2. Saccakathā

8.Idāni yuganaddhaguṇassa ariyamaggassa vasena saccaṭṭhaṃ saccapaṭivedhavisesaṃ saccalakkhaṇādividhānañca dassentena kathitāya suttantapubbaṅgamāya saccakathāya apubbatthānuvaṇṇanā. Tattha suttante tāva tathānīti yathāsabhāvavasena tacchāni. Yathāsabhāvabhūtāneva hi dhammajātāni saccaṭṭhena saccāni. Saccaṭṭho paṭhamañāṇaniddesavaṇṇanāyaṃ vutto. Avitathānīti vuttasabhāve vipariyāyavirahitāni. Na hi saccāni asaccāni nāma honti. Anaññathānīti aññasabhāvavirahitāni. Na hi asaccāni saccāni nāma honti. Idaṃ dukkhanti, bhikkhave, tathametanti bhikkhave, idaṃ dukkhanti yaṃ vuccati, etaṃ yathāsabhāvattā tathaṃ. Dukkhameva hi dukkhaṃ. Vuttasabhāve vipariyāyābhāvato avitathaṃ. Na hi dukkhaṃ adukkhaṃ nāma hoti. Aññasabhāvavirahitattā anaññathaṃ. Na hi dukkhaṃ samudayādisabhāvaṃ hoti. Samudayādīsupi eseva nayo.

Tathaṭṭhenāti yathāsabhāvaṭṭhena. Pīḷanaṭṭhādayo ñāṇakathāyaṃ vuttatthāyeva.

9.Ekappaṭivedhānīti ekena maggañāṇena paṭivedho, ekato vā paṭivedho etesanti ekappaṭivedhāni. Anattaṭṭhenāti catunnampi saccānaṃ attavirahitattā anattaṭṭhena. Vuttañhetaṃ visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.567) – paramatthato hi sabbāneva saccāni vedakakārakanibbutagamakābhāvato suññānīti veditabbāni. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Dukkhameva hi, na koci dukkhito, kārako na, kiriyāva vijjati;

Atthi nibbuti, na nibbuto pumā, maggamatthi, gamako na vijjatī’’ti. (visuddhi. 2.567);

Atha vā –

‘‘Dhuvasubhasukhattasuññaṃ, purimadvayamattasuññamamatapadaṃ;

Dhuvasukhaattavirahito, maggo iti suññatā tesū’’ti. (visuddhi. 2.567);

Saccaṭṭhenāti avisaṃvādakaṭṭhena. Paṭivedhaṭṭhenāti maggakkhaṇe paṭivijjhitabbaṭṭhena. Ekasaṅgahitānīti tathaṭṭhādinā ekekeneva atthena saṅgahitāni, ekagaṇanaṃ gatānīti attho. Yaṃ ekasaṅgahitaṃ, taṃ ekattanti yasmā ekena saṅgahitaṃ, tasmā ekattanti attho. Saccānaṃ bahuttepi ekattamapekkhitvā ekavacanaṃ kataṃ. Ekattaṃ ekena ñāṇena paṭivijjhatīti pubbabhāge catunnaṃ saccānaṃ nānattekattaṃ svāvatthitaṃ vavatthapetvā ṭhito maggakkhaṇe ekena maggañāṇena tathaṭṭhāditaṃtaṃekattaṃ paṭivijjhati. Kathaṃ? Nirodhasaccassa tathaṭṭhādike ekatte paṭividdhe sesasaccānampi tathaṭṭhādikaṃ ekattaṃ paṭividdhameva hoti. Yathā pubbabhāge pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ nānattekattaṃ svāvatthitaṃ vavatthapetvā ṭhitassa maggavuṭṭhānakāle aniccato vā dukkhato vā anattato vā vuṭṭhahantassa ekasmimpi khandhe aniccādito diṭṭhe sesakhandhāpi aniccādito diṭṭhāva honti, evamidanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Dukkhassa dukkhaṭṭho tathaṭṭhoti dukkhasaccassa pīḷanaṭṭhādiko catubbidho attho sabhāvaṭṭhena tathaṭṭho. Sesasaccesupi eseva nayo. Soyeva catubbidho attho attābhāvato anattaṭṭho. Vuttasabhāve avisaṃvādakato saccaṭṭho. Maggakkhaṇe paṭivijjhitabbato paṭivedhaṭṭho vuttoti veditabbaṃ.

10.Yaṃ aniccantiādi sāmaññalakkhaṇapubbaṅgamaṃ katvā dassitaṃ. Tattha yaṃ aniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, taṃ aniccanti dukkhasamudayamaggā gahitā. Tāni hi tīṇi saccāni aniccāni ceva aniccattā dukkhāni ca. Yaṃ aniccañca dukkhañca, taṃ anattāti tāniyeva tīṇi gahitāni. Yaṃ aniccañca dukkhañca anattā cāti tehi tīhi saha nirodhasaccañca saṅgahitaṃ. Cattāripi hi anattāyeva. Taṃ tathanti taṃ saccacatukkaṃ sabhāvabhūtaṃ. Taṃ saccanti tadeva saccacatukkaṃ yathāsabhāve avisaṃvādakaṃ. Navahākārehītiādīsu ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, abhiññeyya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.3; saṃ. ni. 4.46) vacanato abhiññaṭṭhena, dukkhassa pariññaṭṭhe, samudayassa pahānaṭṭhe, maggassa bhāvanaṭṭhe, nirodhassa sacchikiriyaṭṭhe āvenikepi idha catūsupi saccesu ñātapariññāsabbhāvato pariññaṭṭhena, catusaccadassanena pahānasabbhāvato pahānaṭṭhena, catusaccabhāvanāsabbhāvato bhāvanaṭṭhena, catunnaṃ saccānaṃ sacchikiriyasabbhāvato sacchikiriyaṭṭhenāti niddiṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ. Navahākārehi tathaṭṭhenātiādīsu paṭhamaṃ vuttanayeneva yojanā kātabbā.

11.Dvādasahi ākārehītiādīsu tathaṭṭhādayo ñāṇakathāyaṃ vuttatthā. Etesaṃ niddesepi vuttanayeneva yojanā veditabbā.

12.Saccānaṃ kati lakkhaṇānītiādīsu upari vattabbāni cha lakkhaṇāni saṅkhatāsaṅkhatavasena dvidhā bhinditvā dve lakkhaṇānīti āha. Tattha saṅkhatalakkhaṇañca asaṅkhatalakkhaṇañcāti ‘‘tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, saṅkhatassa saṅkhatalakkhaṇāni uppādo paññāyati, vayo paññāyati, ṭhitassa aññathattaṃ paññāyati. Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, asaṅkhatassa asaṅkhatalakkhaṇāni na uppādo paññāyati, na vayo paññāyati, na ṭhitassa aññathattaṃ paññāyatī’’ti (a. ni. 3.47-48) evaṃ vuttaṃ saṅkhatassa saṅkhatamiti lakkhaṇañca asaṅkhatassa asaṅkhatamiti lakkhaṇañca. Saṅkhataṃ pana na lakkhaṇaṃ, lakkhaṇaṃ na saṅkhataṃ. Na ca saṅkhataṃ vinā lakkhaṇaṃ paññāpetuṃ sakkā, napi lakkhaṇaṃ vinā saṅkhataṃ. Lakkhaṇena pana saṅkhataṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti.

Puna tadeva lakkhaṇadvayaṃ vitthārato dassento cha lakkhaṇānīti āha. Saṅkhatānaṃ saccānanti dukkhasamudayamaggasaccānaṃ. Tāni hi paccayehi saṅgamma katattā saṅkhatāni. Uppādoti jāti. Paññāyatīti jānīyati. Vayoti bhaṅgo. Ṭhitānaṃ aññathattanti ṭhitippattānaṃ aññathābhāvo jarā. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅkhatasaccānaṃ nipphannattā uppādavayaññathattaṃ vuttaṃ, tesaṃyeva pana uppādassa, jarāya bhaṅgassa ca anipphannattā uppādavayaññathattaṃ na vattabbaṃ. Saṅkhatanissitattā uppādavayaññathattaṃ na paññāyatīti na vattabbaṃ. Saṅkhatavikārattā pana saṅkhatanti vattabbaṃ. Dukkhasamudayānaṃ uppādajarābhaṅgā saccapariyāpannā, maggasaccassa uppādajarābhaṅgā na saccapariyāpannāti vadanti. Tattha ‘‘saṅkhatānaṃ uppādakkhaṇe saṅkhatāpi uppādalakkhaṇampi kālasaṅkhāto tassa khaṇopi paññāyati, uppāde vītivatte saṅkhatāpi jarālakkhaṇampi kālasaṅkhāto tassa khaṇopi paññāyati, bhaṅgakkhaṇe saṅkhatāpi jarāpi bhaṅgalakkhaṇampi kālasaṅkhāto tassa khaṇopi paññāyatī’’ti khandhakavaggaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.37-38) vuttaṃ. Asaṅkhatassa saccassāti nirodhasaccassa. Tañhi paccayehi samāgamma akatattā sayameva nipphannanti asaṅkhataṃ. Ṭhitassāti niccattā ṭhitassa, na ṭhānappattattā. Puna tadeva lakkhaṇadvayaṃ vitthārato dassento dvādasa lakkhaṇānīti āha.

Catunnaṃ saccānaṃ kati kusalātiādīsu abyākatanti vipākābyākataṃ kiriyābyākataṃ rūpābyākataṃ nibbānābyākatanti catūsu abyākatesu nibbānābyākataṃ. Cattāripi hi kusalākusalalakkhaṇena na byākatattā abyākatāni. Siyā kusalanti kāmāvacararūpāvacarārūpāvacarakusalānaṃ vasena kusalampi bhaveyya. Siyā akusalanti taṇhaṃ ṭhapetvā sesākusalavasena. Siyā abyākatanti kāmāvacararūpāvacarārūpāvacaravipākakiriyānaṃ rūpānañca vasena. Siyā tīṇi saccānītiādīsu saṅgahitānīti gaṇitāni. Vatthuvasenāti akusalakusalābyākatadukkhasamudayanirodhamaggasaṅkhātavatthuvasena. Yaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ akusalanti ṭhapetvā taṇhaṃ avasesaṃ akusalaṃ. Akusalaṭṭhena dve saccāni ekasaccena saṅgahitānīti imāni dve dukkhasamudayasaccāni akusalaṭṭhena ekasaccena saṅgahitāni, akusalasaccaṃ nāma hotīti attho. Ekasaccaṃ dvīhi saccehi saṅgahitanti ekaṃ akusalasaccaṃ dvīhi dukkhasamudayasaccehi saṅgahitaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ kusalanti tebhūmakaṃ kusalaṃ. Imāni dve dukkhamaggasaccāni kusalaṭṭhena ekasaccena saṅgahitāni, kusalasaccaṃ nāma hoti. Ekaṃ kusalasaccaṃ dvīhi dukkhamaggasaccehi saṅgahitaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ abyākatanti tebhūmakavipākakiriyā rūpañca. Imāni dve dukkhanirodhasaccāni abyākataṭṭhena ekasaccena saṅgahitāni, ekaṃ abyākatasaccaṃ nāma hoti. Ekaṃ abyākatasaccaṃ dvīhi dukkhanirodhasaccehi saṅgahitaṃ. Tīṇi saccāni ekasaccena saṅgahitānīti samudayamagganirodhasaccāni ekena akusalakusalābyākatabhūtena dukkhasaccena saṅgahitāni. Ekaṃ saccaṃ tīhi saccehi saṅgahitanti ekaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ visuṃ akusalakusalaabyākatabhūtehi samudayamagganirodhasaccehi saṅgahitaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘dukkhasamudayasaccāni akusalaṭṭhena samudayasaccena saṅgahitāni, dukkhamaggasaccāni kusalaṭṭhena maggasaccena saṅgahitāni, na dassanaṭṭhena. Dukkhanirodhasaccāni abyākataṭṭhena nirodhasaccena saṅgahitāni, na asaṅkhataṭṭhenā’’ti vaṇṇayanti.

13.Puna aññassa suttantassa atthavasena saccappaṭivedhaṃ niddisitukāmo pubbe me, bhikkhavetiādikaṃ suttantaṃ āharitvā dassesi. Tattha pubbe me, bhikkhave, sambodhāti bhikkhave, mama sambodhito sabbaññutaññāṇato pubbe. Anabhisambuddhassāti sabbadhamme appaṭividdhassa. Bodhisattasseva satoti bodhisattabhūtasseva. Etadahosīti bodhipallaṅke nisinnassa etaṃ parivitakkitaṃ ahosi. Assādoti assādīyatīti assādo. Ādīnavoti doso. Nissaraṇanti apagamanaṃ. Sukhanti sukhayatīti sukhaṃ, yassuppajjati, taṃ sukhitaṃ karotīti attho. Somanassanti pītisomanassayogato sobhanaṃ mano assāti sumano, sumanassa bhāvo somanassaṃ, sukhameva pītiyogato visesitaṃ. Aniccanti addhuvaṃ. Dukkhanti dukkhavatthuttā saṅkhāradukkhattā ca dukkhaṃ. Vipariṇāmadhammanti avasī hutvā jarābhaṅgavasena parivattanapakatikaṃ. Etena anattabhāvo vutto hoti. Chandarāgavinayoti chandasaṅkhātassa rāgassa saṃvaraṇaṃ, na vaṇṇarāgassa. Chandarāgappahānanti tasseva chandarāgassa pajahanaṃ.

Yāvakīvañcātiādīsu yāva imesaṃ pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ…pe… yathābhūtaṃ nābbhaññāsiṃ na adhikena ñāṇena paṭivijjhiṃ, tāva anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ anuttaraṃ sabbaññubhāvaṃ abhisambuddho abhisametāvī arahanti nevāhaṃ paccaññāsiṃ neva paṭiññaṃ akāsinti sambandhato attho. Kīvañcāti nipātamattaṃ. Yatoti yasmā, yadā vā. Athāti anantaraṃ. Ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādīti dassanakiccakaraṇena dassanasaṅkhātaṃ paccavekkhaṇañāṇañca me uppajji. Akuppāti kopetuṃ cāletuṃ asakkuṇeyyā. Vimuttīti arahattaphalavimutti. Etāya eva phalapaccavekkhaṇāya magganibbānapaccavekkhaṇāpi vuttāva honti. Ayamantimā jātīti ayaṃ pacchimā khandhappavatti. Natthidāni punabbhavoti idāni puna uppatti natthi. Etena pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇā vuttā. Arahato hi avasiṭṭhakilesapaccavekkhaṇā na hoti.

14.Saccappaṭivedhañāṇayojanakkame ca ayaṃ rūpassa assādoti pahānappaṭivedhoti pubbabhāge ‘‘ayaṃ taṇhāsampayutto rūpassa assādo’’ti ñatvā maggakkhaṇe samudayappahānasaṅkhāto samudayasaccappaṭivedho. Samudayasaccanti samudayasaccappaṭivedhañāṇaṃ. Ariyasaccārammaṇañāṇampi hi ‘‘ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te catūsu ariyasaccesu saṅgahaṃ gacchantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.300) viya ‘‘sacca’’nti vuccati. Ayaṃ rūpassa ādīnavoti pariññāpaṭivedhoti pubbabhāge ‘‘ayaṃ rūpassa ādīnavo’’ti ñatvā maggakkhaṇe dukkhapariññāsaṅkhāto dukkhasaccappaṭivedho. Dukkhasaccanti dukkhasaccappaṭivedhañāṇaṃ. Idaṃ rūpassa nissaraṇanti sacchikiriyāpaṭivedhoti pubbabhāge ‘‘idaṃ rūpassa nissaraṇa’’nti ñatvā maggakkhaṇe nirodhasacchikiriyāsaṅkhāto nirodhasaccappaṭivedho. Nirodhasaccanti nirodhasaccārammaṇaṃ nirodhasaccappaṭivedhañāṇaṃ. Yā imesu tīsu ṭhānesūti imesu yathāvuttesu tīsu samudayadukkhanirodhesu paṭivedhavasena pavattā yā diṭṭhi yo saṅkappoti yojanā. Bhāvanāpaṭivedhoti ayaṃ maggabhāvanāsaṅkhāto maggasaccappaṭivedho. Maggasaccanti maggasaccappaṭivedhañāṇaṃ.

15.Puna aparena pariyāyena saccāni ca saccappaṭivedhañca dassento saccanti katihākārehi saccantiādimāha. Tattha yasmā sabbepi sabbaññubodhisattā bodhipallaṅke nisinnā jarāmaraṇādikassa dukkhasaccassa jātiādikaṃ samudayasaccaṃ ‘‘kiṃ nu kho’’ti esanti, tathā esantā ca jarāmaraṇādikassa dukkhasaccassa jātiādikaṃ samudayasaccaṃ ‘‘paccayo’’ti vavatthapento pariggaṇhanti, tasmā sā ca esanā so ca pariggaho saccānaṃ esanattā pariggahattā ca ‘‘sacca’’nti katvā esanaṭṭhena pariggahaṭṭhenāti vuttaṃ. Ayañca vidhi paccekabuddhānampi paccayapariggahe labbhatiyeva, sāvakānaṃ pana anussavavasena paccayapariggahe labbhati. Paṭivedhaṭṭhenāti pubbabhāge tathā esitānaṃ pariggahitānañca maggakkhaṇe ekapaṭivedhaṭṭhena.

Kiṃnidānantiādīsu nidānādīni sabbāni kāraṇavevacanāni. Kāraṇañhi yasmā phalaṃ nideti ‘‘handa naṃ gaṇhathā’’ti appeti viya, tasmā ‘‘nidāna’’nti vuccati. Yasmā phalaṃ tato samudeti, jāyati, pabhavati; tasmā samudayo, jāti, pabhavoti vuccati. Ayaṃ panettha attho – kiṃ nidānaṃ etassāti kiṃnidānaṃ. Ko samudayo etassāti kiṃsamudayaṃ. Kā jāti etassāti kiṃjātikaṃ. Ko pabhavo etassāti kiṃpabhavaṃ. Yasmā pana tassa jāti yathāvuttena atthena nidānañceva samudayo ca jāti ca pabhavo ca, tasmā jātinidānantiādimāha. Jarāmaraṇanti dukkhasaccaṃ. Jarāmaraṇasamudayanti tassa paccayaṃ samudayasaccaṃ. Jarāmaraṇanirodhanti nirodhasaccaṃ. Jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadanti maggasaccaṃ. Imināva nayena sabbapadesu attho veditabbo.

16.Nirodhappajānanāti ārammaṇakaraṇena nirodhassa pajānanā. Jāti siyā dukkhasaccaṃ, siyā samudayasaccanti bhavapaccayā paññāyanaṭṭhena dukkhasaccaṃ, jarāmaraṇassa paccayaṭṭhena samudayasaccaṃ. Esa nayo sesesupi. Avijjā siyā dukkhasaccanti pana āsavasamudayā avijjāsamudayaṭṭhenāti.