5. Gahapativaggo

41.Yatoti yasmiṃ kāle. Ayañhi to-saddo dā-saddo viya idha kālavisayo. Tenāha ‘‘yadā’’ti. Bhayaveracetanāyoti bhāyitabbaṭṭhena bhayaṃ, verapasavanaṭṭhena veranti ca laddhanāmā cetanāyo. Pāṇātipātādayo hi yassa pavattanti, yañca uddissa pavattiyanti, ubhaye sabhayabheravāti te eva bhāyitabbabhayaverajanakāvāti. Sotassa ariyamaggassa ādito paṭṭhāya paṭipattiadhigamo sotāpatti, tadatthāya tattha patiṭṭhitassa ca aṅgāni sotāpattiyaṅgāni, tadubhayaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘duvidhaṃ sotāpattiyā aṅga’’nti, sotāpattiatthaṃ aṅganti attho. Yaṃ pubbabhāgeti yaṃ sayaṃ sotāpattimaggaphalapaṭilābhato pubbabhāge tadatthāya saṃvattati. Kiṃ pana tanti āha ‘‘sappurisasaṃsevo’’tiādi. Sappurisānaṃ buddhādīnaṃ ariyañāṇasaññāṇajātā payirupāsanā, saddhammassavanaṃ catusaccadhammassavanaṃ, yoniso upāyena aniccādito manasi karaṇaṃ yoniso manasikāro, ussukkāpentena dhammassa nibbānassa anudhammapaṭipajjanaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipattīti etāni sotāpattiyā aṅgāni. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana sotāpattiaṅganti padaṃ apekkhitvā ‘‘evaṃ āgata’’nti vuttaṃ. Ṭhitassa puggalassa aṅgaṃ. Sotāpanno aṅgīyati ñāyati etenāti sotāpannassa aṅgantipi vuccati. Idaṃ pacchā vuttaṃ aṅgaṃ. Dosehi ārakāti ariyoti āha ‘‘niddoso’’ti. Kathaṃ avijjā saṅkhārānaṃ paccayotiādinā kenacipi anupārambhiyattā nirupārambho. Ñāṇaṃ sandhāya ‘‘niddoso’’ti vuttaṃ, paṭiccasamuppādaṃ sandhāya ‘‘nirupārambho’’ti vadanti. Ubhayampi pana sandhāya ubhayaṃ vuttanti apare. Paṭiccasamuppādo ettha adhippeto. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘aparāparaṃ uppannāya vipassanāpaññāyā’’ti. Na hi maggañāṇaṃ vipassanāpaññāti. Sammā upāyattā tassa paṭiccasamuppanne yāthāvato ñāyatīti ñāyo, paṭiccasamuppādo. Ñāṇaṃ pana ñāyati so etenāti ñāyo.

Tatthāti niraye. Maggasotanti maggassa sotaṃ. Āpannoti adhigato. Apāyesu uppajjanasaṅkhāto vinipātadhammo etassāti vinipātadhammo, na vinipātadhammo avinipātadhammo. Paraṃ ayananti ativiya savisaye ayitabbaṃ bujjhitabbaṃ. Yesañhi dhātūnaṃ gatiattho, buddhipi tesaṃ attho. Tenāha ‘‘avassaṃ abhisambujjhanako’’ti.

Pāṇātipātakammakāraṇāti pāṇātipātasaṅkhātassa pāpakammassa karaṇahetu. Veraṃ vuccati virodho, tadeva bhāyitabbato bhayanti āha ‘‘bhayaṃ veranti atthato eka’’nti. Idaṃ bāhiraṃ veraṃ nāma tassa verassa mūlabhūtato verakārapuggalato bahibhāvattā. Teneva hi tassa verakārapuggalassa uppannaṃ veraṃ sandhāya ‘‘idaṃ ajjhattikaveraṃ nāmā’’ti vuttaṃ, tannissitassa verassa mūlabhūtā verakārapuggalacetanā uppajjati paharituṃ asamatthassapīti adhippāyo. Na hi nerayikā nirayapālesu paṭipaharituṃ sakkonti. Nirayapālassa cetanā uppajjatīti etena ‘‘atthi niraye nirayapālā’’ti dasseti. Yaṃ panetaṃ bāhiraveranti yamidaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikañca bāhiraṃ veraṃ. Puggalaveranti vuttaṃ attakiccaṃ sādhetuṃ asakkonto kevalaṃ parapuggale uppannamattaṃ veranti katvā. Atthato ekameva ‘‘cetasika’’nti visesetvā vuttattā. Sesapadesūti ‘‘adinnādānapaccayā’’tiādinā āgatesu sesakoṭṭhāsesu. Attho bhaggoti attho dhaṃsito. Adhigatenāti maggena adhigatena. ‘‘Abhigatenā’’tipi pāṭho, adhivuttenāti attho. Tenāha ‘‘acalappasādenā’’ti.

42.Bhikkhūnaṃ kathitabhāvamattameva visesoti etena yā satthārā ekaccānaṃ desitadesanā, puna tadaññesaṃ veneyyadamakusalena kālantare teneva desitā, sā dhammasaṃgāhakehi ‘‘mā no satthudesanā sampaṭiggahaṃ vinā nassatū’’ti visuṃ saṅgahaṃ āropitāti dasseti.

43.Samudayanaṃ samudayo, samudeti etamhāti samudayo, evaṃ ubhinnaṃ samudayānamatthatopi bhedo veditabbo. Paccayāva paccayasamudayo. Āraddhavipassako ‘‘imañca imañca paccayasāmaggiṃ paṭicca ime dhammā khaṇe khaṇe uppajjantī’’ti passanto ‘‘paccayasamudayaṃ passantopi bhikkhu khaṇikasamudayaṃ passatī’’ti vutto paccayadassanamukhena nibbattikkhaṇassa dassanato. So pana khaṇe khaṇe saṅkhārānaṃ nibbattiṃ passituṃ āraddho ‘‘imehi nāma paccayehi nibbattatī’’ti passati. ‘‘So khaṇikasamudayaṃ passanto paccayaṃ passatī’’ti vadanti. Yasmā pana paccayato saṅkhārānaṃ udayaṃ passanto khaṇato tesaṃ udayadassanaṃ hoti, khaṇato etesaṃ udayaṃ passato pageva paccayānaṃ suggahitattā paccayato dassanaṃ sukhena ijjhati, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘paccayasamudayaṃ passantopī’’tiādi. Atthaṅgamadassanepi eseva nayo. Accantatthaṅgamoti appavatti nirodho nibbānanti. Bhedatthaṅgamoti khaṇikanirodho. Tadubhayaṃ pubbabhāge uggahaparipucchādivasena passanto aññatarassa dassane itaradassanampi siddhameva hoti, pubbabhāge ca ārammaṇavasena khayato vayasammasanādikāle bhedatthaṅgamaṃ passanto atirekavasena anussavādito accantaṃ atthaṅgamaṃ passati. Maggakkhaṇe panārammaṇato accantaatthaṅgamaṃ passati, asammohato itarampi passati. Taṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘accantatthaṅgamaṃ passantopī’’tiādi. Samudayatthaṅgamaṃ nibbattibhedanti samudayasaṅkhātaṃ nibbattiṃ atthaṅgamasaṅkhātaṃ bhedañca. Nissayavasenāti cakkhussa sannissayavasena paccayaṃ katvā. Ārammaṇavasenāti rūpe ārammaṇaṃ katvā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ madhupiṇḍikasuttaṭīkāyaṃ vuttanayena veditabbaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phassoti ‘‘cakkhu rūpāni viññāṇa’’nti imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati samāgame nibbatti phassoti vuttoti āha ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ saṅgatiyā phasso’’ti. Tiṇṇanti ca pākaṭapaccayavasena vuttaṃ, tadaññepi pana manasikārādayo phassapaccayā hontiyeva. Evanti taṇhādīnaṃ asesavirāganirodhakkamena. Bhinnaṃ hotīti anuppādanirodhena niruddhaṃ hoti. Tenāha ‘‘appaṭisandhiya’’nti.

44.Ayamettha visesoti ‘‘ayaṃ lokassā’’ti samudayatthaṅgamānaṃ visesadassanaṃ. Ettha catutthasutte tatiyasuttato viseso.

45.Aññamaññaṃ dvinnaṃ ñātīnaṃ gāmo ñātikoti vuttoti āha ‘‘dvinnaṃ ñātakānaṃ gāme’’ti. Giñjakā vuccanti iṭṭhakā, giñjakāhi eva kato āvasatho giñjakāvasatho. So kira āvāso yathā sudhāparikammena payojanaṃ natthi, evaṃ iṭṭhakāhi eva cinitvā chādetvā kato. Tādisañhi chadanaṃ sandhāya bhagavatā iṭṭhakāchadanaṃ anuññātaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘iṭṭhakāhi kate mahāpāsāde’’ti. Tattha dvārabandhakavāṭaphalakādīni pana dārumayāniyeva. Pariyāyati attano phalaṃ pariggahetvā vattatīti pariyāyo, kāraṇanti āha ‘‘dhammapariyāyanti dhammakāraṇa’’nti, pariyattidhammabhūtaṃ visesādhigamassa hetunti attho. Upecca suyyati etthāti upassutīti vuttaṃ ‘‘upassutīti upassutiṭṭhāna’’nti. Attano kammanti yadatthaṃ tattha gato, taṃ pariveṇasamajjanakiriyaṃ. Pahāyāti akatvā. Evaṃ mahatthañhi vimuttāyatanasīse ṭhatvā suṇantassa mahato atthāya saṃvattati. Ekaṅgaṇaṃ ahosīti sabbaṃ vivaṭaṃ ahosi. Tīsu hi bhavesu saṅkhāragataṃ paccayuppannavasena manasikaroto bhagavato kiñci asesetvā sabbampi taṃ ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ upagacchi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yāvabhavaggā ekaṅgaṇaṃ ahosī’’ti. Tantivasena tamatthaṃ vācāya nicchārento ‘‘vacasā sajjhāyaṃ karonto’’ti vutto. Paccayapaccayuppannavasena ca atthaṃ āharitvā tesaṃ nirodhena vivaṭṭassa āhatattā ‘‘yathānusandhinā’’ti vuttaṃ. Addasa ñāṇacakkhunā.

Manasā sajjhāyaṃ karonto ‘‘tuṇhībhūtova paguṇaṃ karonto’’ti vutto. Padānupadanti padañca anupadañca. Purimañhi padaṃ nāma, tadanantaraṃ anupadaṃ. Ghaṭetvā sambandhaṃ katvā avicchinditvā. Pariyāpuṇātīti ajjhayati. Ādhārappattanti ādhāraṃ cittasantānappattaṃ appamuṭṭhaṃ gatattā ādhārappattaṃ nāma. Kāraṇanissitoti lokuttaradhammassa kāraṇasannissito. Ādibrahmacariyakoti ādibrahmacariyaṃ, tadeva ādibrahmacariyakaṃ. Dhammapariyāyāpekkhāya pulliṅganiddeso. Tīsupi imesūti tatiyacatutthapañcamesu tīsu suttesu.

46.Nāmavasenāti gottanāmavasena ca kittivasena ca apākaṭo, tasmā ‘‘jātivasena brāhmaṇo’’ti vuttaṃ.

47.Evaṃladdhanāmoti ‘‘jāṇussoṇī’’ti evaṃladdhanāmo rañño santikā adhigatanāmo.

48.Āyatiṃ hitaṃ tena loko na yatati na īhatīti lokāyataṃ. Na hi taṃ laddhiṃ nissāya sattā puññakiriyāya cittampi uppādenti, kuto payogo, taṃ etassa atthi, tattha vā niyuttoti lokāyatiko. Paṭhamasaddo ādiatthavācakattā jeṭṭhavevacanoti āha ‘‘paṭhamaṃ lokāyata’’nti. Sādhāraṇavacanopi lokasaddo visiṭṭhavisayo idhādhippetoti āha ‘‘bālaputhujjanalokassā’’ti. Ittarabhāvena lakuṇḍakabhāvena tassa vipulādibhāvena bālānaṃ upaṭṭhānamattanti dassento ‘‘āyataṃ mahanta’’ntiādimāha. Parittanti khuddakaṃ. Ekasabhāvanti ekaṃ sabhāvaṃ. Avipariṇāmadhammatāyāti āha ‘‘niccasabhāvamevāti pucchatī’’ti. Purimasabhāvena nānāsabhāvanti purimasabhāvato bhinnasabhāvaṃ. Pacchā na hotīti pacchā kiñci na hoti sabbaso samucchijjanato. Tenāha ‘‘ucchedaṃ sandhāya pucchatī’’ti. Ekattanti sabbakālaṃ attasambhavaṃ. Tathā ceva gahaṇena dvepi vādā sassatadiṭṭhiyo honti. Natthi na hoti. Puthuttaṃ nānāsabhāvaṃ, ekarūpaṃ na hotīti vā gahaṇena dvepi vādā ucchedadiṭṭhiyoti.

49.Saṃsayuppatti ākāradassananti ‘‘kasmiṃ sati kiṃ hotī’’ti kāraṇassa phalassa ca paccāmasanena vinā kevalaṃ idappaccayatāya saṃsayassa uppajjanākāradassanaṃ. Samudayati samudetīti atthoti āha ‘‘uppajjatī’’ti.

50.Dvepi nayā ekato vuttāti idaṃ ‘‘viññāṇe sati nāmarūpaṃ hotī’’tiādinā navame vuttassa nayassa ‘‘avijjāya sati saṅkhārā hontī’’tiādinā dasame vuttanaye antogadhattā. Nānattanti purimato navamato dasamassa nānattaṃ.