1. Paṭhamavaggo

1.Idāni ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahathātiādinā nayena bhagavatā nikkhittassa suttassa vaṇṇanāya okāso anuppatto. Sā panesā atthavaṇṇanā yasmā suttanikkhepaṃ vicāretvā vuccamānā pākaṭā hoti, tasmā suttanikkhepaṃ tāva vicāressāma. Cattāro hi suttanikkhepā – attajjhāsayo, parajjhāsayo, pucchāvasiko, aṭṭhuppattikoti. Yathā hi anekasataanekasahassabhedānipi suttantāni saṃkilesabhāgiyādipaṭṭhānanayena soḷasavidhataṃ nātivattanti, evaṃ attajjhāsayādisuttanikkhepavasena catubbidhataṃ nātivattantīti. Tattha yathā attajjhāsayassa aṭṭhuppattiyā ca parajjhāsayapucchāvasikehi saddhiṃ saṃsaggabhedo sambhavati attajjhāsayo ca parajjhāsayo ca, attajjhāsayo ca pucchāvasiko ca, aṭṭhuppattiko ca parajjhāsayo ca, aṭṭhuppattiko ca pucchāvasiko cāti ajjhāsayapucchānusandhisambhavato; evaṃ yadipi aṭṭhuppattiyā attajjhāsayenapi saṃsaggabhedo sambhavati, attajjhāsayādīhi pana purato ṭhitehi aṭṭhuppattiyā saṃsaggo natthīti niravaseso paṭṭhānanayo na sambhavati. Tadantogadhattā vā sambhavantānaṃ sesanikkhepānaṃ mūlanikkhepavasena cattāro suttanikkhepā vuttāti veditabbaṃ.

Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho – nikkhipīyatīti nikkhepo, suttaṃ eva nikkhepo suttanikkhepo. Atha vā nikkhipanaṃ nikkhepo, suttassa nikkhepo suttanikkhepo, suttadesanāti attho. Attano ajjhāsayo attajjhāsayo, so assa atthi kāraṇabhūtoti attajjhāsayo, attano ajjhāsayo etassāti vā attajjhāsayo. Parajjhāsayepi eseva nayo. Pucchāya vasoti pucchāvaso. So etassa atthīti pucchāvasiko. Suttadesanāya vatthubhūtassa atthassa uppatti atthuppatti, atthuppatti eva aṭṭhuppatti tha-kārassa ṭha-kāraṃ katvā, sā etassa atthīti aṭṭhuppattiko. Atha vā nikkhipīyati suttaṃ etenāti nikkhepo, attajjhāsayādi eva. Etasmiṃ pana atthavikappe attano ajjhāsayo attajjhāsayo. Paresaṃ ajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo. Pucchīyatīti pucchā, pucchitabbo attho, pucchāvasena pavattaṃ dhammappaṭiggāhakānaṃ vacanaṃ pucchāvasaṃ, tadeva nikkhepasaddāpekkhāya pucchāvasikoti pulliṅgavasena vuttaṃ. Tathā aṭṭhuppatti eva aṭṭhuppattikoti evamettha attho veditabbo.

Apica paresaṃ indriyaparipākādikāraṇanirapekkhattā attajjhāsayassa visuṃ suttanikkhepabhāvo yutto, kevalaṃ attano ajjhāsayeneva dhammatantiṭhapanatthaṃ pavattitadesanattā. Parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ pana paresaṃ ajjhāsayapucchānaṃ desanāpavattihetubhūtānaṃ uppattiyaṃ pavattitānaṃ kathaṃ aṭṭhuppattiyaṃ anavarodho, pucchāvasikaṭṭhuppattikānaṃ vā parajjhāsayānurodhena pavattitānaṃ kathaṃ parajjhāsaye anavarodhoti? Na codetabbametaṃ. Paresañhi abhinīhāraparipucchādivinimuttasseva suttadesanākāraṇuppādassa aṭṭhuppattibhāvena gahitattā parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ visuṃ gahaṇaṃ. Tathā hi brahmajāladhammadāyādasuttādīnaṃ (dī. na. 1.1 ādayo) vaṇṇāvaṇṇaāmisuppādādidesanānimittaṃ aṭṭhuppatti vuccati. Paresaṃ pucchaṃ vinā ajjhāsayameva nimittaṃ katvā desito parajjhāsayo, pucchāvasena desito pucchāvasikoti pākaṭoyamatthoti.

Yāni bhagavā parehi anajjhiṭṭho kevalaṃ attano ajjhāsayeneva katheti, seyyathidaṃ – ākaṅkheyyasuttaṃ, tuvaṭṭakasuttantievamādīni (su. ni. 921 ādayo; ma. ni. 1.64 ādayo), tesaṃ attajjhāsayo nikkhepo.

Yāni pana ‘‘paripakkā kho rāhulassa vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā, yaṃnūnāhaṃ rāhulaṃ uttariṃ āsavānaṃ khaye vineyya’’nti evaṃ paresaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ khantiṃ abhinīhāraṃ bujjhanabhāvañca oloketvā parajjhāsayavasena kathitāni, seyyathidaṃ – rāhulovādasuttaṃ, dhammacakkappavattanasuttantievamādīni (ma. ni. 2.107 ādayo; 3.416 ādayo; saṃ. ni. 3.59; mahāva. 19-20), tesaṃ parajjhāsayo nikkhepo.

Bhagavantaṃ pana upasaṅkamitvā devā manussā catasso parisā cattāro vaṇṇā ca tathā tathā pañhaṃ pucchanti ‘‘bojjhaṅgā bojjhaṅgāti, bhante, vuccanti, nīvaraṇā nīvaraṇāti vuccantī’’tiādinā, evaṃ puṭṭhena bhagavatā yāni kathitāni bojjhaṅgasaṃyuttādīni (saṃ. ni. 5.186) tesaṃ pucchāvasiko nikkhepo.

Yāni pana tāni uppannaṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭicca kathitāni, seyyathidaṃ – dhammadāyādaṃ, puttamaṃsūpamaṃ, dārukkhandhūpamantievamādīni (ma. ni. 1.29; saṃ. ni. 2.63), tesaṃ aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo.

Evamimesu catūsu suttanikkhepesu imassa suttassa parajjhāsayo nikkhepo. Parajjhāsayavasena hetaṃ nikkhittaṃ. Kesaṃ ajjhāsayena? Lobhe ādīnavadassīnaṃ puggalānaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘attajjhāsayo’’ti vadanti.

Tattha ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhavetiādīsu ekasaddo attheva aññatthe ‘‘sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti ittheke abhivadantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.27). Atthi seṭṭhe ‘‘cetaso ekodibhāva’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.228; pārā. 11). Atthi asahāye ‘‘eko vūpakaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.405). Atthi saṅkhāyaṃ ‘‘ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.29). Idhāpi saṅkhāyameva daṭṭhabbo.

Dhamma-saddo pariyattisaccasamādhipaññāpakatipuññāpattisuññatāñeyyasabhāvādīsu dissati. Tathā hissa ‘‘idha bhikkhu dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇātī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.73) pariyatti attho. ‘‘Diṭṭhadhammo’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.299) saccāni. ‘‘Evaṃdhammā te bhagavanto ahesu’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.13; 3.142) samādhi. ‘‘Saccaṃ dhammo dhiti cāgo, save pecca na socatī’’tiādīsu (jā. 1.1.57) paññā. ‘‘Jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjatī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.398) pakati. ‘‘Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāri’’ntiādīsu (jā. 1.10.102) puññaṃ. ‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ aññatarena vadeyya pārājikena vā saṅghādisesena vā pācittiyena vā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 444) āpatti. ‘‘Tasmiṃ kho pana samaye dhammā hontī’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 121) suññatā. ‘‘Sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchantī’’tiādīsu (mahāni. 156; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85) ñeyyo. ‘‘Kusalā dhammā akusalā dhammā’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. tikamātikā 1) sabhāvo attho. Idhāpi sabhāvo. Tasmā ekadhammanti ekaṃ saṃkilesasabhāvanti adhippāyo. Eko ca so dhammo cāti ekadhammo, taṃ ekadhammaṃ.

Bhikkhaveti bhikkhū ālapati. Kimatthaṃ pana bhagavā dhammaṃ desento bhikkhū ālapati, na dhammameva desetīti? Satijananatthaṃ. Bhikkhū hi aññaṃ cintentāpi dhammaṃ paccavekkhantāpi kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasi karontāpi nisinnā honti. Te paṭhamaṃ anālapitvā dhamme desiyamāne ‘‘ayaṃ desanā kiṃnidānā, kiṃpaccayā’’ti sallakkhetuṃ na sakkonti. Ālapite pana satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sallakkhetuṃ sakkonti, tasmā satijananatthaṃ ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti ālapati. Tena ca tesaṃ bhikkhanasīlatādiguṇayogasiddhena vacanena hīnādhikajanasevitaṃ vuttiṃ pakāsento uddhatadīnabhāvaniggahaṃ karoti. ‘‘Bhikkhave’’ti iminā karuṇāvipphārasommahadayanayananipātapubbaṅgamena vacanena te attano mukhābhimukhe karonto tena ca kathetukamyatādīpakena vacanena nesaṃ sotukamyataṃ janeti. Teneva ca sambodhanatthena sādhukaṃ savanamanasikārepi niyojeti. Sādhukaṃ savanamanasikārāyattā hi sāsanasampatti.

Aññesupi devamanussesu parisapariyāpannesu vijjamānesu kasmā bhikkhū eva āmantesīti? Jeṭṭhaseṭṭhāsannasadāsannihitabhāvato. Sabbaparisasādhāraṇā hi bhagavato dhammadesanā, parisāya ca jeṭṭhā bhikkhū paṭhamuppannattā, seṭṭhā anagāriyabhāvaṃ ādiṃ katvā satthu cariyānuvidhāyakattā sakalasāsanapaṭiggāhakattā ca, āsannā tattha nisinnesu samīpavuttiyā, sadāsannihitā satthusantikāvacarattā. Apica te dhammadesanāya bhājanaṃ yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattisabbhāvato, visesato ca ekacce bhikkhū sandhāya ayaṃ desanāti te eva ālapi.

Pajahathāti ettha pahānaṃ nāma tadaṅgappahānaṃ, vikkhambhanappahānaṃ, samucchedappahānaṃ, paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ, nissaraṇappahānanti pañcavidhaṃ. Tattha yaṃ dīpālokeneva tamassa paṭipakkhabhāvato alobhādīhi lobhādikassa, nāmarūpaparicchedādivipassanāñāṇehi tassa tassa anatthassa pahānaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – pariccāgena lobhādimalassa, sīlena pāṇātipātādidussīlyassa, saddhādīhi assaddhiyādikassa, nāmarūpavavatthānena sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā, paccayapariggahena ahetuvisamahetudiṭṭhīnaṃ, tasseva aparabhāgena kaṅkhāvitaraṇena kathaṃkathībhāvassa, kalāpasammasanena ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti gāhassa, maggāmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya, udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā, vayadassanena sassatadiṭṭhiyā, bhayadassanena sabhayesu abhayasaññāya, ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya, nibbidānupassanena abhiratisaññāya, muccitukamyatāñāṇena amuccitukamyatāya upekkhāñāṇena anupekkhāya, anulomena dhammaṭṭhitiyā, nibbānena paṭilomabhāvassa, gotrabhunā saṅkhāranimittaggāhassa pahānaṃ, etaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ nāma.

Yaṃ pana upacārappanābhedena samādhinā pavattibhāvanivāraṇato ghaṭappahāreneva udakapiṭṭhe sevālassa tesaṃ tesaṃ nīvaraṇādidhammānaṃ pahānaṃ, etaṃ vikkhambhanappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato attano santāne ‘‘diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāyā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 277; vibha. 628) nayena vuttassa samudayapakkhiyassa kilesagaṇassa accantaṃ appavattibhāvena samucchindanaṃ, idaṃ samucchedappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana phalakkhaṇe paṭippassaddhattaṃ kilesānaṃ, etaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭattā pahīnasabbasaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ, etaṃ nissaraṇappahānaṃ nāma. Evaṃ pañcavidhe pahāne anāgāmikabhāvakarassa pahānassa adhippetattā idha samucchedappahānanti veditabbaṃ. Tasmā pajahathāti pariccajatha, samucchindathāti attho.

Ahanti bhagavā attānaṃ niddisati. Voti ayaṃ vosaddo paccattaupayogakaraṇasāmivacanapadapūraṇasampadānesu dissati. Tathā hi ‘‘kacci, pana vo anuruddhā, samaggā sammodamānā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.326) paccatte āgato. ‘‘Gacchatha, bhikkhave, paṇāmemi vo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.157) upayoge. ‘‘Na vo mama santike vatthabba’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.157) karaṇe. ‘‘Sabbesaṃ vo, sāriputta, subhāsita’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.345) sāmivacane. ‘‘Ye hi vo ariyā parisuddhakāyakammantā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.35) padapūraṇe. ‘‘Vanapatthapariyāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.190) sampadāne. Idhāpi sampadāne eva daṭṭhabbo.

Pāṭibhogoti paṭibhū. So hi dhāraṇakaṃ paṭicca dhanikassa, dhanikaṃ paṭicca dhāraṇakassa paṭinidhibhūto dhanikasantakassa tato haraṇādisaṅkhātena bhuñjanena bhogoti paṭibhogo, paṭibhogo eva pāṭibhogo. Anāgāmitāyāti anāgāmibhāvatthāya. Paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena hi kāmabhavassa anāgamanato anāgāmī. Yo yassa dhammassa adhigamena anāgāmīti vuccati, saphalo so tatiyamaggo anāgāmitā nāma. Iti bhagavā veneyyadamanakusalo veneyyajjhāsayānukūlaṃ tatiyamaggādhigamaṃ lahunā upāyena ekadhammapūraṇatāmattena thiraṃ katvā dassesi yathā taṃ sammāsambuddho. Bhinnabhūmikāpi hi paṭighasaṃyojanādayo tatiyamaggavajjhā kilesā kāmarāgappahānaṃ nātivattantīti.

Kasmā panettha bhagavā attānaṃ pāṭibhogabhāve ṭhapesi? Tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anāgāmimaggādhigamāya ussāhajananatthaṃ. Passati hi bhagavā ‘‘mayā ‘ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha, ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’ti vutte ime bhikkhū addhā taṃ ekadhammaṃ pahāya sakkā tatiyabhūmiṃ samadhigantuṃ, yato dhammassāmi paṭhamamāha ‘ahaṃ pāṭibhogo’ti ussāhajātā tadatthāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ maññissantī’’ti. Tasmā ussāhajananatthaṃ anāgāmitāya tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ attānaṃ pāṭibhogabhāve ṭhapesi.

Katamaṃ ekadhammanti ettha katamanti pucchāvacanaṃ. Pucchā ca nāmesā pañcavidhā – adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā, diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchā, vimaticchedanāpucchā, anumatipucchā, kathetukamyatāpucchāti. Tattha pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ, tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhūtatthāya vibhāvanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā. Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ. So aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchā. Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhando hoti vimatipakkhando dveḷhakajāto – ‘‘evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho’’ti, so vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ vimaticchedanāpucchā. Bhagavā hi anumatiggahaṇatthaṃ pañhaṃ pucchati – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 3.59; mahāva. 21), ayaṃ anumatipucchā. Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ kathetukamyatāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ‘‘cattārome, bhikkhave, āhārā bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāya. Katame cattāro’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.11) ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchā.

Tattha purimā tisso pucchā buddhānaṃ natthi. Kasmā? Tīsu hi addhāsu kiñci saṅkhataṃ addhāvimuttaṃ vā asaṅkhataṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ nāma natthi. Tena nesaṃ adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā natthi. Yaṃ pana tehi attano ñāṇena paṭividdhaṃ, tassa aññena samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā saddhiṃ saṃsandanakiccaṃ natthi, tena nesaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchāpi natthi. Yasmā pana buddhā bhagavanto akathaṃkathī tiṇṇavicikicchā sabbadhammesu vigatasaṃsayā, tena nesaṃ vimaticchedanāpucchāpi natthi. Itarā pana dve pucchā atthi, tāsu ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchāti veditabbā.

Idāni tāya pucchāya puṭṭhamatthaṃ sarūpato dassento ‘‘lobhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhamma’’ntiādimāha. Tattha lubbhanti tena, sayaṃ vā lubbhati, lubbhanamattameva vā tanti lobho. Svāyaṃ ārammaṇaggahaṇalakkhaṇo makkaṭālepo viya, abhisaṅgaraso tattakapāle pakkhittamaṃsapesi viya, apariccāgapaccupaṭṭhāno telañjanarāgo viya, saṃyojaniyesu dhammesu assādadassanapadaṭṭhāno, taṇhānadibhāvena vaḍḍhamāno yattha samuppanno, sīghasotā nadī viya mahāsamuddaṃ apāyameva taṃ sattaṃ gahetvā gacchatīti daṭṭhabbo. Kiñcāpi ayaṃ lobhasaddo sabbalobhasāmaññavacano, idha pana kāmarāgavacanoti veditabbo. So hi anāgāmimaggavajjho.

Puna bhikkhaveti ālapanaṃ dhammassa paṭiggāhakabhāvena abhimukhībhūtānaṃ tattha ādarajananatthaṃ. Pajahathāti iminā pahānābhisamayo vihito, so ca pariññāsacchikiriyābhāvanābhisamayehi saddhiṃ eva pavattati, na visunti catusaccādhiṭṭhānāni cattāripi sammādiṭṭhiyā kiccāni vihitāneva honti. Yathā ca ‘‘lobhaṃ pajahathā’’ti vutte pahānekaṭṭhabhāvato dosādīnampi pahānaṃ atthato vuttameva hoti, evaṃ samudayasaccavisaye sammādiṭṭhikicce pahānābhisamaye vutte tassā sahakārīkāraṇabhūtānaṃ sammāsaṅkappādīnaṃ sesamaggaṅgānampi samudayasaccavisayakiccaṃ atthato vuttameva hotīti paripuṇṇo ariyamaggabyāpāro idha kathitoti daṭṭhabbo. Iminā nayena satipaṭṭhānādīnampi bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ byāpārassa idha vuttabhāvo yathārahaṃ vitthāretabbo.

Apicettha lobhaṃ pajahathāti etena pahānapariññā vuttā. Sā ca tīraṇapariññādhiṭṭhānā, tīraṇapariññā ca ñātapariññādhiṭṭhānāti avinābhāvena tissopi pariññā bodhitā honti. Evamettha saha phalena catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ katvā pakāsitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā lobhaṃ pajahathāti saha phalena ñāṇadassanavisuddhi desitā. Sā ca paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhisannissayā…pe… cittavisuddhisīlavisuddhisannissayā cāti nānantarikabhāvena saha phalena sabbāpi satta visuddhiyo vibhāvitāti veditabbaṃ.

Evametāya visuddhikkamabhāvanāya pariññāttayasampādanena lobhaṃ pajahitukāmena –

‘‘Anatthajanano lobho, lobho cittappakopano;

Bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.

‘‘Luddho atthaṃ na jānāti, luddho dhammaṃ na passati;

Andhatamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ lobho sahate naraṃ’’. (itivu. 88);

Ratto kho, āvuso, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, sandhimpi chindati, nillopampi harati, ekāgārikampi karoti, paripanthepi tiṭṭhati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaṇati. Tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ avedayataṃ taṇhānugatānaṃ paritassitaṃ vipphanditameva (a. ni. 3.54).

‘‘Taṇhādutiyo puriso, dīghamaddhāna saṃsaraṃ;

Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, saṃsāraṃ nātivattati’’. (itivu. 15, 105);

‘‘Natthi rāgasamo aggi, natthi dosasamo kali’’. (dha. pa. 202, 251);

‘‘Kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati’’. (saṃ. ni. 1.212);

‘‘Ye rāgarattānupatanti sotaṃ, sayaṃkataṃ makkaṭakova jāla’’nti. (dha. pa. 347) ca –

Evamādisuttapadānusārena nānānayehi lobhassa ādīnavaṃ paccavekkhitvā tassa pahānāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ.

Apica cha dhammā kāmarāgassa pahānāya saṃvattanti, asubhanimittassa uggaho, asubhabhāvanānuyogo, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, kalyāṇamittatā, sappāyakathāti. Dasavidhañhi asubhanimittaṃ uggaṇhantassāpi kāmarāgo pahīyati, kāyagatāsatibhāvanāvasena saviññāṇake uddhumātakādivasena aviññāṇake asubhe asubhabhāvanānuyogamanuyuttassāpi, manacchaṭṭhesu indriyesu saṃvaraṇavasena satikavāṭena pihitadvārassāpi, catunnaṃ pañcannaṃ vā ālopānaṃ okāse sati udakaṃ pivitvā yāpanasīlatāya bhojane mattaññunopi. Tenevāha –

‘‘Cattāro pañca ālope, abhutvā udakaṃ pive;

Alaṃ phāsuvihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno’’ti. (theragā. 983);

Asubhakammaṭṭhānabhāvanārate kalyāṇamitte sevantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu dasaasubhanissitasappāyakathāyapi pahīyati. Tenevāha –

‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave, asubhanimittaṃ, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā kāmacchandassa anuppādāya uppannassa vā kāmacchandassa pahānāyā’’ti.

Evaṃ pubbabhāge kāmarāgasaṅkhātassa lobhassa pahānāya paṭipanno vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā tatiyamaggena taṃ anavasesato samucchindati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘lobhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha, ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti.

Etthāha ‘‘ko panettha lobho pahīyati, kiṃ atīto, atha anāgato, udāhu paccuppanno’’ti? Kiñcettha – na tāva atīto lobho pahīyeyya, na anāgato vā tesaṃ abhāvato. Na hi niruddhaṃ anuppannaṃ vā atthīti vuccati, vāyāmo ca aphalo āpajjati. Atha paccuppanno, evampi aphalo vāyāmo tassa sarasabhaṅgattā, saṃkiliṭṭhā ca maggabhāvanā āpajjati, cittavippayutto vā lobho siyā, na cāyaṃ nayo icchitoti. Vuccate – na vuttanayena atītānāgatapaccuppanno lobho pahīyati. Seyyathāpi idha taruṇarukkho asañjātaphalo, taṃ puriso kuṭhāriyā mūle chindeyya, tassa rukkhassa chede asati yāni phalāni nibbatteyyuṃ, tāni rukkhassa chinnattā ajātāni eva na jāyeyyuṃ, evameva ariyamaggādhigame asati uppajjanāraho lobho ariyamaggādhigamena paccayaghātassa katattā na uppajjati. Ayañhi aṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘bhūmiladdhuppanno’’ti vuccati. Vipassanāya hi ārammaṇabhūtā pañcakkhandhā tassa uppajjanaṭṭhānatāya bhūmi nāma. Sā bhūmi tena laddhāti katvā bhūmiladdhuppanno. Ārammaṇādhiggahituppanno avikkhambhituppanno asamūhatuppannoti ca ayameva vuccati.

Tatthāti tasmiṃ sutte. Etanti etaṃ atthajātaṃ. Idāni gāthābandhavasena vuccamānaṃ. Iti vuccatīti kena pana vuccati? Bhagavatā va. Aññesu hi tādisesu ṭhānesu saṅgītikārehi upanibandhagāthā honti, idha pana bhagavatā va gāthārucikānaṃ puggalānaṃ ajjhāsayavasena vuttamevatthaṃ saṅgahetvā gāthā bhāsitā.

Tattha yena lobhena luddhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatinti yena ārammaṇaggahaṇalakkhaṇena tato eva abhisaṅgarasena lobhena luddhā ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu giddhā gadhitā. Seti hi nipātamattaṃ. Akkharacintakā pana īdisesu ṭhānesu se-kārāgamaṃ icchanti. Tathā luddhattā eva kāyasucaritādīsu kiñci sucaritaṃ akatvā kāyaduccaritādīni ca upacinitvā rūpādīsu sattavisattatāya sattāti laddhanāmā pāṇino dukkhassa nibbattiṭṭhānatāya duggatīti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ nirayaṃ tiracchānayoniṃ pettivisayañca paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena gacchanti upapajjanti.

Taṃ lobhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassinoti taṃ yathāvuttaṃ lobhaṃ sabhāvato samudayato atthaṅgamato assādato ādīnavato nissaraṇatoti imehi ākārehi sammā aviparītaṃ hetunā ñāyena aññāya ñātatīraṇapariññāsaṅkhātāya paññāya jānitvā rūpādike pañcupādānakkhandhe aniccādīhi vividhehi ākārehi passanato vipassino avasiṭṭhakilese vipassanāpaññāpubbaṅgamāya maggapaññāya samucchedappahānavasena pajahanti, na puna attano santāne uppajjituṃ denti. Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācananti evaṃ sahajekaṭṭhapahānekaṭṭhehi avasiṭṭhakilesehi saddhiṃ taṃ lobhaṃ anāgāmimaggena pajahitvā puna pacchā imaṃ kāmadhātusaṅkhātaṃ lokaṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena kadācipi na āgacchanti orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ suppahīnattā. Iti bhagavā anāgāmiphalena desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.

Ayampi atthoti nidānāvasānato pabhuti yāva gāthāpariyosānā iminā suttena pakāsito attho. Api-saddo idāni vakkhamānasuttatthasampiṇḍano. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Imasmiṃ sutte samudayasaccaṃ sarūpeneva āgataṃ, pahānāpadesena maggasaccaṃ. Itaraṃ saccadvayañca tadubhayahetutāya niddhāretabbaṃ. Gāthāya pana dukkhasamudayamaggasaccāni yathārutavaseneva ñāyanti, itaraṃ niddhāretabbaṃ. Eseva nayo ito paresupi suttesu.

2.Vuttañhetaṃ …pe… dosanti dutiyasuttaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ apubbapadavaṇṇanā. Yathā ettha, evaṃ ito paresupi sabbattha apubbapadavaṇṇanaṃyeva karissāma. Yasmā idaṃ suttaṃ dosabahulānaṃ puggalānaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā dosavūpasamanatthaṃ desitaṃ, tasmā ‘‘dosaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahathā’’ti āgataṃ. Tattha dosanti ‘‘anatthaṃ me acarīti āghāto jāyatī’’tiādinā (vibha. 960) nayena sutte vuttānaṃ navannaṃ, ‘‘atthaṃ me nācarī’’tiādīnañca tappaṭipakkhato siddhānaṃ navannamevāti aṭṭhārasannaṃ khāṇukaṇṭakādinā aṭṭhānena saddhiṃ ekūnavīsatiyā aññatarāghātavatthusambhavaṃ āghātaṃ. So hi dussanti tena, sayaṃ vā dussati, dussanamattameva vā tanti dosoti vuccati. So caṇḍikkalakkhaṇo pahaṭāsīviso viya, visappanaraso visanipāto viya, attano nissayadahanaraso vā dāvaggi viya, dussanapaccupaṭṭhāno laddhokāso viya sapatto, yathāvuttaāghātavatthupadaṭṭhāno visasaṃsaṭṭhapūtimuttaṃ viya daṭṭhabbo. Pajahathāti samucchindatha. Tattha ye ime –

‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, āghātapaṭivinayā, yattha bhikkhuno uppanno āghāto sabbaso paṭivinetabbo. Katame pañca? Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, puggale āghāto jāyetha, mettā tasmiṃ puggale bhāvetabbā…pe… karuṇā…pe… upekkhā, asatiamanasikāro tasmiṃ puggale āpajjitabbo, evaṃ tasmiṃ puggale āghāto paṭivinetabbo. Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, puggale āghāto jāyetha, kammassakatā tasmiṃ puggale adhiṭṭhātabbā ‘kammassako ayamāyasmā kammadāyādo…pe… bhavissatī’’ti (a. ni. 5.161) –

Evaṃ pañca āghātappaṭivinayā vuttāyeva.

‘‘Pañcime, āvuso, āghātapaṭivinayā, yattha bhikkhuno uppanno āghāto sabbaso paṭivinetabbo. Katame pañca? Idhāvuso, ekacco puggalo aparisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti parisuddhavacīsamācāro; evarūpepi, āvuso, puggale āghāto paṭivinetabbo’’ti (a. ni. 5.162) –

Evamādināpi nayena pañca āghātapaṭivinayā vuttā, tesu yena kenaci āghātapaṭivinayavidhinā paccavekkhitvā. Apica yo –

‘‘Ubhatodaṇḍakena cepi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ, tatrāpi yo mano padūseyya, na me so tena sāsanakaro’’ti (ma. ni. 1.232) satthu ovādo.

‘‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati;

Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.

‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca;

Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati. (saṃ. ni. 1.188);

‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, dhammā sapattakantā sapattakaraṇā kodhanaṃ āgacchanti itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Katame satta? Idha, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati, ‘aho vatāyaṃ dubbaṇṇo assā’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa vaṇṇavatāya nandati. Kodhanoyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto kiñcāpi so hoti sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu odātavatthavasano, atha kho so dubbaṇṇova hoti kodhābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā.

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati ‘aho vatāyaṃ dukkhaṃ sayeyyā’ti…pe… na pacurattho assāti…pe… na bhogavā assāti…pe… na yasavā assāti…pe… na mittavā assāti…pe… kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyāti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa sugatigamane nandati. Kodhanoyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā…pe… nirayaṃ upapajjati kodhābhibhūto’’ti (a. ni. 7.64).

‘‘Kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti, kuddho dhammaṃ na passati…pe…. (a. ni. 7.64);

‘‘Kodhaṃ jahe vippajaheyya mānaṃ, saṃyojanaṃ sabbamatikkameyya. (dha. pa. 221);

‘‘Anatthajanano kodho, kodho cittappakopano…pe…. (a. ni. 7.64);

‘‘Kodhaṃ chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kodhaṃ chetvā na socati;

Kodhassa visamūlassa, madhuraggassa brāhmaṇā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.187);

‘‘Ekāparādhaṃ khama bhūripañña,

Na paṇḍitā kodhabalā bhavantī’’ti. –

Evamādinā nayena dose ādīnave vuttappaṭipakkhato dosappahāne ānisaṃse ca paccavekkhitvā pubbabhāge dosaṃ tadaṅgappahānādivasena pajahitvā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā tatiyamaggena sabbaso dosaṃ samucchindatha, pajahathāti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tattha niyojanaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘dosaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahathā’’ti. Duṭṭhāseti āghātena dūsitacittatāya paduṭṭhā. Sesamettha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayameva.

3.Tatiye mohanti aññāṇaṃ. Tañhi dukkhe aññāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye aññāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe aññāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya aññāṇantiādinā nayena vibhāgena anekappabhedampi muyhanti. Tena sayaṃ vā muyhati muyhanamattameva vā tanti mohoti vuccati. So cittassa andhabhāvalakkhaṇo, aññāṇalakkhaṇo vā, asampaṭivedharaso, ārammaṇasabhāvacchādanaraso vā, asammāppaṭipattipaccupaṭṭhāno, andhakārapaccupaṭṭhāno vā, ayonisomanasikārapadaṭṭhāno, sabbākusalānaṃ mūlanti daṭṭhabbo. Idhāpi pajahathāti padassa –

‘‘Mūḷho atthaṃ na jānāti, mūḷho dhammaṃ na passati;

Andhatamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ moho sahate naraṃ’’. (itivu. 88);

‘‘Anatthajanano moho…pe…. (itivu. 88);

‘‘Avijjā, bhikkhave, pubbaṅgamā akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā’’ (itivu. 40);

‘‘Mohasambandhano loko, bhabbarūpova dissati’’; (Udā. 70);

‘‘Moho nidānaṃ kammānaṃ samudayāya’’ (a. ni. 3.34);

‘‘Mūḷho kho, brāhmaṇa, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto diṭṭhadhammikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, samparāyikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavatī’’ti ca –

Ādinā nayena ‘‘yo koci dhammo kāmacchandādisaṃkilesadhammehi nibbattetabbo, atthato sabbo so mohahetuko’’ti ca mohe ādīnavaṃ tappaṭipakkhato mohappahāne ānisaṃsañca paccavekkhitvā kāmacchandādippahānakkameneva pubbabhāge tadaṅgādivasena mohaṃ pajahantā tatiyamaggena yathāvuttalobhadosekaṭṭhaṃ mohaṃ samucchedavasena pajahathāti attho daṭṭhabbo. Anāgāmimaggavajjho eva hi moho idhādhippetoti. Mūḷhāseti kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjādibhede attano hitāhite sammūḷhā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

4.Catutthe kodhanti dosaṃ. Doso eva hi kodhapariyāyena bujjhanakānaṃ puggalānaṃ ajjhāsayavasena evaṃ vutto. Tasmā dutiyasutte vuttanayenevettha attho veditabbo. Apica kujjhanalakkhaṇo kodho, āghātakaraṇaraso, cittassa byāpattibhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno, cetaso pūtibhāvoti daṭṭhabboti ayampi viseso veditabbo.

5.Pañcame makkhanti paraguṇamakkhanaṃ. Yadipi hi so gūthaṃ gahetvā paraṃ paharanto viya attano karaṃ paṭhamataraṃ makkhatiyeva, tathāpi paresaṃ guṇamakkhanādhippāyena pavattetabbattā ‘‘paraguṇamakkhano’’ti vuccati. Tathā hi so udakapuñchanamiva nhātassa sarīragataṃ udakaṃ paresaṃ guṇe makkheti puñchati vināseti, parehi vā katānaṃ mahantānampi kārānaṃ khepanato dhaṃsanato makkhoti vuccati. So paraguṇamakkhanalakkhaṇo, tesaṃ vināsanaraso, tadavacchādanapaccupaṭṭhāno. Atthato pana paresaṃ guṇamakkhanākārena pavatto domanassasahagatacittuppādoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pajahathāti tattha vuttappabhedaṃ dosaṃ, dose ca vuttanayaṃ ādīnavaṃ, pahāne cassa ānisaṃsaṃ paccavekkhitvā pubbabhāge tadaṅgādivasena pajahantā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā tatiyamaggena anavasesaṃ samucchindathāti attho. Makkhāseti makkhitā makkhitaparaguṇā, paresaṃ guṇānaṃ makkhitāro, tato eva attanopi dhaṃsitaguṇāti attho. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

6.Chaṭṭhe mānanti jātiādivatthukaṃ cetaso unnamanaṃ. So hi ‘‘seyyohamasmī’’tiādinā nayena maññanti tena, sayaṃ vā maññati, mānanaṃ sampaggahoti vā mānoti vuccati. Svāyaṃ seyyohamasmīti māno, sadisohamasmīti māno, hīnohamasmīti mānoti evaṃ tividho. Puna seyyassa seyyohamasmīti māno, seyyassa sadiso, seyyassa hīno; sadisassa seyyo, sadisassa sadiso, sadisassa hīno; hīnassa seyyo, hīnassa sadiso, hīnassa hīnohamasmīti mānoti evaṃ navavidhopi unnatilakkhaṇo, ahaṃkāraraso, sampaggaharaso vā, uddhumātabhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno, ketukamyatāpaccupaṭṭhāno vā, diṭṭhivippayuttalobhapadaṭṭhāno ummādo viyāti daṭṭhabbo. Pajahathāti tassa sabbassapi attukkaṃsanaparavambhananimittatā, garuṭṭhāniyesu abhivādanapaccupaṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammādīnaṃ akaraṇe kāraṇatā, jātimadapurisamadādibhāvena pamādāpattihetubhāvoti evamādibhedaṃ ādīnavaṃ tappaṭipakkhato niratimānatāya ānisaṃsañca paccavekkhitvā rājasabhaṃ anuppatto caṇḍālo viya sabrahmacārīsu nīcacittataṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā pubbabhāge tadaṅgādivasena taṃ pajahantā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā anāgāmimaggena samucchindathāti attho. Anāgāmimaggavajjho eva hi māno idhādhippeto. Mattāseti jātimadapurisamadādivasena mānena pamādāpattihetubhūtena mattā attānaṃ paggahetvā carantā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Imesu pana paṭipāṭiyā chasu suttesu gāthāsu vā anāgāmiphalaṃ pāpetvā desanā niṭṭhāpitā. Tattha ye ime avihā atappā sudassā sudassī akaniṭṭhāti upapattibhavavasena pañca anāgāmino, tesu avihesu upapannā avihā nāma. Te antarāparinibbāyī, upahaccaparinibbāyī, asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī, uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmīti pañcavidhā, tathā atappā, sudassā, sudassino. Akaniṭṭhesu pana uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī parihāyati. Tattha yo avihādīsu uppajjitvā āyuvemajjhaṃ anatikkamitvā arahattappattiyā kilesaparinibbānena parinibbāyati, ayaṃ antarāparinibbāyī nāma. Yo pana avihādīsu ādito pañcakappasatādibhedaṃ āyuvemajjhaṃ atikkamitvā parinibbāyati, ayaṃ upahaccaparinibbāyī nāma. Yo asaṅkhārena adhimattappayogaṃ akatvā appadukkhena akasirena parinibbāyati, ayaṃ asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī nāma. Yo pana sasaṅkhārena adhimattappayogaṃ katvā dukkhena kicchena kasirena parinibbāyati, ayaṃ sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī nāma. Itaro pana avihādīsu uddhaṃvāhitabhāvena uddhamassa taṇhāsotaṃ, vaṭṭasotaṃ, maggasotameva vāti uddhaṃsoto. Avihādīsu uppajjitvā arahattaṃ pattuṃ asakkonto tattha tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena akaniṭṭhaṃ gacchatīti akaniṭṭhagāmī.

Ettha ca uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī, uddhaṃsoto na akaniṭṭhagāmī, na uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī, na uddhaṃsoto na akaniṭṭhagāmīti catukkaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Yo avihato paṭṭhāya cattāro devaloke sodhetvā akaniṭṭhaṃ gantvā parinibbāyati, ayaṃ uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī nāma. Yo pana heṭṭhā tayo devaloke sodhetvā sudassīdevaloke ṭhatvā parinibbāyati, ayaṃ uddhaṃsoto na akaniṭṭhagāmī nāma. Yo ito akaniṭṭhameva gantvā parinibbāyati, ayaṃ na uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī nāma. Yo pana heṭṭhā catūsu devalokesu tattha tattheva parinibbāyati, ayaṃ na uddhaṃsoto, na akaniṭṭhagāmī nāmāti.

Tattha avihesu uppajjitvā kappasatato uddhaṃ parinibbāyiko, dvinnaṃ kappasatānaṃ matthake parinibbāyiko, pañcakappasate asampatte parinibbāyikoti tayo antarāparinibbāyino. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘upapannaṃ vā samanantarā appattaṃ vā vemajjha’’nti (pu. pa. 36). Vā-saddena hi pattamattopi saṅgahitoti. Evaṃ tayo antarāparinibbāyino, eko upahaccaparinibbāyī eko uddhaṃsoto. Tesu asaṅkhāraparinibbāyino pañca, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyino pañcāti dasa honti. Tathā atappāsudassāsudassīsūti cattāro dasakā cattārīsaṃ akaniṭṭhe pana uddhaṃsotassa abhāvato tayo antarāparinibbāyino, eko upahaccaparinibbāyīti asaṅkhāraparinibbāyino cattāro, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyino cattāroti aṭṭha, evamete aṭṭhacattārīsaṃ anāgāmino. Te sabbepi imesu suttesu avisesavacanena gahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

7.Sattame sabbanti anavasesaṃ. Anavasesavācako hi ayaṃ sabba-saddo. So yena yena sambandhaṃ gacchati, tassa tassa anavasesataṃ dīpeti; yathā ‘‘sabbaṃ rūpaṃ, sabbā vedanā, sabbasakkāyapariyāpannesu dhammesū’’ti. So panāyaṃ sabba-saddo sappadesanippadesavisayatāya duvidho. Tathā hesa sabbasabbaṃ, padesasabbaṃ, āyatanasabbaṃ, sakkāyasabbanti catūsu visayesu diṭṭhappayogo. Tattha ‘‘sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthamāgacchantī’’tiādīsu (cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85) sabbasabbasmiṃ āgato. ‘‘Sabbesaṃ vo, sāriputtā, subhāsitaṃ pariyāyenā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.345) padesasabbasmiṃ. ‘‘Sabbaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi, cakkhuñceva rūpañca…pe…. Manañceva dhamme cā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.23-25) ettha āyatanasabbasmiṃ. ‘‘Sabbadhammamūlapariyāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.1) sakkāyasabbasmiṃ. Tattha sabbasabbasmiṃ āgato nippadesavisayo, itaresu tīsupi āgato sappadesavisayo. Idha pana sakkāyasabbasmiṃ veditabbo. Vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā tebhūmakadhammā hi idha ‘‘sabba’’nti anavasesato gahitā.

Anabhijānanti ‘‘ime dhammā kusalā, ime akusalā, ime sāvajjā, ime anavajjā’’tiādinā ‘‘ime pañcakkhandhā, imāni dvādasāyatanāni, imā aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo ariyasacca’’nti ca ādinā sabbe abhiññeyye dhamme aviparītasabhāvato anabhijānanto abhivisiṭṭhena ñāṇena na jānanto. Aparijānanti na parijānanto. Yo hi sabbaṃ tebhūmakadhammajātaṃ parijānāti, so tīhi pariññāhi parijānāti – ñātapariññāya, tīraṇapariññāya, pahānapariññāya. Tattha katamā ñātapariññā? Sabbaṃ tebhūmakaṃ nāmarūpaṃ – ‘‘idaṃ rūpaṃ, ettakaṃ rūpaṃ, na ito bhiyyo. Idaṃ nāmaṃ, ettakaṃ nāmaṃ, na ito bhiyyo’’ti bhūtappasādādippabhedaṃ rūpaṃ, phassādippabhedaṃ nāmañca, lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānato vavatthapeti. Tassa avijjādikañca paccayaṃ pariggaṇhāti. Ayaṃ ñātapariññā. Katamā tīraṇapariññā? Evaṃ ñātaṃ katvā taṃ sabbaṃ tīreti aniccato dukkhato rogatoti dvācattālīsāya ākārehi. Ayaṃ tīraṇapariññā. Katamā pahānapariññā? Evaṃ tīrayitvā aggamaggena sabbasmiṃ chandarāgaṃ pajahati. Ayaṃ pahānapariññā.

Diṭṭhivisuddhikaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhiyopi ñātapariññā. Maggāmaggapaṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhiyo kalāpasammasanādianulomapariyosānā vā paññā tīraṇapariññā. Ariyamaggena pajahanaṃ pahānapariññā. Yo sabbaṃ parijānāti, so imāhi tīhi pariññāhi parijānāti. Idha pana virāgappahānānaṃ paṭikkhepavasena visuṃ gahitattā ñātapariññāya tīraṇapariññāya ca vasena parijānanā veditabbā. Yo panevaṃ na parijānāti, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘aparijāna’’nti.

Tattha cittaṃ avirājayanti tasmiṃ abhiññeyyavisese pariññeyye attano cittasantānaṃ na virājayaṃ, na virajjanto; yathā tattha rāgo na hoti, evaṃ virāgānupassanaṃ na uppādentoti attho. Appajahanti vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya tattha pahātabbayuttakaṃ kilesavaṭṭaṃ anavasesato na pajahanto. Yathā cetaṃ, evaṃ abhijānanādayopi missakamaggavasena veditabbā. Pubbabhāge hi nānācittavasena ñātatīraṇapahānapariññāhi kamena abhijānanādīni sampādetvā maggakāle ekakkhaṇeneva kiccavasena taṃ sabbaṃ nipphādentaṃ ekameva ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti. Abhabbo dukkhakkhayāyāti nibbānāya sakalassa vaṭṭadukkhassa khepanāya na bhabbo, nālaṃ na samatthoti attho.

Sabbañca khoti ettha ca-saddo byatireke, kho-saddo avadhāraṇe. Tadubhayena abhijānanādito laddhabbaṃ visesaṃ dukkhakkhayassa ca ekantakāraṇaṃ dīpeti. Abhijānanādīsu yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ vuttameva. Tattha pana paṭikkhepavasena vuttaṃ, idha vidhānavasena veditabbaṃ. Ayameva viseso. Apica abhijānanti upādānakkhandhapañcakasaṅkhātaṃ sakkāyasabbaṃ sarūpato paccayato ca ñāṇassa abhimukhīkaraṇavasena abhijānanto hutvā abhāvākārādipariggahena taṃ aniccādilakkhaṇehi paricchijjamānavasena parijānanto. Virājayanti sammadevassa aniccatādiavabodhena uppannabhayādīnavanibbidādiñāṇānubhāvena attano cittaṃ virattaṃ karonto tattha aṇumattampi rāgaṃ anuppādento. Pajahanti vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāsahitāya maggapaññāya samudayapakkhiyaṃ kilesavaṭṭaṃ pajahanto samucchindanto. Bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyāti evaṃ kilesamalappahāneneva sabbassa kammavaṭṭassa parikkhīṇattā anavasesavipākavaṭṭakhepanāya sakalasaṃsāravaṭṭadukkhaparikkhayabhūtāya vā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā bhabbo ekantenetaṃ pāpuṇitunti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.

Yo sabbaṃ sabbato ñatvāti yo yuttayogo āraddhavipassako sabbaṃ tebhūmakadhammajātaṃ sabbato sabbabhāgena kusalādikkhandhādivibhāgato dukkhādipīḷanādivibhāgato ca. Atha vā sabbatoti sabbasmā kakkhaḷaphusanādilakkhaṇādito aniccādito cāti sabbākārato jānitvā vipassanāpubbaṅgamena maggañāṇena paṭivijjhitvā, vipassanāñāṇeneva vā jānanahetu. Sabbatthesu na rajjatīti sabbesu atītādivasena anekabhedabhinnesu sakkāyadhammesu na rajjati, ariyamaggādhigamena rāgaṃ na janeti. Imināssa taṇhāgāhassa abhāvaṃ dassento taṃ nimittattā diṭṭhamānaggāhānaṃ ‘‘etaṃ mama esohamasmi, eso me attā’’ti imassa micchāgāhattayassapi abhāvaṃ dasseti. Sa veti ettha sa-iti nipātamattaṃ. Ve-ti byattaṃ, ekaṃsenāti vā etasmiṃ atthe nipāto. Sabbapariññāti sabbaparijānanato, yathāvuttassa sabbassa abhisamayavasena parijānanato. Soti yathāvutto yogāvacaro, ariyo eva vā. Sabbadukkhamupaccagāti sabbaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ accagā atikkami, samatikkamīti attho.

8.Aṭṭhame apubbaṃ natthi, kevalaṃ mānavasena desanā pavattā. Gāthāsu pana mānupetā ayaṃ pajāti kammakilesehi pajāyatīti pajāti laddhanāmā ime sattā maññanalakkhaṇena mānena upetā upagatā. Mānaganthā bhave ratāti kimikīṭapaṭaṅgādiattabhāvepi mānena ganthitā mānasaṃyojanena saṃyuttā. Tato eva dīgharattaṃ paribhāvitāhaṃkāravasena ‘‘etaṃ mamā’’ti saṅkhāresu ajjhosānabahulattā tattha niccasukhaattādivipallāsavasena ca kāmādibhave ratā. Mānaṃ aparijānantāti mānaṃ tīhi pariññāhi na parijānantā. Arahattamaggañāṇena vā anatikkamantā, ‘‘mānaṃ apariññāyā’’ti keci paṭhanti. Āgantāro punabbhavanti puna āyātiṃ upapattibhavaṃ. Punappunaṃ bhavanato vā punabbhavasaṅkhātaṃ saṃsāraṃ aparāparaṃ parivattanavasena gantāro upagantāro honti, bhavato na parimuccantīti attho. Ye ca mānaṃ pahantvāna, vimuttā mānasaṅkhayeti ye pana arahattamaggena sabbaso mānaṃ pajahitvā mānassa accantasaṅkhayabhūte arahattaphale nibbāne vā tadekaṭṭhasabbakilesavimuttiyā vimuttā suṭṭhu muttā. Te mānaganthābhibhuno, sabbadukkhamupaccagunti te parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā arahanto sabbaso mānaganthaṃ mānasaṃyojanaṃ samucchedappahānena abhibhavitvā ṭhitā, anavasesaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ atikkamiṃsūti attho. Evametasmiṃ sattamasutte ca arahattaṃ kathitanti.

9-10.Navamadasamesu apubbaṃ natthi. Desanāvilāsavasena tathā bujjhanakānaṃ veneyyānaṃ ajjhāsayavasena vā tathā desitānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.