1. Paṭhamavaggo

82.Devaputtasaṃyuttassa paṭhame devaputtoti devānañhi aṅke nibbattā purisā devaputtā nāma, itthiyo devadhītaro nāma honti. Nāmavasena apākaṭāva ‘‘aññatarā devatā’’ti vuccati, pākaṭo ‘‘itthannāmo devaputto’’ti. Tasmā heṭṭhā ‘‘aññatarā devatā’’ti vatvā idha ‘‘devaputto’’ti vuttaṃ. Anusāsanti anusiṭṭhiṃ. Ayaṃ kira devaputto bhagavatā sambodhito sattame vasse yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā tidasapure vassaṃ upagamma abhidhammaṃ desentena jhānavibhaṅge – ‘‘bhikkhūti samaññāya bhikkhu, paṭiññāya bhikkhū’’ti (vibha. 510). Evaṃ bhikkhuniddesaṃ kathiyamānaṃ assosi. ‘‘Evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha, evaṃ manasikarotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha. Idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’’ti (pārā. 19). Evarūpaṃ pana bhikkhuovādaṃ bhikkhuanusāsanaṃ na assosi. So taṃ sandhāya – ‘‘bhikkhuṃ bhagavā pakāsesi, no ca bhikkhuno anusāsa’’nti āha.

Tena hīti yasmā mayā bhikkhuno anusiṭṭhi na pakāsitāti vadasi, tasmā. Taññevettha paṭibhātūti tuyhevesā anusiṭṭhipakāsanā upaṭṭhātūti. Yo hi pañhaṃ kathetukāmo hoti, na ca sakkoti sabbaññutaññāṇena saddhiṃ saṃsanditvā kathetuṃ. Yo vā na kathetukāmo hoti, sakkoti pana kathetuṃ. Yo vā neva kathetukāmo hoti, kathetuṃ na ca sakkoti. Sabbesampi tesaṃ bhagavā pañhaṃ bhāraṃ na karoti. Ayaṃ pana devaputto kathetukāmo ceva, sakkoti ca kathetuṃ. Tasmā tasseva bhāraṃ karonto bhagavā evamāha. Sopi pañhaṃ kathesi.

Tattha subhāsitassa sikkhethāti subhāsitaṃ sikkheyya, catusaccanissitaṃ dasakathāvatthunissitaṃ sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyanissitaṃ catubbidhaṃ vacīsucaritameva sikkheyya. Samaṇūpāsanassa cāti samaṇehi upāsitabbaṃ samaṇūpāsanaṃ nāma aṭṭhatiṃsabhedaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ, tampi sikkheyya bhāveyyāti attho. Bahussutānaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ upāsanampi samaṇūpāsanaṃ. Tampi ‘kiṃ, bhante, kusala’’ntiādinā pañhapucchanena paññāvuddhatthaṃ sikkheyya. Cittavūpasamassa cāti aṭṭhasamāpattivasena cittavūpasamaṃ sikkheyya. Iti devaputtena tisso sikkhā kathitā honti. Purimapadena hi adhisīlasikkhā kathitā, dutiyapadena adhipaññāsikkhā, cittavūpasamena adhicittasikkhāti evaṃ imāya gāthāya sakalampi sāsanaṃ pakāsitameva hoti. Paṭhamaṃ.

83.Dutiye jhāyīti dvīhi jhānehi jhāyī. Vimuttacittoti kammaṭṭhānavimuttiyā vimuttacitto. Hadayassānupattinti arahattaṃ. Lokassāti saṅkhāralokassa. Anissitoti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi anissito, taṇhādiṭṭhiyo vā anissito. Tadānisaṃsoti arahattānisaṃso. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – arahattānisaṃso bhikkhu arahattaṃ patthento jhāyī bhaveyya, suvimuttacitto bhaveyya, lokassa udayabbayaṃ ñatvā anissito bhaveyya. Tantidhammo pana imasmiṃ sāsane pubbabhāgoti. Dutiyaṃ.

84.Tatiye māghoti sakkassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Sveva vattena aññe abhibhavitvā devissariyaṃ pattoti vatrabhū, vatranāmakaṃ vā asuraṃ abhibhavatīti vatrabhū. Tatiyaṃ.

85.Catutthaṃ vuttatthameva. Catutthaṃ.

86.Pañcame na tenāsīsate bhavanti tena kāraṇena yaṃ kiñci bhavaṃ na pattheti. Āyatapaggaho nāmesa devaputto, khīṇāsavassa kiccavosānaṃ natthi. Khīṇāsavena hi ādito arahattappattiyā vīriyaṃ kataṃ, aparabhāge mayā arahattaṃ pattanti mā tuṇhī bhavatu, tatheva vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ karotu parakkamatūti cintetvā evamāha.

Atha bhagavā ‘‘ayaṃ devaputto khīṇāsavassa kiccavosānaṃ akathento mama sāsanaṃ aniyyānikaṃ katheti, kiccavosānamassa kathessāmī’’ti cintetvā natthi kiccantiādimāha. Tīsu kira piṭakesu ayaṃ gāthā asaṃkiṇṇā. Bhagavatā hi aññattha vīriyassa doso nāma dassito natthi. Idha pana imaṃ devaputtaṃ paṭibāhitvā ‘‘khīṇāsavena pubbabhāge āsavakkhayatthāya araññe vasantena kammaṭṭhānaṃ ādāya vīriyaṃ kataṃ, aparabhāge sace icchati, karotu, no ce icchati, yathāsukhaṃ viharatū’’ti khīṇāsavassa kiccavosānadassanatthaṃ evamāha. Tattha gādhanti patiṭṭhaṃ. Pañcamaṃ.

87.Chaṭṭhe dukkaranti ayaṃ kira devaputto pubbayogāvacaro bahalakilesatāya sappayogena kilese vikkhambhento samaṇadhammaṃ katvā pubbūpanissayamandatāya ariyabhūmiṃ appatvāva kālaṃ katvā devaloke nibbatto. So ‘‘tathāgatassa santikaṃ gantvā dukkarabhāvaṃ ārocessāmī’’ti āgantvā evamāha. Tattha dukkaranti dasapi vassāni…pe… saṭṭhipi yadetaṃ ekantaparisuddhassa samaṇadhammassa karaṇaṃ nāma, taṃ dukkaraṃ. Sekhāti satta sekhā. Sīlasamāhitāti sīlena samāhitā samupetā. Ṭhitattāti patiṭṭhitasabhāvā. Evaṃ pucchitapañhaṃ vissajjetvā idāni uparipañhasamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ anagāriyupetassātiādimāha. Tattha anagāriyupetassāti anagāriyaṃ niggehabhāvaṃ upetassa. Sattabhūmikepi hi pāsāde vasanto bhikkhu vuḍḍhatarena āgantvā ‘‘mayhaṃ idaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti vutte pattacīvaraṃ ādāya nikkhamateva. Tasmā ‘‘anagāriyupeto’’ti vuccati. Tuṭṭhīti catupaccayasantoso. Bhāvanāyāti cittavūpasamabhāvanāya.

Te chetvā maccuno jālanti ye rattindivaṃ indriyūpasame ratā, te dussamādahaṃ cittaṃ samādahanti. Ye ca samāhitacittā, te catupaccayasantosaṃ pūrentā na kilamanti. Ye santuṭṭhā, te sīlaṃ pūrentā na kilamanti. Ye sīle patiṭṭhitā satta sekhā, te ariyā maccuno jālasaṅkhātaṃ kilesajālaṃ chinditvā gacchanti. Duggamoti ‘‘saccametaṃ, bhante, ye indriyūpasame ratā, te dussamādahaṃ samādahanti…pe… ye sīle patiṭṭhitā, te maccuno jālaṃ chinditvā gacchanti’’. Kiṃ na gacchissanti? Ayaṃ pana duggamo bhagavā visamo maggoti āha. Tattha kiñcāpi ariyamaggo neva duggamo na visamo, pubbabhāgapaṭipadāya panassa bahū parissayā honti. Tasmā evaṃ vutto. Avaṃsirāti ñāṇasirena adhosirā hutvā papatanti. Ariyamaggaṃ ārohituṃ asamatthatāyeva ca te anariyamagge papatantīti ca vuccanti. Ariyānaṃ samo maggoti sveva maggo ariyānaṃ samo hoti. Visame samāti visamepi sattakāye samāyeva. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

88.Sattame sambādheti nīvaraṇasambādhaṃ kāmaguṇasambādhanti dve sambādhā. Tesu idha nīvaraṇasambādhaṃ adhippetaṃ. Okāsanti jhānassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Paṭilīnanisabhoti paṭilīnaseṭṭho. Paṭilīno nāma pahīnamāno vuccati. Yathāha – ‘‘kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭilīno hoti. Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno asmimāno pahīno hoti ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’’ti (a. ni. 4.38; mahāni. 87). Paccalatthaṃsūti paṭilabhiṃsu. Sammā teti ye nibbānapattiyā satiṃ paṭilabhiṃsu, te lokuttarasamādhināpi susamāhitāti missakajjhānaṃ kathitaṃ. Sattamaṃ.

89.Aṭṭhame purāṇatitthakaroti pubbe titthakaro. Ettha ca titthaṃ nāma dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo, titthakaro nāma tāsaṃ uppādako satthā. Seyyathidaṃ nando, vaccho, kiso, saṃkicco. Purāṇādayo pana titthiyā nāma. Ayaṃ pana diṭṭhiṃ uppādetvā kathaṃ sagge nibbattoti? Kammavāditāya. Esa kira uposathabhattādīni adāsi, anāthānaṃ vattaṃ paṭṭhapesi, patissaye akāsi, pokkharaṇiyo khaṇāpesi, aññampi bahuṃ kalyāṇaṃ akāsi. So tassa nissandena sagge nibbatto, sāsanassa pana niyyānikabhāvaṃ jānāti. So tathāgatassa santikaṃ gantvā sāsanānucchavikā vīriyappaṭisaṃyuttā gāthā vakkhāmīti āgantvā chinda sotantiādimāha.

Tattha chindāti aniyamitaāṇatti. Sotanti taṇhāsotaṃ. Parakkammāti parakkamitvā vīriyaṃ katvā. Kāmeti kilesakāmepi vatthukāmepi. Panudāti nīhara. Ekattanti jhānaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kāme ajahitvā muni jhānaṃ na upapajjati, na paṭilabhatīti attho. Kayirā ce kayirāthenanti yadi vīriyaṃ kareyya, kareyyātha, taṃ vīriyaṃ na osakkeyya. Daḷhamenaṃ parakkameti daḷhaṃ enaṃ kareyya. Sithilo hi paribbājoti sithilagahitā pabbajjā. Bhiyyo ākirate rajanti atirekaṃ upari kilesarajaṃ ākirati. Akataṃ dukkaṭaṃ seyyoti dukkaṭaṃ akatameva seyyo. Yaṃ kiñcīti na kevalaṃ dukkaṭaṃ katvā katasāmaññameva, aññampi yaṃ kiñci sithilaṃ kataṃ evarūpameva hoti. Saṃkiliṭṭhanti dukkarakārikavataṃ. Imasmiṃ hi sāsane paccayahetu samādinnadhutaṅgavataṃ saṃkiliṭṭhameva. Saṅkassaranti saṅkāya saritaṃ, ‘‘idampi iminā kataṃ bhavissati, idampi iminā’’ti evaṃ āsaṅkitaparisaṅkitaṃ. Ādibrahmacariyikāti maggabrahmacariyassa ādibhūtā pubbapadhānabhūtā. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

90.Navame candimāti candavimānavāsī devaputto. Sabbadhīti sabbesu khandhaāyatanādīsu. Lokānukampakāti tuyhampi etassapi tādisā eva. Santaramānovāti turito viya. Pamuñcasīti atītatthe vattamānavacanaṃ. Navamaṃ.

91.Dasame sūriyoti sūriyavimānavāsī devaputto. Andhakāreti cakkhuviññāṇuppattinivāraṇena andhabhāvakaraṇe. Virocatīti verocano. Maṇḍalīti maṇḍalasaṇṭhāno. Mā, rāhu, gilī caramantalikkheti antalikkhe caraṃ sūriyaṃ, rāhu, mā gilīti vadati. Kiṃ panesa taṃ gilatīti? Āma, gilati. Rāhussa hi attabhāvo mahā, uccattanena aṭṭhayojanasatādhikāni cattāri yojanasahassāni, bāhantaramassa dvādasayojanasatāni, bahalattena cha yojanasatāni, sīsaṃ nava yojanasataṃ, nalāṭaṃ tiyojanasataṃ, bhamukantaraṃ paṇṇāsayojanaṃ, mukhaṃ dviyojanasataṃ, ghānaṃ tiyojanasataṃ, mukhādhānaṃ tiyojanasatagambhīraṃ hatthatalapādatalāni puthulato dviyojanasatāni. Aṅgulipabbāni paṇṇāsa yojanāni. So candimasūriye virocamāne disvā issāpakato tesaṃ gamanavīthiṃ otaritvā mukhaṃ vivaritvā tiṭṭhati. Candavimānaṃ sūriyavimānaṃ vā tiyojanasatike mahānarake pakkhittaṃ viya hoti. Vimāne adhivatthā devatā maraṇabhayatajjitā ekappahāreneva viravanti. So pana vimānaṃ kadāci hatthena chādeti, kadāci hanukassa heṭṭhā pakkhipati, kadāci jivhāya parimajjati, kadāci avagaṇḍakārakaṃ bhuñjanto viya kapolantare ṭhapeti. Vegaṃ pana vāretuṃ na sakkoti. Sace vāressāmīti gaṇḍakaṃ katvā tiṭṭheyya, matthakaṃ tassa bhinditvā nikkhameyya, ākaḍḍhitvā vā naṃ onameyya. Tasmā vimānena saheva gacchati. Pajaṃ mamanti candimasūriyā kira dvepi devaputtā mahāsamayasuttakathanadivase sotāpattiphalaṃ pattā. Tena bhagavā ‘‘pajaṃ mama’’nti āha, putto mama esoti attho. Dasamaṃ.