Ganthārambhakathā
Mahākāruṇikaṃ buddhaṃ, dhammañca vimalaṃ varaṃ;
Vande ariyasaṅghañca, dakkhiṇeyyaṃ niraṅgaṇaṃ.
Uḷārapuññatejena, katvā sattuvimaddanaṃ;
Pattarajjābhisekena, sāsanujjotanatthinā.
Nissāya sīhaḷindena, yaṃ parakkamabāhunā;
Katvā nikāyasāmaggiṃ, sāsanaṃ suvisodhitaṃ.
Kassapaṃ taṃ mahātheraṃ, saṅghassa pariṇāyakaṃ;
Dīpasmiṃ tambapaṇṇimhi, sāsanodayakārakaṃ.
Paṭipattiparādhīnaṃ, sadāraññanivāsinaṃ;
Pākaṭaṃ gagane canda-maṇḍalaṃ viya sāsane.
Saṅghassa pitaraṃ vande, vinaye suvisāradaṃ;
Yaṃ nissāya vasantohaṃ, vuddhippattosmi sāsane.
Anutheraṃ mahāpuññaṃ, sumedhaṃ sutivissutaṃ;
Avikhaṇḍitasīlādi-parisuddhaguṇodayaṃ.
Bahussutaṃ satimantaṃ, dantaṃ santaṃ samāhitaṃ;
Namāmi sirasā dhīraṃ, garuṃ me gaṇavācakaṃ.
Āgatāgamatakkesu, saddasatthanayaññusu;
Yassantevāsibhikkhūsu, sāsanaṃ suppatiṭṭhitaṃ.
Vinayaṭṭhakathāyāhaṃ, līnasāratthadīpaniṃ;
Karissāmi suviññeyyaṃ, paripuṇṇamanākulaṃ.
Porāṇehi kataṃ yaṃ tu, līnatthassa pakāsanaṃ;
Na taṃ sabbattha bhikkhūnaṃ, atthaṃ sādheti sabbaso.
Duviññeyyasabhāvāya, sīhaḷāya niruttiyā;
Gaṇṭhipadesvanekesu, likhitaṃ kiñci katthaci.
Māgadhikāya bhāsāya, ārabhitvāpi kenaci;
Bhāsantarehi sammissaṃ, likhitaṃ kiñcideva ca.
Asāraganthabhāropi, tattheva bahu dissati;
Ākulañca kataṃ yattha, suviññeyyampi atthato.
Tato aparipuṇṇena, tādisenettha sabbaso;
Kathamatthaṃ vijānanti, nānādesanivāsino.
Bhāsantaraṃ tato hitvā, sāramādāya sabbaso;
Anākulaṃ karissāmi, paripuṇṇavinicchayanti.
Vinayasaṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayaṃ namassitukāmo tassa visiṭṭhaguṇayogasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘yo kappakoṭīhipī’’tiādimāha. Visiṭṭhaguṇayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe ca katā vandanā yathādhippetamatthaṃ sādheti. Ettha ca saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇappayojanaṃ tattha tattha bahudhā papañcenti ācariyā. Tathā hi vaṇṇayanti –
‘‘Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayavandanā saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa pabhavanissayavisuddhipaṭivedanatthaṃ, taṃ pana dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāsu viññūnaṃ bahumānuppādanatthaṃ, taṃ sammadeva tesaṃ uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamaladdhabbāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbahitasukhanipphādanatthaṃ. Atha vā maṅgalabhāvato, sabbakiriyāsu pubbakiccabhāvato, paṇḍitehi samācaritabhāvato, āyatiṃ paresaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanato ca saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyā’’ti.
Mayaṃ pana idhādhippetameva payojanaṃ dassayissāma. Tasmā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Idameva hi payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati –
‘‘Iccevamaccantanamassaneyyaṃ,
Namassamāno ratanattayaṃ yaṃ;
Puññābhisandaṃ vipulaṃ alatthaṃ,
Tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo’’ti.
Ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇena cettha yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ ratanattayapūjāya paññāpāṭavabhāvato, tāya paññāpāṭavañca rāgādimalavidhamanato. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 11.11).
Tasmā ratanattayapūjanena vikkhālitamalāya paññāya pāṭavasiddhi.
Atha vā ratanattayapūjanassa paññāpadaṭṭhānasamādhihetuttā paññāpāṭavaṃ. Vuttañhi tassa samādhihetuttaṃ –
‘‘Evaṃ ujugatacitto kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vediyati, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyatī’’ti (a. ni. 11.11.).
Samādhissa ca paññāya padaṭṭhānabhāvo vuttoyeva ‘‘samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.99; mi. pa. 2.1.14). Tato evaṃ paṭubhūtāya paññāya paṭiññāmahattakataṃ khedamabhibhuyya anantarāyena saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samāpayissati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘anantarāyena parisamāpanattha’’nti.
Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavaḍḍhanato anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ratanattayapaṇāmena hi āyuvaṇṇasukhabalāni vaḍḍhanti. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Abhivādanasīlissa, niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino;
Cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti, āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ bala’’nti. (dha. pa. 109);
Tato āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavuḍḍhiyā hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānamiti vuttaṃ ‘‘anantarāyena parisamāpanattha’’nti.
Atha vā ratanattayagāravassa paṭibhānāparihānāvahattā. Aparihānāvahañhi tīsupi ratanesu gāravaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, aparihāniyā dhammā. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā dhammagāravatā saṅghagāravatā sikkhāgāravatā samādhigāravatā kalyāṇamittatā sovacassatā’’ti (a. ni. 7.34).
Hoteva ca tato paṭibhānāparihānena yathāpaṭiññātaparisamāpanaṃ.
Atha vā pasādavatthūsu pūjāya puññātisayabhāvato. Vuttañhi tassa puññātisayattaṃ –
‘‘Pūjārahe pūjayato, buddhe yadiva sāvake;
Papañcasamatikkante, tiṇṇasokapariddave.
‘‘Te tādise pūjayato, nibbute akutobhaye;
Na sakkā puññaṃ saṅkhātuṃ, imettamapi kenacī’’ti. (dha. pa. 195-196; apa. thera 1.10.1-2);
Puññātisayo ca yathādhippetaparisamāpanupāyo. Yathāha –
‘‘Esa devamanussānaṃ, sabbakāmadado nidhi;
Yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti. (khu. pā. 8.10);
Upāyesu ca paṭipannassa hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānaṃ. Ratanattayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasaṃbuddhiyā aparimeyyappabhavo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Tasmā suvuttaṃ ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabba’’nti.
Evaṃ pana sappayojanaṃ ratanattayavandanaṃ kattukāmo paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavato vandanaṃ kātuṃ tammūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ ‘‘yo kappa…pe… mahākāruṇikassa tassā’’ti āha. Ettha pana yassā desanāya saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, sā yasmā karuṇāppadhānā, na suttantadesanā viya karuṇāpaññāppadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāppadhānā, tasmā karuṇāppadhānameva bhagavato thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ. Esā hi ācariyassa pakati, yadidaṃ ārambhānurūpathomanā. Teneva suttantadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti karuṇāpaññāppadhānaṃ, abhidhammadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘karuṇā viya sattesu, paññā yassa mahesino’’ti paññāppadhānañca thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ. Karuṇāpaññāppadhānā hi suttantadesanā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ āsayānusayādhimutticariyādibhedaparicchindanasamatthāya paññāya sattesu ca mahākaruṇāya tattha sātisayappavattito. Suttantadesanāya hi mahākaruṇāsamāpattibahulo veneyyasantānesu tadajjhāsayānulomena gambhīramatthapadaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Abhidhammadesanā ca kevalaṃ paññāppadhānā paramatthadhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvapaṭivedhasamatthāya paññāya tattha sātisayappavattito.
Vinayadesanā pana āsayādinirapekkhaṃ kevalaṃ karuṇāya pākatikasattenapi asotabbārahaṃ suṇanto apucchitabbārahaṃ pucchanto avattabbārahañca vadanto bhagavā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesīti karuṇāppadhānā. Tathā hi ukkaṃsapariyantagatahirottappopi bhagavā lokiyasādhujanehipi pariharitabbāni ‘‘sikharaṇīsī’’tiādīni vacanāni yathāparādhañca garahavacanāni vinayapiṭakadesanāya mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso mahāparisamajjhe abhāsi, taṃtaṃsikkhāpadapaññattikāraṇāpekkhāya verañjādīsu sārīrikañca khedamanubhosi. Tasmā kiñcāpi bhūmantarapaccayākārasamayantarakathānaṃ viya vinayapaññattiyāpi samuṭṭhāpikā paññā anaññasādhāraṇatāya atisayakiccavatī, karuṇāya kiccaṃ pana tatopi adhikanti karuṇāppadhānā vinayadesanā. Karuṇābyāpārādhikatāya hi desanāya karuṇāppadhānatā. Tasmā ārambhānurūpaṃ karuṇāppadhānameva ettha thomanaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ.
Karuṇāggahaṇena ca aparimeyyappabhāvā sabbepi buddhaguṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā taṃmūlakattā sesabuddhaguṇānaṃ. Mahākaruṇāya vā chasu asādhāraṇañāṇesu aññatarattā taṃsahacaritasesāsādhāraṇañāṇānampi gahaṇasabbhāvato sabbepi buddhaguṇā nayato dassitāva honti. Esoyeva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo yadidaṃ nayaggāho. Aññathā ko nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ. Tenevāha –
‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,
Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;
Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,
Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425);
Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenapi buddhaguṇaparicchedanaṃ patianuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ, bhante’’ti paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146) vuttaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘yo kappakoṭīhipī’’tiādinā karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ayamettha samudāyattho.
Ayaṃ pana avayavattho – yoti aniyamavacanaṃ. Tassa ‘‘nātho’’ti iminā sambandho. ‘‘Kappakoṭīhipī’’tiādinā pana yāya karuṇāya so ‘‘mahākāruṇiko’’ti vuccati, tassā vasena kappakoṭigaṇanāyapi appameyyaṃ kālaṃ lokahitatthāya atidukkaraṃ karontassa bhagavato dukkhānubhavanaṃ dasseti. Karuṇāya baleneva hi so bhagavā hatthagatampi nibbānaṃ pahāya saṃsārapaṅke nimuggaṃ sattanikāyaṃ tato samuddharaṇatthaṃ cintetumpi asakkuṇeyyaṃ nayanajīvitaputtabhariyadānādikaṃ atidukkaramakāsi. Kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kālanti kappakoṭigaṇanāyapi ‘‘ettakā kappakoṭiyo’’ti pametuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ kālaṃ, kappakoṭigaṇanavasenapi paricchinditumasakkuṇeyyattā aparicchinnāni kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kappakoṭivaseneva hi so kālo appameyyo, asaṅkhyeyyavasena pana paricchinnoyeva. ‘‘Kappakoṭīhipī’’ti apisaddo kappakoṭivasenapi tāva pametuṃ na sakkā, pageva vassagaṇanāyāti dasseti. ‘‘Appameyyaṃ kāla’’nti accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ ‘‘māsamadhīte, divasaṃ caratī’’tiādīsu viya. Karonto atidukkarānīti pañcamahāpariccāgādīni atidukkarāni karonto. Evamatidukkarāni karonto kiṃ vindīti ce? Khedaṃ gato, kāyikaṃ khedamupagato, parissamaṃ pattoti attho, dukkhamanubhavīti vuttaṃ hoti. Dukkhañhi khijjati sahitumasakkuṇeyyanti ‘‘khedo’’ti vuccati. Lokahitāyāti ‘‘anamatagge saṃsāre vaṭṭadukkhena accantapīḷitaṃ sattalokaṃ tamhā dukkhato mocetvā nibbānasukhabhāgiyaṃ karissāmī’’ti evaṃ sattalokassa hitakaraṇatthāyāti attho. Assa ca ‘‘atidukkarāni karonto’’ti iminā sambandho. Lokahitāya khedaṃ gatoti yojanāyapi natthi doso. Mahāgaṇṭhipadepi hi ‘‘atidukkarāni karonto khedaṃ gato, kimatthanti ce? Lokahitāyā’’ti vuttaṃ.
Yaṃ pana evaṃ yojanaṃ asambhāventena kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘na hi bhagavā lokahitāya saṃsāradukkhamanubhavati. Na hi kassaci dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokassa upakāraṃ āvahatī’’ti, taṃ tassa matimattaṃ. Evaṃ yojanāyapi atidukkarāni karontassa bhagavato dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokahitakaraṇatthāyāti ayamattho viññāyati, na tu dukkhānubhavaneneva lokahitasiddhīti. Paṭhamaṃ vuttayojanāyapi hi na dukkarakaraṇamattena lokahitasiddhi. Na hi dukkaraṃ karonto kañci sattaṃ maggaphalādīsu patiṭṭhāpeti, atha kho tādisaṃ atidukkaraṃ katvā sabbaññubhāvaṃ sacchikatvā niyyānikadhammadesanāya maggaphalādīsu satte patiṭṭhāpento lokassa hitaṃ sādheti.
Kāmañcettha sattasaṅkhārabhājanavasena tividho loko, hitakaraṇassa pana adhippetattā taṃvisayasseva sattalokassa vasena attho gahetabbo. So hi lokīyanti ettha puññapāpāni taṃvipāko cāti ‘‘loko’’ti vuccati. Katthaci pana ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’ntiādīsu samūhatthopi lokasaddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti. Yaṃ panettha kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘iminā sattalokañca jātilokañca saṅgaṇhāti, tasmā tassa sattalokassa idhalokaparalokahitaṃ, atikkantaparalokānaṃ vā ucchinnalokasamudayānaṃ idha jātiloke okāsaloke vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhātañca hitaṃ sampiṇḍetvā lokassa, lokānaṃ, loke vā hitanti sarūpekasesaṃ katvā lokahitamiccevāhā’’ti, na taṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhaātahitassapi sattalokavisayattā, sattalokaggahaṇeneva ucchinnamūlānaṃ khīṇāsavānampi saṅgahitattā.
Sabbattha ‘‘kenacī’’ti vutte ‘‘vajirabuddhiṭīkākārenā’’ti gahetabbaṃ. ‘‘Mahāgaṇṭhipade’’ti vā ‘‘majjhimagaṇṭhipade’’ti vā ‘‘cūḷagaṇṭhipade’’ti vā vutte ‘‘sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadesū’’ti gahetabbaṃ. Kevalaṃ ‘‘gaṇṭhipade’’ti vutte ‘‘māgadhabhāsāya likhite gaṇṭhipade’’ti gahetabbaṃ.
Nāthoti lokapaṭisaraṇo, lokasāmī lokanāyakoti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi sabbānatthapaahārapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantupakāritāya aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ ekapaṭisaraṇo patiṭṭhā. Atha vā nāthatīti nātho, veneyyānaṃ hitasukhaṃ mettāyanavasena āsīsati patthetīti attho. Atha vā nāthati veneyyagate kilese upatāpetīti attho, nāthatīti vā yācatīti attho. Bhagavā hi ‘‘sādhu, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kālena kālaṃ attasampattiṃ paccavekkheyyā’’tiādinā (a. ni. 8.7) sattānaṃ taṃ taṃ hitapaṭipattiṃ yācitvāpi karuṇāya samussāhito te tattha niyojeti. Paramena vā cittissariyena samannāgato sabbasatte īsati abhibhavatīti paramissaro bhagavā ‘‘nātho’’ti vuccati. Sabbopi cāyamattho saddasatthānusārato veditabbo.
Mahākāruṇikassāti yo karuṇāya kampitahadayattā lokahitatthaṃ atidukkarakiriyāya anekappakāraṃ tādisaṃ saṃsāradukkhamanubhavitvā āgato, tassa mahākāruṇikassāti attho. Tattha kiratīti karuṇā, paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Dukkhitesu vā kirīyati pasārīyatīti karuṇā. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādheti, vināseti vā parassa dukkhanti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā. Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibādhetīti. Karuṇāya niyuttoti kāruṇiko yathā ‘‘dovāriko’’ti. Yathā hi dvāraṭṭhānato aññattha vattamānopi dvārapaṭibaddhajīviko puriso dvārānativattavuttitāya dvāre niyuttoti ‘‘dovāriko’’ti vuccati, evaṃ bhagavā mettādivasena karuṇāvihārato aññattha vattamānopi karuṇānativattavuttitāya karuṇāya niyuttoti ‘‘kāruṇiko’’ti vuccati. Mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya hi yāva mahāparinibbānā lokahitatthameva lokanāthā tiṭṭhanti. Mahanto kāruṇikoti mahākāruṇiko. Satipi bhagavato tadaññaguṇānampi vasena mahantabhāve kāruṇikasaddasannidhānena vuttattā karuṇāvasenettha mahantabhāvo veditabbo yathā ‘‘mahāveyyākaraṇo’’ti. Evañca katvā ‘‘mahākāruṇikassā’’ti iminā padena puggalādhiṭṭhānena satthu mahākaruṇā vuttā hoti.
Atha vā karuṇā karuṇāyanaṃ sīlaṃ pakati etassāti kāruṇiko, pathavīphassādayo viya kakkhaḷaphusanādisabhāvā karuṇāyanasabhāvo sabhāvabhūtakaruṇoti attho. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva. Atha vā mahāvisayatāya mahānubhāvatāya mahābalatāya ca mahatī karuṇāti mahākaruṇā. Bhagavato hi karuṇā niravasesesu sattesu pavattati, pavattamānā ca anaññasādhāraṇā pavattati, diṭṭhadhammikādibhedañca mahantameva sattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ ekantato nipphādeti, mahākaruṇāya niyuttoti mahākāruṇikoti sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Atha vā mahatī pasatthā karuṇā assa atthīti mahākāruṇiko. Pūjāvacano hettha mahantasaddo ‘‘mahāpuriso’’tiādīsu viya. Pasatthā ca bhagavato karuṇā mahākaruṇāsamāpattivasenapi pavattito anaññasādhāraṇattāti.
Evaṃ karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ thometvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘asambudha’’ntiādimāha. Tattha asambudhanti pubbakālakiriyāniddeso, tassa asambujjhanto appaṭivijjhantoti attho, yathāsabhāvaṃ appaṭivijjhanatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Hetuattho hettha antasaddo ‘‘paṭhanto nisīdatī’’tiādīsu viya. Yanti pubbakālakiriyāya aniyamato kammaniddeso. Buddhanisevitanti tassa visesanaṃ. Tattha buddhasaddassa tāva ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’tiādinā (mahāni. 192) niddesanayena attho veditabbo. Atha vā savāsanāya aññāṇaniddāya accantavigamato, buddhiyā vā vikasitabhāvato buddhavāti buddho jāgaraṇavikasanatthavasena. Atha vā kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abhāvena ñeyyavisesassa kammabhāvena aggahaṇato kammavacanicchāya abhāvena avagamanatthavaseneva kattuniddeso labbhatīti buddhavāti buddho. Atthato pana pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhūñāṇena saha vāsanāya vihataviddhaṃsitaniravasesakileso mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno buddho. Yathāha ‘‘buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto balesu ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161). Tena evaṃ nirupamappabhāvena buddhena nisevitaṃ gocarāsevanābhāvanāsevanāhi yathārahaṃ nisevitaṃ anubhūtanti attho.
Tattha nibbānaṃ gocarāsevanāvaseneva nisevitaṃ, maggo pana attanā bhāvito ca bhāvanāsevanāvasena sevito, parehi uppāditāni pana maggaphalāni cetopariyañāṇādinā yadā parijānāti, attanā uppāditāni vā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena paricchindati, tadā gocarāsevanāvasenapi sevitāni hontiyeva. Ettha ca pariyattidhammassapi pariyāyato dhammaggahaṇena gahaṇe sati sopi desanāsammasanañāṇagocaratāya gocarāsevanāya sevitoti sakkā gahetuṃ. ‘‘Abhidhammanayasamuddaṃ adhigacchati, tīṇi piṭakāni sammasī’’ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā pariyattidhammassapi sacchikiriyāya sammasanapariyāyo labbhatīti yaṃ asambudhaṃ asambujjhanto asacchikarontoti atthasambhavato sopi idha vutto evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tampi ca appaṭivijjhanto bhavābhavaṃ gacchati, pariññātadhammavinayo pana tadatthapaṭipattiyā sammāpaṭipanno na cirasseva dukkhassantaṃ karissati. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;
Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.185; saṃ. ni. 1.185);
Ettha ca kiñcāpi maggaphalanibbānāni paccekabuddhabuddhasāvakehipi gocarāsevanādinā sevitāni honti, tathāpi ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena ‘‘buddhanisevita’’nti vuttaṃ. Kenaci pana buddhasaddassa sāmaññato buddhānubuddhapaccekabuddhānampi ettheva saṅgaho vutto.
Bhavābhavanti aparakālakiriyāya kammaniddeso, bhavato bhavanti attho. Atha vā bhavābhavanti sugatiduggativasena hīnapaṇītavasena ca khuddakaṃ mahantañca bhavanti attho. Vuddhatthopi hi a-kāro dissati ‘‘asekkhā dhammā’’tiādīsu viya. Tasmā abhavoti mahābhavo vuccati. Atha vā bhavoti vuddhi, abhavoti hāni. Bhavoti vā sassatadiṭṭhi, abhavoti ucchedadiṭṭhi. Vuttappakāro bhavo ca abhavo ca bhavābhavo. Taṃ bhavābhavaṃ. Gacchatīti aparakālakiriyāniddeso. Jīvalokoti sattaloko. Jīvaggahaṇena hi saṅkhārabhājanalokaṃ nivatteti tassa bhavābhavagamanāsambhavato. Namo atthūti pāṭhaseso daṭṭhabbo.
Avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsinoti dhammavisesanaṃ. Tattha avindiyaṃ vindatīti avijjā. Pūretuṃ ayuttaṭṭhena kāyaduccaritādi avindiyaṃ nāma, aladdhabbanti attho. Tabbiparītato kāyasucaritādi vindiyaṃ nāma, taṃ vindiyaṃ na vindatīti vā avijjā, khandhānaṃ rāsaṭṭhaṃ, āyatanānaṃ āyatanaṭṭhaṃ, dhātūnaṃ suññataṭṭhaṃ, indriyānaṃ adhipatiyaṭṭhaṃ, saccānaṃ tathaṭṭhaṃ aviditaṃ karotīti vā avijjā, dukkhādīnaṃ pīḷanādivasena vuttaṃ catubbidhaṃ atthaṃ aviditaṃ karotītipi avijjā, antavirahite saṃsāre sabbayonigatibhavaviññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsesu satte javāpetīti vā avijjā, paramatthato avijjamānesupi itthipurisādīsu javati, vijjamānesupi khandhādīsu na javatīti vā avijjā. Sā ādi yesaṃ taṇhādīnaṃ te avijjādayo, teyeva kilissanti etehi sattāti kilesā, teyeva ca sattānaṃ bandhanaṭṭhena jālasadisāti jālaṃ, taṃ viddhaṃseti sabbaso vināseti sīlenāti avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī. Nanu cettha sapariyattiko navalokuttaradhammo adhippeto, tattha ca maggoyeva kilese viddhaṃseti, netareti ce? Vuccate. Maggassapi nibbānamāgamma kilesaviddhaṃsanato nibbānampi kilese viddhaṃseti nāma, maggassa kilesaviddhaṃsanakiccaṃ phalena nipphannanti phalampi ‘‘kilesaviddhaṃsī’’ti vuccati. Pariyattidhammopi kilesaviddhaṃsanassa paccayattā ‘‘kilesaviddhaṃsī’’ti vattumarahatīti na koci doso.
Dhammavarassa tassāti pubbe aniyamitassa niyamavacanaṃ. Tattha yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne catūsu apāyesu apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo.
‘‘Ye keci dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressantī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37) –
Hi vuttaṃ. Saṃsāradukkhe vā apatamāne katvā dhāretīti dhammo maggaphaluppattiyā sattakkhattuparamatādivasena saṃsārassa paricchinnattā. Apāyādinibbattakakilesaviddhaṃsanañcettha dhāraṇaṃ. Evañca katvā ariyamaggo tassa tadatthasiddhihetutāya nibbānañcāti ubhayameva nippariyāyato dhāreti, ariyaphalaṃ pana taṃsamucchinnakilesapaṭippassambhanena tadanuguṇatāya, pariyattidhammo tadadhigamahetutāyāti ubhayaṃ pariyāyato dhāretīti veditabbaṃ. Vuttappakāro dhammoyeva attano uttaritarābhāvena varo pavaro anuttaroti dhammavaro, tassa dhammavarassa namo atthūti sambandho. Ettāvatā cettha amhehi sārattho pakāsito. Yaṃ panettha kenaci papañcitaṃ, amhehi ca idha na dassitaṃ, na taṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ. Ito paresupi evameva daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tasmā ito paṭṭhāya ettakampi avatvā sāratthameva dassayissāma. Yattha pana kenaci accantaviruddhaṃ likhitaṃ, tampi katthaci dassayissāma. Ettha ca ‘‘avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino’’ti etena svākkhātatādīhi dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘dhammavarassā’’ti etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa abhāvadīpanato paripuṇṇatāya. Paṭhamena vā pahānasampadaṃ dhammassa dasseti, dutiyena pabhāvasampadaṃ.
Evaṃ saṅkhepeneva sabbadhammaguṇehi saddhammaṃ thometvā idāni ariyasaṅghaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘guṇehī’’tiādimāha. ‘‘Guṇehī’’ti padassa ‘‘yutto’’ti iminā sambandho. Idāni yehi guṇehi yutto, te dassento ‘‘sīlasamādhī’’tiādimāha. Tattha catupārisuddhisīlādi ‘‘sīla’’nti vuccati. Samādhīti paṭhamajjhānādi. Samādhisīsena hi paṭhamajjhānādayo vuttā. Paññāti maggapaññā. Vimutti ca vimuttiñāṇañca vimuttivimuttiñāṇanti vattabbe ekadesasarūpekasesanayena ‘‘vimuttiñāṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. Ādisaddapariyāyena pabhutisaddena vā vimuttiggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha vimuttīti phalaṃ. Vimuttiñāṇanti paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ. Pabhuti-saddena chaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidādayo guṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca sīlādayo guṇā lokiyā lokuttarā ca yathāsambhavaṃ niddiṭṭhāti veditabbā. Yaṃ panettha kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘sīlādayo kiñcāpi lokiyalokuttarā yathāsambhavaṃ labbhanti, tathāpi ante ‘ariyasaṅgha’nti vacanato sīlādayo cattāro dhammakkhandhā lokuttarāvā’’ti, taṃ tassa matimattaṃ. Na hi ariyasaṅghassa lokiyaguṇehipi thomanāya koci doso dissati, sabbaññubuddhassapi tāva lokiyalokuttaraguṇehi thomanā hoti, kimaṅgaṃ pana ariyasaṅghassāti.
Kusalatthikānaṃ janānaṃ puññassa vuddhiyā khettasadisattā khettanti āha ‘‘khettaṃ janānaṃ kusalatthikāna’’nti. Khittaṃ bījaṃ mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena tāyatīti hi khettaṃ, pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇaviruhanabhūmi, taṃsadisattā ariyasaṅghopi ‘‘khetta’’nti vuccati. Iminā ariyasaṅghassa anuttarapuññakkhettabhāvaṃ dīpeti. ‘‘Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti hi vuttaṃ. Tanti pubbe ‘‘yo’’ti aniyamena vuttassa niyamavacanaṃ. Ariyasaṅghanti ettha ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato ariyā niruttinayena. Atha vā sadevakena lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato upagantabbato upagatānañca tadatthasiddhito ariyā. Ariyānaṃ saṅgho samūhoti ariyasaṅgho. Atha vā ariyo ca so yathāvuttanayena saṅgho ca diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvatoti ariyasaṅgho, aṭṭha ariyapuggalā. Taṃ ariyasaṅghaṃ. Bhagavato aparabhāge buddhadhammaratanānampi samadhigamo saṅgharatanādhīnoti ariyasaṅghassa bahūpakārataṃ dassetuṃ idheva ‘‘sirasā namāmī’’ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Evaṃ gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃ nipaccakāraṃ yathādhippete payojane pariṇāmento āha ‘‘icceva’’miccādi. Iccevaṃ yathāvuttanayena accantaṃ ekantena namassaneyyaṃ namassitabbaṃ ratanattayaṃ namassamāno kāyavācācittehi vandamāno ahaṃ vipulaṃ yaṃ puññābhisandaṃ alatthanti sambandho. Tattha buddhādayo ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ. Tesañhi ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā yathābhūtaguṇe āvajjentassa amatādhigamahetubhūtaṃ anappakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Yathāha –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti, ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 11.11).
Cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;
Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33);
Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā buddhādīsuyeva labbhantīti.
‘‘Puññābhisandanti puññarāsiṃ puññappavattaṃ vā’’ti mahāgaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca ‘‘puññābhisandanti puññābhinisaṃsa’’ntipi attho vutto. Puññābhisandanti puññanadiṃ, puññappavāhanti evaṃ panettha attho veditabbo. Avicchedena pavattiyamānañhi puññaṃ abhisandanaṭṭhena ‘‘puññābhisando’’ti vuccati. Teneva sāratthapakāsiniyā saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathāya (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.1027) –
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… buddho bhagavā’ti, ayaṃ paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1027) –
Evamādikāya pāḷiyā atthaṃ dassento ‘‘puññābhisandā kusalābhisandāti puññanadiyo kusalanadiyo’’ti vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ ‘‘puññābhisandanti puññaphala’’nti, taṃ na sundaraṃ. Na hi ratanattayaṃ namassamāno tasmiṃ khaṇe puññaphalaṃ alattha, kintu anappakaṃ puññarāsiṃ tadā alabhi, tassa ca phalaṃ paralokabhāgī, diṭṭhadhamme tu antarāyavighāto tassa ca puññassa ānisaṃsamattakaṃ, ‘‘tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo’’ti ca vuttaṃ, na ca puññaphale anuppanne tassānubhāvena hatantarāyabhāvo na sijjhati, na cetaṃ tasmiṃyeva khaṇe diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ ahosi. Tasmā tassa mahato puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena hatantarāyoti ayameva attho yujjati. Athāpi paṇāmakiriyāya janitattā puññameva puññaphalanti tassādhippāyo siyā, evaṃ sati yujjeyya. So ca puññappavāho na appamattako, atha kho mahantoyevāti dassento āha ‘‘vipula’’nti, mahantaṃ anappakanti vuttaṃ hoti. Alatthanti alabhiṃ, pāpuṇinti attho.
Tassānubhāvenāti tassa yathāvuttassa puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena balena. Hatantarāyoti taṃtaṃsampattiyā vibandhanavasena sattasantānassa antare vemajjhe eti āgacchatīti antarāyo, diṭṭhadhammikādianattho. Paṇāmapayojane vuttavidhinā hato viddhasto antarāyo upaddavo assāti hatantarāyo. Assa ‘‘vaṇṇayissaṃ vinaya’’nti iminā sambandho, hatantarāyo hutvā vinayaṃ vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti. Etena tassa puññappavāhassa attano pasādasampattiyā ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ hanane samatthataṃ dīpeti.
Evaṃ ratanattayassa nipaccakārakaraṇe payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni yassa vinayapiṭakassa atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmo, tassa tāva bhagavato sāsanassa mūlapatiṭṭhānabhāvaṃ dassetvā tampi thomento āha ‘‘yasmiṃ ṭhite’’tiādi. Aṭṭhitassa susaṇṭhitassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ yasmiṃ ṭhite patiṭṭhitaṃ hotīti yojetabbaṃ. Tattha yasminti yasmiṃ vinayapiṭake. Ṭhiteti pāḷito ca atthato ca anūnaṃ hutvā lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena ṭhiteti attho. Sāsananti adhisīlaadhicittaadhipaññāsaṅkhātasikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ sāsanaṃ. Aṭṭhitassāti kāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogasaṅkhāte antadvaye aṭṭhitassāti attho. ‘‘Appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, anāyūhaṃ oghamatari’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.1) hi vuttaṃ. Ayañcattho tīsupi sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadesu vuttoyeva. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘aṭṭhitassāti parinibbutassapi bhagavato’’ti vuttaṃ.
Patiṭṭhitaṃ hotīti tesuyeva lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena patiṭṭhitaṃ hoti. Susaṇṭhitassāti ettha tāva tīsupi gaṇṭhipadesu idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇaasītianubyañjanehi samannāgamanavasena susaṇṭhānassāti attho. Anena assa rūpakāyasampattiṃ nidassetī’’ti. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘yathāṭhāne patiṭṭhitehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgatattā rūpakāyena susaṇṭhito, kāyavaṅkādirahitattā tādilakkhaṇasamannāgatattā ca nāmakāyenapī’’ti vuttaṃ. Kenaci pana ‘‘catubrahmavihāravasena sattesu suṭṭhu sammā ca ṭhitassāti atthavasena vā susaṇṭhitassa. Susaṇṭhitattā hesa kevalaṃ sattānaṃ dukkhaṃ apanetukāmo hitaṃ upasaṃharitukāmo sampattiyā ca pamudito apakkhapatito ca hutvā vinayaṃ deseti. Tasmā imasmiṃ vinayasaṃvaṇṇanādhikāre sāruppāya thutiyā thomento āha ‘susaṇṭhitassā’’’ti vatvā ‘‘gaṇṭhipadesu vuttattho adhippetādhikārānurūpo na hotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha amhākaṃ khanti – yathāvuttakāmasukhallikādiantadvaye aṭṭhitattāyeva majjhimāya paṭipadāya sammā ṭhitattā susaṇṭhitassāti evamattho gahetabboti. Evañhi sati ārambhānurūpathomanā katā hoti yathāvuttaantadvayaṃ vivajjetvā majjhimāya paṭipadāya vinayapaññattiyāyeva yebhuyyena pakāsanato.
Tanti pubbe ‘‘yasmi’’nti aniyametvā vuttassa niyamavacanaṃ, tassa ‘‘vinaya’’nti iminā sambandho. Asammissanti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso, nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ katvā anākulaṃ katvā vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti. Sikkhāpadapaññattiyā anurūpassa kālamattassapi dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherasadisenapi duviññeyyabhāvato kevalaṃ buddhavisayaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ attano balena vaṇṇayissāmīti vacanamattampi aññehi vattumasakkuṇeyyattā ‘‘nissāya pubbācariyānubhāva’’nti āha. Pubbācariyānubhāvo nāma atthato pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitā aṭṭhakathā, tatoyeva ca ‘‘pubbācariyānubhāvo aṭṭhakathā’’ti sabbattha gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ. Tasmā pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ nissāya vaṇṇayissaṃ, na attanoyeva balaṃ nissāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Atha ‘‘porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu vijjamānāsu puna vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya kiṃ payojana’’nti yo vadeyya, tassa porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ attano ca saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanaṃ dassento ‘‘kāmañcā’’tiādimāha. Kāmanti ekantena, yathicchakaṃ vā, sabbasoti vuttaṃ hoti, tassa ‘‘saṃvaṇṇito’’ti iminā sambandho. Kāmaṃ saṃvaṇṇitoyeva, no na saṃvaṇṇitoti attho. Kehi pana so vinayo saṃvaṇṇitoti āha ‘‘pubbācariyāsabhehī’’ti. Mahākassapattherādayo pubbācariyā eva akampiyaṭṭhena uttamaṭṭhena ca āsabhā, tehi pubbācariyāsabhehīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kīdisā panete pubbācariyāti āha ‘‘ñāṇambū’’tiādi. Aggamaggañāṇasaṅkhātena ambunā salilena niddhotāni nissesato āyatiṃ anuppattidhammatāpādanena dhotāni vikkhālitāni visodhitāni rāgādīni tīṇi malāni kāmāsavādayo ca cattāro āsavā yehi te ñāṇambuniddhātamalāsavā, tehīti attho. Iminā ca na kevalaṃ etesu ācariyabhāvoyeva, atha kho rāgādimalarahitā khīṇāsavā visuddhasattā eteti dasseti.
Khīṇāsavabhāvepi na ete sukkhavipassakā, atha kho evarūpehipi ānubhāvehi samannāgatāti dassento āha ‘‘visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidehī’’ti. Visuddhā accantaparisuddhā vijjā catasso ca paṭisambhidā yesaṃ te visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidā, tehi. Ekadesena paṭisambhidaṃ appattānaṃ ariyānameva abhāvato etehi adhigatapaṭisambhidā paṭutaraladdhappabhedāti dassetuṃ visuddhaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Vijjāti tisso vijjā, aṭṭha vijjā vā. Tattha dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇañcāti imā tisso vijjā. Aṭṭha vijjā pana –
‘‘Vipassanāñāṇamanomayiddhi,
Iddhippabhedopi ca dibbasotaṃ;
Parassa cetopariyāyañāṇaṃ,
Pubbenivāsānugatañca ñāṇaṃ;
Dibbañca cakkhāsavasaṅkhayo ca,
Etāni ñāṇāni idhaṭṭha vijjā’’ti. –
Evaṃ vipassanāñāṇamanomayiddhīhi saddhiṃ pariggahitā cha abhiññāyeva. Atthapaṭisambhidā dhammapaṭisambhidā niruttipaṭisambhidā paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti catasso paṭisambhidā. Tattha saṅkhepato hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, hetuhetuphalānurūpaṃ vohāresu ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā, idaṃ ñāṇaṃ imamatthaṃ jotayatīti iminā ākārena heṭṭhā vuttesu tīsu ñāṇesu pavattañāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Etāsaṃ pana vitthārakathā atipapañcabhāvato idha na vuccati. Paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ saddhammesu chekabhāvato āha ‘‘saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehī’’ti. ‘‘Paṭisambhidāppattānampi dhammesu abhiyogavasena viseso hotīti laddhapaṭisambhidāsu sātisayataṃ dassetuṃ āhā’’tipi vadanti. Saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehīti piṭakattayasaṅkhātassa saddhammassa saṃvaṇṇane sabbaso atthappakāsane kovidehi chekehi, kusalehīti attho.
Kilesajālaṃ parikkhārabāhullaṃ vā saṃlikhati tanuṃ karotīti sallekho. Idha pana khīṇāsavādhikārattā parikkhārabāhullassa sallikhanavaseneva attho gahetabbo, tatoyeva ca gaṇṭhipade ‘‘sallekhiye parimitaparikkhāravuttiyā’’ti attho vutto. Sallekhassa bhāvo sallekhiyaṃ, tasmiṃ sallekhiye, sallekhapaṭipattiyanti vuttaṃ hoti. Nosulabhūpamehīti asulabhūpamehi sallekhapaṭipattiyā asukasadisāti tesaṃ upamāya anucchavikapuggalānaṃ dullabhattā natthi sulabhā upamā etesanti nosulabhūpamā. Mahāvihārassāti cittalapabbataabhayagirisesanikāyadvayaṃ paṭikkhipati. Dhajūpamehīti rathassa sañjānanahetukaṃ rathe baddhadhajaṃ viya ajānantānaṃ ‘‘asukehi ca asukehi ca therehi nivāsito mahāvihāro nāmā’’ti evaṃ mahāvihārassa sañjānanahetuttā mahāvihārassa dhajūpamehi. Saṃvaṇṇitoti sammā anūnaṃ katvā vaṇṇito. Saṃvaṇṇito ayaṃ vinayoti padacchedo kātabbo. Cittehi nayehīti anekappabhedanayattā vicittehi nayehi. Sambuddhavaranvayehīti sabbaññubuddhavaraṃ anugatehi, bhagavato adhippāyānugatehi nayehīti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā buddhavaraṃ anugatehi pubbācariyāsabhehīti sambandho kātabbo.
Evaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanavisesaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanā’’tiādimāha. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kiñcāpi pubbācariyāsabhehi yathāvuttaguṇavisiṭṭhehi ayaṃ vinayo sabbaso vaṇṇito, tathāpi tesaṃ esā saṃvaṇṇanā sīhaḷadīpavāsīnaṃ bhāsāya saṅkhatattā racitattā dīpantare bhikkhujanassa sīhaḷadīpato aññadīpavāsino bhikkhugaṇassa kiñci atthaṃ payojanaṃ yasmā nābhisambhuṇāti na sampādeti na sādheti, tasmā imaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ pāḷinayānurūpaṃ katvā buddhasirittherena ajjhiṭṭho idāni samārabhissanti. Tattha saṃvaṇṇiyati attho etāyāti saṃvaṇṇanā, aṭṭhakathā. Sā pana dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi paṭhamaṃ tīṇi piṭakāni saṅgāyitvā tassa atthavaṇṇanānurūpeneva vācanāmaggaṃ āropitattā tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷhoyeva buddhavacanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhūto kathāmaggo. Soyeva ca mahāmahindattherena tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ ābhato, pacchā tambapaṇṇiyehi mahātherehi nikāyantaraladdhīhi saṅkarapariharaṇatthaṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapito. Tenāha ‘‘sīhaḷadīpakenā’’tiādi. Sīhassa lānato gahaṇato sīhaḷo, sīhakumāro. Taṃvaṃsajātatāya tambapaṇṇidīpe khattiyānaṃ tesaṃ nivāsatāya tambapaṇṇidīpassapi sīhaḷabhāvo veditabbo, tasmiṃ sīhaḷadīpe bhūtattā sīhaḷadīpakena vākyena vacanena, sīhaḷabhāsāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
Pāḷinayānurūpanti pāḷinayassa anurūpaṃ katvā, māgadhabhāsāya parivattitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ajjhesananti garuṭṭhāniyaṃ payirupāsitvā garutaraṃ payojanaṃ uddissa abhipatthanā ajjhesanā, taṃ ajjhesanaṃ, āyācananti attho. Tassa ‘‘samanussaranto’’ti iminā sambandho. Kassa ajjhesananti āha ‘‘buddhasirivhayassa therassā’’ti. Buddhasirīti avhayo nāmaṃ yassa soyaṃ buddhasirivhayo, tassa, itthannāmassa therassa ajjhesanaṃ sammā ādarena samanussaranto hadaye ṭhapentoti attho.
Idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya karaṇappakāraṃ dassento ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañcā’’tiādimāha. Tattha tañca idāni vuccamānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhanto sakalāyapi mahāaṭṭhakathāya idha gahetabbato mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ tassā idāni vuccamānāya saṃvaṇṇanāya sarīraṃ katvā mahāpaccariyaṃ yo vinicchayo vutto, tatheva kurundīnāmādīsu vissutāsu aṭṭhakathāsu yo vinicchayo vutto, tatopi vinicchayato yuttamatthaṃ apariccajanto antogadhattheravādaṃ katvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhissanti padatthasambandho veditabbo. Ettha ca attho kathiyati etāyāti atthakathā, sāyeva aṭṭhakathā tthakārassa ṭṭhakāraṃ katvā ‘‘dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 1.17; 2.8) viya. Mahāpaccariyanti ettha paccarīti uḷumpaṃ vuccati, tasmiṃ nisīditvā katattā tameva nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Kurundivallivihāro nāma atthi, tattha katattā kurundīti nāmaṃ jātanti vadanti. Ādisaddena andhakaṭṭhakathaṃ saṅkhepaṭṭhakathañca saṅgaṇhāti. Vissutāsūti sabbattha patthaṭāsu, pākaṭāsūti vuttaṃ hoti.
Yuttamatthanti ettha tāva majjhimagaṇṭhipade cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yuttamatthanti saṃvaṇṇetabbaṭṭhānassa yuttamatthaṃ, na pana tattha ayuttampi atthīti vuttaṃ hotī’’ti. Mahāgaṇṭhipade panettha na kiñci vuttaṃ. Kenaci pana ‘‘mahāaṭṭhakathānayena vinayayuttiyā vā yuttamattha’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ yuttaṃ viya dissati mahāpaccariādīsupi katthaci ayuttassāpi atthassa upari vibhāvanato. ‘‘Aṭṭhakathaṃyeva gahetvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karissāmī’’ti vutte aṭṭhakathāsu vuttattheravādānaṃ bāhirabhāvo siyāti tepi antokattukāmo ‘‘antogadhatheravāda’’nti āha, theravādepi antokatvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Saṃvaṇṇananti aparakālakiriyāya kammaniddeso. Pubbe vuttaṃ tu ‘‘saṃvaṇṇana’’nti vacanaṃ tattheva ‘‘samārabhanto’’ti pubbakālakiriyāya kammabhāvena yojetabbaṃ. Sammāti vattabbe gāthābandhavasena rassabhāvo katoti veditabbo.
Evaṃ karaṇappakāraṃ dassetvā idāni sotūhi paṭipajjitabbavidhiṃ dassento ‘‘taṃ me’’tiādimāha. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – idāni vuccamānaṃ taṃ mama saṃvaṇṇanaṃ dhammapadīpassa tathāgatassa dhammaṃ sāsanadhammaṃ pāḷidhammaṃ vā sakkaccaṃ paṭimānayantā pūjentā thirehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā therā, acirapabbajitattā navā, tesaṃ majjhe bhavattā majjhimā ca bhikkhū pasannacittā yathāvuttanayena sappayojanattā upari vakkhamānavidhinā pamāṇattā ca saddahitvā pītisomanassayuttacittā issāpakatā ahutvā nisāmentu suṇantūti. Tattha dhammappadīpassāti dhammoyeva sattasantānesu mohandhakāravidhamanato padīpasadisattā padīpo assāti dhammapadīpo, bhagavā. Tassa dhammapadīpassa.
Idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamavisuddhiṃ dassetvā pamāṇabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘buddhenā’’tiādimāha. Yatheva buddhena yo dhammo ca vinayo ca vutto, so tassa buddhassa yehi puttehi dhammasenāpatiādīhi tatheva ñāto, tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ matimaccajantā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathācariyā yasmā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti ayamettha sambandho. Tattha dhammoti suttābhidhamme saṅgaṇhāti, vinayoti sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ. Ettāvatā ca sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ hoti. Sakalañhi buddhavacanaṃ dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ hoti. Vuttoti pāḷito ca atthato ca buddhena bhagavatā vutto. Na hi bhagavatā abyākataṃ nāma tantipadaṃ atthi, sabbesaṃyeva attho kathito, tasmā sammāsambuddheneva tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ atthavaṇṇanākkamopi bhāsitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tattha tattha bhagavatā pavattitā pakiṇṇakadesanāyeva hi aṭṭhakathā. Tatheva ñātoti yatheva buddhena vutto, tatheva ekapadampi ekakkharampi avināsetvā adhippāyañca avikopetvā ñāto viditoti attho. Tesaṃ matimaccajantāti tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ apariccajantā. Aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti aṭṭhakathāyo akaṃsu. Katthaci ‘‘aṭṭhakathāmakaṃsū’’ti pāṭho dissati, tatthāpi soyevattho, ma-kāro pana padasandhivasena āgatoti daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Aṭṭhakathā’’ti bahuvacananiddesena mahāpaccariyādikaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.
Tasmāti yasmā tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ avikopetvā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsu, tasmāti attho. Hīti nipātamattaṃ hetuatthassa ‘‘tasmā’’ti imināyeva pakāsitattā. Yadi aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇaṃ, evaṃ sati tattha pamādalekhāpi pamāṇaṃ siyāti āha ‘‘vajjayitvāna pamādalekha’’nti. Tattha pamādalekhanti aparabhāge potthakāruḷhakāle pamajjitvā likhanavasena pavattaṃ pamādapāṭhaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – pamādena satiṃ apaccupaṭṭhapetvā adinnādānassa pubbapayoge ‘‘saccepi alikepi dukkaṭa’’nti vuttavacanasadisaṃ yaṃ likhitaṃ, taṃ vajjayitvā apanetvā sabbaṃ pamāṇanti. Vakkhati hi tattha –
‘‘Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana saccepi alikepi dukkaṭameva vuttaṃ, taṃ pamādalikhitanti veditabbaṃ. Na hi adinnādānassa pubbapayoge pācittiyaṭṭhāne dukkaṭaṃ nāma atthī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.94).
Kesaṃ pamāṇanti āha ‘‘sikkhāsu sagāravānaṃ idha paṇḍitāna’’nti. Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane. Puna ‘‘yasmā’’ti vacanassa ko sambandhoti ce? Ettha tāva mahāgaṇṭhipade gaṇṭhipade ca na kiñci vuttaṃ, majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yasmā pamāṇaṃ, tasmā nisāmentu pasannacittā’’ti. Evamassa sambandho daṭṭhabbo. Yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, tasmā idha vuttampi pamāṇamevāti pāṭhasesaṃ katvā vajirabuddhitthero vadati. Tattha idhāti imissā samantapāsādikāyāti attho gahetabbo.
Tattha ‘‘yasmā’’ti vacanassa paṭhamaṃ vuttasambandhavasena aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇanti sādhitattā idāni vuccamānāpi saṃvaṇṇanā kevalaṃ vacanamatteneva bhinnā, atthato pana aṭṭhakathāyevāti dassetuṃ ‘‘tato ca bhāsantaramevā’’tiādimāha. Pacchā vuttasambandhavasena pana idha vuttampi kasmā pamāṇanti ce? Yasmā vacanamattaṃ ṭhapetvā esāpi aṭṭhakathāyeva, tasmā pamāṇanti dassetuṃ ‘‘tato ca bhāsantaramevā’’tiādimāha. Evamākulaṃ dubbiññeyyasabhāvañca katvā gaṇṭhipadesu sambandho dassito, anākulavacano ca bhadantabuddhaghosācariyo. Na hi so evamākulaṃ katvā vattumarahati, tasmā yathādhippetamatthamanākulaṃ suviññeyyañca katvā yathāṭhitassa sambandhavaseneva dassayissāma. Kathaṃ? Yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti evamettha sambandho daṭṭhabbo. Yadi nāma aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, ayaṃ pana idāni vuccamānā kasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti āha ‘‘tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā’’tiādi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, yasmā ca ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāpi bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhā, atthato pana abhinnāva, tatoyeva ca pamāṇabhūtā hessati, tasmā sakkaccaṃ ādaraṃ katvā anusikkhitabbāti. Tathā hi porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ pamāṇabhāvo, imissā ca saṃvaṇṇanāya bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhāya atthato tato abhinnabhāvoti ubhayampetaṃ sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbabhāvahetūti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi kevalaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ satipi pamāṇabhāve ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā tato bhinnā atthato aññāyeva ca sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti vattumarahati, nāpi imissā saṃvaṇṇanāya tatoabhinnabhāvepi porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ asati pamāṇabhāve ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti vattuṃ yuttarūpā hoti, tasmā yathāvuttanayena ubhayampetaṃ sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbabhāvahetūti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Tatoti aṭṭhakathāto. Bhāsantarameva hitvāti kañcukasadisaṃ sīhaḷabhāsaṃ apanetvā. Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvāti porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu upari vuccamānampi ānetvā tattha tattha papañcitaṃ ‘‘ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampannoti bhikkhū’’ti (pārā. 45) ettha apalokanādīnaṃ catunnampi kammānaṃ vitthārakathā viya tādisaṃ vitthāramaggaṃ saṅkhipitvā vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo. Tathā hi vakkhati –
‘‘Ettha ca ñatticatutthakammaṃ ekameva āgataṃ, imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne ṭhatvā cattāri saṅghakammāni nīharitvā vitthārato kathetabbānīti sabbaaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ, tāni ca ‘apalokanakammaṃ ñattikammaṃ ñattidutiyakammaṃ ñatticatutthakamma’nti paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapetvā vitthārena khandhakato parivārāvasāne kammavibhaṅgato ca pāḷiṃ āharitvā kathitāni. Tāni mayaṃ parivārāvasāne kammavibhaṅgeyeva vaṇṇayissāma. Evañhi sati paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā ca na bhāriyā bhavissati, yathāṭhitāya ca pāḷiyā vaṇṇanā suviññeyyā bhavissati, tāni ca ṭhānāni asuññāni bhavissanti, tasmā anupadavaṇṇanameva karomā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.45 bhikkhupadabhājanīyavaṇṇanā).
Vinicchayaṃ sabbamasesayitvāti taṃtaṃaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi vinicchayaṃ asesayitvā sesaṃ akatvā, kiñcimattampi apariccajitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vaṇṇituṃ yuttarūpaṃ hutvā anukkamena āgataṃ pāḷiṃ apariccajitvā saṃvaṇṇanato sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ayuttaṭṭhāne vaṇṇitaṃ yathāṭhāneyeva saṃvaṇṇanato ca vuttaṃ ‘‘tantikkamaṃ kiñci avokkamitvā’’ti, kiñci pāḷikkamaṃ anatikkamitvā anukkameneva vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo.
Suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthanti suttantapāḷiyaṃ āgatānampi vacanānamatthaṃ. Sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘suttantikānaṃ bhāro’’ti vatvā avuttānampi verañjakaṇḍādīsu jhānakathāānāpānassatisamaādhiādīnaṃ suttantavacanānamatthaṃ taṃtaṃsuttānurūpaṃ sabbaso paridīpayissāmīti adhippāyo. Hessatīti bhavissati, kariyissatīti vā attho. Ettha ca paṭhamasmiṃ atthavikappe bhāsantarapariccāgādikaṃ catubbidhaṃ kiccaṃ nipphādetvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā bhavissatīti vaṇṇanāya vasena samānakattukatā veditabbā. Pacchimasmiṃ atthavikappe pana heṭṭhāvuttabhāsantarapariccāgādiṃ katvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā amhehi kariyissatīti evaṃ ācariyavasena samānakattukatā veditabbā. Vaṇṇanāpīti ettha apisaddaṃ gahetvā ‘‘tasmāpi sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti yojetabba’’nti cūḷagaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Tattha pubbe vuttappayojanavisesaṃ pamāṇabhāvañca sampiṇḍetīti adhippāyo. Majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāpī’’ti sambandho vutto. Ettha pana na kevalaṃ ayaṃ vaṇṇanā hessati, atha kho anusikkhitabbāpīti imamatthaṃ sampiṇḍetīti adhippāyo. Etthāpi yathāṭhitavaseneva apisaddassa attho gahetabboti amhākaṃ khanti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, yasmā ca ayaṃ vaṇṇanāpi tato abhinnattā pamāṇabhūtāyeva hessati, tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti.