tenāha ‘‘atītatthe vattamānavacana’’nti.

91.Andhabhāvakaraṇeti lokassa andhakaraṇetipi apare. Tenāha ‘‘tamasī’’ti. Virocatīti vijjotati. Kāmaṃ devaputtavasena paṭhamaṃ devatā uddhaṭā, rāhuno pana payogo tassa vimāneti āha ‘‘maṇḍalīti maṇḍalasaṇṭhāno’’ti. Vadati tadā mukhena gahitattā. Mukhena gahaṇañcettha ‘‘gilī’’ti adhippetaṃ, na ca ajjhoharaṇanti āha ‘‘gilīti vadatī’’ti. Idāni tassa mukhena gahaṇasamatthataṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘rāhussa hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Sotiādi tassa candimasūriyānaṃ gahaṇakāraṇadassanaṃ. Adhivatthā devatāti candimasūriyānaṃ paricārakadevatā. Veganti javaṃ. So hi kenaci abhimukhaṃ atidunnivāro kammaniyāmasiddho. Matthakanti kaṇṭhassa uparimadesaṃ. Keci ‘‘sīsamatthakamevā’’ti vadanti. Nikkhameyya vegassa tikkhasīghathāmabhāvato. Ākaḍḍhitvāti attano gamanadisābhimukhaṃ ākaḍḍhitvā. Nanti rāhuṃ. Uddhaṃ ullaṅghetukāmampi onameyya. Padadvayenapi so mahāsarīro mahābalo, candimasūriyānaṃ pana gamanavego tena sabbathāpi dunnivāriyovāti dasseti. Vimānenāti candaggahe candavimānena, sūriyaggahe sūriyavimānena ubhinnampi vimānena saheva. Amāvāsiyañhi dve vimānāni yojanamattantaritāni hutvā saheva pavattanti. Yadi dvepi devaputtā sotāpattiphalaṃ pattā, atha kasmā sūriyasutte eva ‘‘pajaṃ mama’’nti vuttaṃ, na candasutteti? ‘‘So ca kira na cirasseva tato cavitvā aññattha nibbatto, aññā eva ca devatā tattha vasi, yasmiṃ candaggahe bhagavā taṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi, na tathā sūriyo, aparabhāge pana tatthapi kālena kālaṃ rāhuggaho hotī’’ti vadanti.