Aṭṭhasālinī nāma

Karuṇā viya sattesu, paññā yassa mahesino;

Ñeyyadhammesu sabbesu, pavattittha yathāruci.

Dayāya tāya sattesu, samussāhitamānaso;

Pāṭihīrāvasānamhi, vasanto tidasālaye.

Pāricchattakamūlamhi, paṇḍukambalanāmake;

Silāsane sannisinno, ādiccova yugandhare.

Cakkavāḷasahassehi, dasahāgamma sabbaso;

Sannisinnena devānaṃ, gaṇena parivārito.

Mātaraṃ pamukhaṃ katvā, tassā paññāya tejasā;

Abhidhammakathāmaggaṃ, devānaṃ sampavattayi.

Tassa pāde namassitvā, sambuddhassa sirīmato;

Saddhammañcassa pūjetvā, katvā saṅghassa cañjaliṃ.

Nipaccakārassetassa, katassa ratanattaye;

Ānubhāvena sosetvā, antarāye asesato.

Visuddhācārasīlena, nipuṇāmalabuddhinā;

Bhikkhunā buddhaghosena, sakkaccaṃ abhiyācito.

Yaṃ devadevo devānaṃ, desetvā nayato puna;

Therassa sāriputtassa, samācikkhi vināyako.

Anotattadahe katvā, upaṭṭhānaṃ mahesino;

Yañca sutvāna so thero, āharitvā mahītalaṃ.

Bhikkhūnaṃ payirudāhāsi, iti bhikkhūhi dhārito;

Saṅgītikāle saṅgīto, vedehamuninā puna.

Tassa gambhīrañāṇehi, ogāḷhassa abhiṇhaso;

Nānānayavicittassa, abhidhammassa ādito.

Yā mahākassapādīhi, vasīhiṭṭhakathā purā;

Saṅgītā anusaṅgītā, pacchāpi ca isīhi yā.

Ābhatā pana therena, mahindenetamuttamaṃ;

Yā dīpaṃ dīpavāsīnaṃ, bhāsāya abhisaṅkhatā.

Apanetvā tato bhāsaṃ, tambapaṇṇinivāsinaṃ;

Āropayitvā niddosaṃ, bhāsaṃ tantinayānugaṃ.

Nikāyantaraladdhīhi, asammissaṃ anākulaṃ;

Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, dīpayanto vinicchayaṃ.

Atthaṃ pakāsayissāmi, āgamaṭṭhakathāsupi;

Gahetabbaṃ gahetvāna, tosayanto vicakkhaṇe.

Kammaṭṭhānāni sabbāni, cariyābhiññā vipassanā;

Visuddhimagge panidaṃ, yasmā sabbaṃ pakāsitaṃ.

Tasmā taṃ aggahetvāna, sakalāyapi tantiyā;

Padānukkamato eva, karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ.

Iti me bhāsamānassa, abhidhammakathaṃ imaṃ;

Avikkhittā nisāmetha, dullabhā hi ayaṃ kathāti.

Tattha kenaṭṭhena abhidhammo? Dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena. Atirekavisesatthadīpako hettha ‘abhi’-saddo. ‘‘Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti’’ (ma. ni. 3.384; saṃ. ni. 5.195) ‘‘abhikkantavaṇṇā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.1-2) viya. Tasmā yathā samussitesu bahūsu chattesu ceva dhajesu ca yaṃ atirekappamāṇaṃ visesavaṇṇasaṇṭhānañca chattaṃ, taṃ ‘aticchatta’nti vuccati, yo atirekappamāṇo nānāvirāgavaṇṇavisesasampanno ca dhajo so ‘atidhajo’ti vuccati, yathā ca ekato sannipatitesu bahūsu rājakumāresu ceva devesu ca yo jātibhogayasaissariyādisampattīhi atirekataro ceva visesavantataro ca rājakumāro so ‘atirājakumāro’ti vuccati, yo āyuvaṇṇaissariyayasasampattiādīhi atirekataro ceva visesavantataro ca devo so ‘atidevo’ti vuccati, tathārūpo brahmāpi ‘atibrahmā’ti vuccati, evameva ayampi dhammo dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena ‘abhidhammo’ti vuccati.

Suttantañhi patvā pañcakkhandhā ekadeseneva vibhattā, na nippadesena; abhidhammaṃ patvā pana suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhapucchakanayānaṃ vasena nippadesato vibhattā. Tathā dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, cattāri saccāni, bāvīsatindriyāni, dvādasapadiko paccayākāro. Kevalañhi indriyavibhaṅge suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi, paccayākāre ca pañhapucchakaṃ natthi. Suttantañca patvā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā ekadeseneva vibhattā, na nippadesena; abhidhammaṃ patvā pana tiṇṇampi nayānaṃ vasena nippadesatova vibhattā. Tathā cattāri sammappadhānāni, cattāro iddhipādā, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, cattāri jhānāni, catasso appamaññāyo, pañca sikkhāpadāni, catasso paṭisambhidā. Kevalañhettha sikkhāpadavibhaṅge suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi. Suttantaṃ patvā ca ñāṇaṃ ekadeseneva vibhattaṃ na nippadesena; tathā kilesā. Abhidhammaṃ patvā pana ‘‘ekavidhena ñāṇavatthū’’tiādinā (vibha. 751) nayena mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā nippadesatova vibhattaṃ. Tathā ekakato paṭṭhāya anekehi nayehi kilesā. Suttantaṃ patvā ca bhūmantaraparicchedo ekadeseneva vibhatto, na nippadesena; abhidhammaṃ pana patvā tiṇṇampi nayānaṃ vasena bhūmantaraparicchedo nippadesatova vibhatto. Evaṃ dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena abhidhammoti veditabbo.

Pakaraṇaparicchedato panesa dhammasaṅgaṇīvibhaṅgadhātukathāpuggalapaññattikathāvatthuyamakapaṭṭhānānaṃ sattannaṃ pakaraṇānaṃ vasena ṭhito. Ayamettha ācariyānaṃ samānakathā. Vitaṇḍavādī panāha – ‘kathāvatthu kasmā gahitaṃ? Nanu sammāsambuddhassa parinibbānato aṭṭhārasavassādhikāni dve vassasatāni atikkamitvā moggaliputtatissattherenetaṃ ṭhapitaṃ? Tasmā sāvakabhāsitattā chaḍḍetha na’nti. ‘Kiṃ pana chappakaraṇāni abhidhammo’ti? ‘Evaṃ na vadāmī’ti. ‘Atha kiṃ vadesī’ti. ‘Sattappakaraṇānī’ti. ‘Kataraṃ gahetvā satta karosī’ti? ‘Mahādhammahadayaṃ nāma atthi, etena saha sattā’ti. ‘Mahādhammahadaye apubbaṃ natthi, katipayāva pañhāvārā avasesā, kathāvatthunāva saddhiṃ sattā’ti. ‘No kathāvatthunā, mahādhātukathā nāma atthi, tāya saddhiṃ sattā’ti. ‘Mahādhātukathāyaṃ apubbaṃ natthi, appamattikāva tanti avasesā. Kathāvatthunāva saddhiṃ sattā’ti.

Sammāsambuddho hi sattappakaraṇāni desento kathāvatthuṃ patvā yā esā puggalavāre tāva catūsu pañhesu dvinnaṃ pañcakānaṃ vasena aṭṭhamukhā vādayutti taṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbakathāmaggesu asampuṇṇabhāṇavāramattāya pāḷiyā mātikaṃ ṭhapesi. Sā panesā ‘‘puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti. Āmantā. Yo saccikaṭṭho paramattho tato so puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti. Nahevaṃ vattabbe. Ājānāhi niggahaṃ…pe… puggalo nupalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti. Āmantā. Yo saccikaṭṭho paramattho tato so puggalo nupalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti. Nahevaṃ vattabbe. Ājānāhi niggahaṃ…pe…. Sabbattha puggalo upalabbhati sabbattha puggalo nupalabbhati, sabbadā puggalo upalabbhati sabbadā puggalo nupalabbhati, sabbesu puggalo upalabbhati sabbesu puggalo nupalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenā’’ti (kathā. 15-16) evaṃ paṭhamaṃ vādaṃ nissāya paṭhamaṃ niggahaṃ, dutiyaṃ nissāya dutiyaṃ …pe… aṭṭhamaṃ nissāya aṭṭhamaṃ niggahaṃ dassentena satthārā ṭhapitā. Iminā nayena sabbattha mātikāṭhapanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Taṃ panetaṃ mātikaṃ ṭhapento imaṃ disvā ṭhapesi – mama parinibbānato aṭṭhārasavassādhikānaṃ dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ matthake moggaliputtatissatthero nāma bhikkhu bhikkhusahassamajjhe nisinno sakavāde pañca suttasatāni paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ samodhānetvā dīghanikāyappamāṇaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ bhājessatīti.

Moggaliputtatissattheropi idaṃ pakaraṇaṃ desento na attano ñāṇena desesi, satthārā pana dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya desesi. Iti satthārā dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya desitattā sakalampetaṃ pakaraṇaṃ buddhabhāsitameva nāma jātaṃ. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā madhupiṇḍikasuttantādīni. Madhupiṇḍikasuttantasmiñhi bhagavā ‘‘yatonidānaṃ bhikkhu purisaṃ papañcasaññāsaṅkhā samudācaranti, ettha ce natthi abhinanditabbaṃ abhivaditabbaṃ ajjhositabbaṃ, esevanto rāgānusayāna’’nti (ma. ni. 1.202) mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.

Dhammappaṭiggāhakā bhikkhū mahākaccānattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dasabalena ṭhapitamātikāya atthaṃ pucchiṃsu. Thero pucchitamattakeneva akathetvā dasabalassa apacitidassanatthaṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi āvuso puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.203) sāropamaṃ āharitvā sārarukkho viya bhagavā sākhāpalāsasadisā sāvakā, ‘‘so hāvuso bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgato’’ti satthāraṃ thometvā punappunaṃ therehi yācito satthārā ṭhapitamātikāya atthaṃ vibhajitvā ‘‘ākaṅkhamānā ca pana tumhe āyasmanto bhagavantaṃyeva upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha sace sabbaññutaññāṇena saddhiṃ saṃsandiyamānaṃ sameti gaṇheyyātha, no ce mā gaṇhitthā’’ti iminā adhippāyena ‘‘yathā vo bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā’’ti vatvā uyyojesi.

Te satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchiṃsu. Satthā dukkathitaṃ kaccānenāti avatvā suvaṇṇāliṅgaṃ ussāpento viya gīvaṃ unnāmetvā supupphitasatapattasassirikaṃ mahāmukhaṃ pūrento brahmassaraṃ nicchāretvā sādhu sādhūti therassa sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘paṇḍito, bhikkhave, mahākaccāno, mahāpañño bhikkhave mahākaccāno, maṃ cepi tumhe, bhikkhave, etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, ahampi taṃ evamevaṃ byākareyyaṃ yathā taṃ mahākaccānena byākata’’nti (ma. ni. 1.205) āha.

Evaṃ satthārā anumoditakālato paṭṭhāya ca pana sakalaṃ suttaṃ buddhabhāsitaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Ānandattherādīhi vitthāritasuttesupi eseva nayo. Evameva sammāsambuddho sattappakaraṇāni desento kathāvatthuṃ patvā vuttanayena mātikaṃ ṭhapesi. Ṭhapento ca pana imaṃ addasa –

Mama parinibbānato aṭṭhārasavassādhikānaṃ dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ matthake moggaliputtatissatthero nāma bhikkhu bhikkhusahassamajjhe nisinno sakavāde pañca suttasatāni paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ samodhānetvā dīghanikāyappamāṇaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ bhājessatīti.

Moggaliputtatissattheropi imaṃ pakaraṇaṃ desento na attano ñāṇena desesi, satthārā pana dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya desesi. Iti satthārā dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya desitattā sakalampetaṃ pakaraṇaṃ buddhabhāsitameva jātaṃ. Evaṃ kathāvatthunāva saddhiṃ satta pakaraṇāni abhidhammo nāma.

Tattha dhammasaṅgaṇīpakaraṇe catasso vibhattiyo – cittavibhatti rūpavibhatti nikkheparāsi atthuddhāroti. Tattha kāmāvacarakusalato aṭṭha, akusalato dvādasa, kusalavipākato soḷasa, akusalavipākato satta, kiriyato ekādasa; rūpāvacarakusalato pañca, vipākato pañca, kiriyato pañca; arūpāvacarakusalato cattāri, vipākato cattāri, kiriyato cattāri; lokuttarakusalato cattāri, vipākato cattārīti ekūnanavuti cittāni cittavibhatti nāma. Cittuppādakaṇḍantipi etasseva nāmaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato atirekachabhāṇavāraṃ, vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ ekavidhena duvidhenātiādinā nayena mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā vitthārena vibhajitvā dassitā rūpavibhatti nāma. Rūpakaṇḍantipi etasseva nāmaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato atirekadvibhāṇavāraṃ. Vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ mūlato khandhato dvārato bhūmito atthato dhammato nāmato liṅgatoti evaṃ mūlādīhi nikkhipitvā desito nikkheparāsi nāma. So –

Mūlato khandhato cāpi, dvārato cāpi bhūmito;

Atthato dhammato cāpi, nāmato cāpi liṅgato;

Nikkhipitvā desitattā, nikkhepoti pavuccati.

Nikkhepakaṇḍantipi tasseva nāmaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato timattabhāṇavāraṃ. Vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ pana tepiṭakassa buddhavacanassa atthuddhārabhūtaṃ yāva saraṇadukā nikkhittaṃ aṭṭhakathākaṇḍaṃ nāma. Yato mahāpakaraṇiyā bhikkhū mahāpakaraṇe gaṇanacāraṃ asallakkhentā gaṇanacāraṃ samānenti. Taṃ vācanāmaggato dvimattabhāṇavāraṃ. Vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Iti sakalampi dhammasaṅgaṇīpakaraṇaṃ vācanāmaggato atirekaterasamattabhāṇavāraṃ. Vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti. Evametaṃ –

Cittavibhatti rūpañca, nikkhepo atthajotanā;

Gambhīraṃ nipuṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ, tampi buddhena desitaṃ.

Tadanantaraṃ vibhaṅgappakaraṇaṃ nāma. Taṃ khandhavibhaṅgo āyatanavibhaṅgo dhātuvibhaṅgo saccavibhaṅgo idriyavibhaṅgo paccayākāravibhaṅgo satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgo sammappadhānavibhaṅgo iddhipādavibhaṅgo bojjhaṅgavibhaṅgo maggaṅgavibhaṅgo jhānavibhaṅgo appamaññāvibhaṅgo sikkhāpadavibhaṅgo paṭisambhidāvibhaṅgo ñāṇavibhaṅgo khuddakavatthuvibhaṅgo dhammahadayavibhaṅgoti aṭṭhārasavidhena vibhattaṃ.

Tattha khandhavibhaṅgo suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhapucchakānaṃ vasena tidhā vibhatto. So vācanāmaggato pañcamattabhāṇavāro, vitthāriyamāno pana ananto aparimāṇo hoti. Tato paraṃ āyatanavibhaṅgādayopi eteheva tīhi nayehi vibhattā. Tesu āyatanavibhaṅgo vācanāmaggato atirekabhāṇavāro, dhātuvibhaṅgo dvimattabhāṇavāro. Tathā saccavibhaṅgo. Indriyavibhaṅge suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi; vācanāmaggato panesa atirekabhāṇavāramatto. Paccayākāravibhaṅgo chamattabhāṇavāro, pañhapucchakaṃ panettha natthi. Satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgo atirekabhāṇavāramatto; tathā sammappadhāna iddhipādabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgavibhaṅgā. Jhānavibhaṅgo dvibhāṇavāramatto, appamaññāvibhaṅgo atirekabhāṇavāramatto. Sikkhāpadavibhaṅgepi suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi; vācanāmaggato panesa atirekabhāṇavāramatto; tathā paṭisambhidāvibhaṅgo. Ñāṇavibhaṅgo dasavidhena vibhatto; vācanāmaggato panesa timattabhāṇavāro. Khuddakavatthuvibhaṅgopi dasavidhena vibhatto; vācanāmaggato panesa timattabhāṇavāro. Dhammahadayavibhaṅgo tividhena vibhatto; vācanāmaggato panesa atirekadvibhāṇavāramatto. Sabbepi vitthāriyamānā anantā aparimāṇā honti. Evametaṃ vibhaṅgappakaraṇaṃ vācanāmaggato pañcatiṃsamattabhāṇavāraṃ; vitthārato pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ dhātukathāpakaraṇaṃ nāma. Taṃ saṅgaho asaṅgaho, saṅgahitena asaṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena saṅgahitaṃ, saṅgahitena saṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena asaṅgahitaṃ; sampayogo vippayogo, sampayuttena vippayuttaṃ, vippayuttena sampayuttaṃ, sampayuttena sampayuttaṃ, vippayuttena vippayuttaṃ; saṅgahitena sampayuttaṃ vippayuttaṃ; sampayuttena saṅgahitaṃ asaṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena sampayuttaṃ vippayuttaṃ, vippayuttena saṅgahitaṃ asaṅgahitanti cuddasavidhena vibhattaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato atirekachabhāṇavāramattaṃ, vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ puggalapaññatti nāma. Sā ‘‘khandhapaññatti āyatanapaññatti dhātupaññatti saccapaññatti indriyapaññatti puggalapaññattī’’ti chabbidhena vibhattā. Sā vācanāmaggato atirekapañcabhāṇavārā; vitthāriyamānā pana anantā aparimāṇāva hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ nāma. Taṃ sakavāde pañca suttasatāni paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ samodhānetvā vibhattaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato idāni potthake likhitaṃ aggahetvā saṅgītiāropitanayena dīghanikāyappamāṇaṃ, vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ yamakaṃ nāma. Taṃ mūlayamakaṃ khandhayamakaṃ āyatanayamakaṃ dhātuyamakaṃ saccayamakaṃ saṅkhārayamakaṃ anusayayamakaṃ cittayamakaṃ dhammayamakaṃ indriyayamakanti dasavidhena vibhattaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato vīsabhāṇavārasataṃ, vitthārato pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ mahāpakaraṇaṃ nāma. Paṭṭhānantipi tasseva nāmaṃ. Taṃ hetupaccayo ārammaṇapaccayo adhipatipaccayo anantarapaccayo samanantarapaccayo sahajātapaccayo aññamaññapaccayo nissayapaccayo upanissayapaccayo purejātapaccayo pacchājātapaccayo āsevanapaccayo kammapaccayo vipākapaccayo āhārapaccayo indriyapaccayo jhānapaccayo maggapaccayo sampayuttapaccayo vippayuttapaccayo atthipaccayo natthipaccayo vigatapaccayo avigatapaccayoti. Paccayavasena tāva catuvīsatividhena vibhattaṃ.

Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne paṭṭhānaṃ samānetabbaṃ. Kusalattikādayo hi dvāvīsati tikā, nāma hetū dhammā nahetū dhammā…pe… saraṇā dhammā araṇā dhammāti ime sataṃ dukā. Aparepi vijjābhāgino dhammā avijjābhāgino dhammā…pe… khaye ñāṇaṃ, anuppāde ñāṇanti dvācattālīsa suttantikadukā nāma. Tesu dvāvīsati tikā sataṃ dukāti ayaṃ āhaccabhāsitā jinavacanabhūtā sabbaññubuddhena desitā sattannaṃ pakaraṇānaṃ mātikā nāma.

Athāpare dvācattālīsa suttantikadukā kutopabhavā kena ṭhapitā kena desitāti? Dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherappabhavā, tena ṭhapitā, tena desitāti. Ime ṭhapento pana thero na sāmukkaṃsikena attano ñāṇena ṭhapesi. Ekuttariyaṃ pana ekanipātadukanipātasaṅgīti dasuttarasuttantehi samodhānetvā ābhidhammikattherānaṃ suttantaṃ patvā akilamatthaṃ ṭhapitā. Te panete ekasmiṃ nikkhepakaṇḍeyeva matthakaṃ pāpetvā vibhattā. Sesaṭṭhānesu yāva saraṇadukā abhidhammo vibhatto.

Sammāsambuddhena hi anulomapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsati tike nissāya tikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma niddiṭṭhaṃ. Sataṃ duke nissāya dukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tato paraṃ dvāvīsati tike gahetvā dukasate pakkhipitvā dukatikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Tato paraṃ dukasataṃ gahetvā dvāvīsatiyā tikesu pakkhipitvā tikadukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Tike pana tikesuyeva pakkhipitvā tikatikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Duke ca dukesuyeva pakkhipitvā dukadukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Evaṃ –

Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,

Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;

Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,

Cha anulomamhi nayā sugambhīrāti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.39);

Paccanīyapaṭṭhānepi dvāvīsatitike nissāya tikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Dukasataṃ nissāya dukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Dvāvīsatitike dukasate pakkhipitvā dukatikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Dukasataṃ dvāvīsatiyā tikesu pakkhipitvā tikadukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Tike tikesuyeva pakkhipitvā tikatikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Duke dukesuyeva pakkhipitvā dukadukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāmāti paccanīyepi chahi nayehi paṭṭhānaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ –

Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,

Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;

Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,

Cha paccanīyamhi nayā sugambhīrāti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.44);

Tato paraṃ anulomapaccanīyepi eteneva upāyena cha nayā dassitā. Tenāha –

Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,

Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;

Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,

Cha anulomapaccanīyamhi nayā sugambhīrāti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.48);

Tadanantaraṃ paccanīyānulomepi eteheva chahi nayehi niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tenāha –

Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,

Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;

Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,

Cha paccanīyānulomamhi nayā sugambhīrāti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.52);

Evaṃ anulome cha paṭṭhānāni, paṭilome cha, anulomapaccanīye cha, paccanīyānulome cha paṭṭhānānīti idaṃ catuvīsatisamantapaṭṭhānasamodhānaṃ paṭṭhānaṃ mahāpakaraṇaṃ nāma.

Idāni imassa abhidhammassa gambhīrabhāvavijānanatthaṃ cattāro sāgarā veditabbā – saṃsārasāgaro, jalasāgaro, nayasāgaro, ñāṇasāgaroti. Tattha saṃsārasāgaro nāma –

Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;

Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatīti.

Evaṃ vuttaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ. Svāyaṃ yasmā imesaṃ sattānaṃ uppattiyā purimā koṭi na paññāyati ettakānañhi vassasatānaṃ vā vassasahassānaṃ vā vassasatasahassānaṃ vā, kappasatānaṃ vā kappasahassānaṃ vā kappasatasahassānaṃ vā matthake sattā uppannā, tato pubbe nāhesunti vā, asukassa nāma rañño kāle uppannā, asukassa buddhassa kāle uppannā tato pubbe nāhesunti vā, ayaṃ paricchedo natthi; ‘‘purimā, bhikkhave, koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya, ito pubbe avijjā nāhosi atha pacchā samabhavī’’ti (a. ni. 10.61) iminā pana nayena saṃsārasāgaro anamataggova.

Mahāsamuddo pana jalasāgaro nāmāti veditabbo. So caturāsītiyojanasahassagambhīro. Tattha udakassa āḷhakasatehi vā āḷhakasahassehi vā āḷhakasatasahassehi vā pamāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāudakakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Ayaṃ jalasāgaro nāma.

Katamo nayasāgaro? Tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ. Dvepi hi tantiyo paccavekkhantānaṃ saddhāsampannānaṃ pasādabahulānaṃ ñāṇuttarānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ anantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati. Katamā dve? Vinayañca abhidhammañca. Vinayadharabhikkhūnañhi vinayatantiṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ dosānurūpaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ nāma – imasmiṃ dose imasmiṃ vītikkame idaṃ nāma hotīti sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ – aññesaṃ avisayo, buddhānameva visayoti. Uttarimanussadhammapeyyālaṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ nīlapeyyālaṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ sañcarittapeyyālaṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ anantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati. Ābhidhammikabhikkhūnampi khandhantaraṃ āyatanantaraṃ dhātvantaraṃ indriyantaraṃ balabojjhaṅgakammavipākantaraṃ rūpārūpaparicchedaṃ saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ gaganatale tārakarūpāni gaṇhanto viya rūpārūpadhamme pabbaṃ pabbaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ katvā vibhajanto dassesi vata no satthāti abhidhammatantiṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ anantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati.

Evaṃ uppattiyā panassa idaṃ vatthupi veditabbaṃ – mahāgatigamiyatissadattatthero kira nāma mahābodhiṃ vandissāmīti paratīraṃ gacchanto nāvāya uparitale nisinno mahāsamuddaṃ olokesi. Athassa tasmiṃ samaye neva paratīraṃ paññāyittha, na orimatīraṃ, ūmivegappabhedasamuggatajalacuṇṇaparikiṇṇo pana pasāritarajatapaṭṭasumanapupphasantharasadiso mahāsamuddova paññāyittha. So kiṃ nu kho mahāsamuddassa ūmivego balavā udāhu catuvīsatippabhede samantapaṭṭhāne nayamukhaṃ balavanti cintesi. Athassa mahāsamudde paricchedo paññāyati – ayañhi heṭṭhā mahāpathaviyā paricchinno, upari ākāsena, ekato cakkavāḷapabbatena, ekato velantena paricchinno; samantapaṭṭhānassa pana paricchedo na paññāyatīti saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ paccavekkhantassa balavapīti uppannā. So pītiṃ vikkhambhetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā yathānisinnova sabbakilese khepetvā aggaphale arahatte patiṭṭhāya udānaṃ udānesi –

Attheva gambhīragataṃ sudubbudhaṃ,

Sayaṃ abhiññāya sahetusambhavaṃ;

Yathānupubbaṃ nikhilena desitaṃ,

Mahesinā rūpagataṃva passatīti.

Ayaṃ nayasāgaro nāma.

Katamo ñāṇasāgaro? Sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ñāṇasāgaro nāma. Ayaṃ saṃsārasāgaro nāma, ayaṃ jalasāgaro nāma, ayaṃ nayasāgaro nāmāti hi aññena na sakkā jānituṃ, sabbaññutaññāṇeneva sakkā jānitunti sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ñāṇasāgaro nāma. Imesu catūsu sāgaresu imasmiṃ ṭhāne nayasāgaro adhippeto. Imañhi sabbaññubuddhāva paṭivijjhanti.

Ayampi bhagavā bodhimūle nisinno ‘imaṃ paṭivijjhitvā imaṃ vata me dhammaṃ esantassa gavesantassa kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni vītivattāni, atha me imasmiṃ pallaṅke nisinnena diyaḍḍhakilesasahassaṃ khepetvā ayaṃ dhammo paṭividdho’ti paṭividdhadhammaṃ paccavekkhanto sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi. Tato tamhā pallaṅkā vuṭṭhāya ‘imasmiṃ vata me pallaṅke sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭividdha’nti animisehi cakkhūhi sattāhaṃ pallaṅkaṃ olokento aṭṭhāsi. Tato devatānaṃ ‘ajjāpi nūna siddhatthassa kattabbakiccaṃ atthi, pallaṅkasmiñhi ālayaṃ na vijahatī’ti parivitakko udapādi.

Satthā devatānaṃ vitakkaṃ ñatvā tāvadeva tāsaṃ vitakkavūpasamanatthaṃ vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Mahābodhipallaṅkasmiñhi katapāṭihāriyañca, ñātisamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca, pāṭiyaputtasamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca, sabbaṃ kaṇḍambarukkhamūle katayamakapāṭihāriyasadisameva ahosi. Evaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā pallaṅkassa ṭhitaṭṭhānassa ca antare ākāsato oruyha sattāhaṃ caṅkami. Imesu ca ekavīsatiyā divasesu ekadivasepi satthu sarīrato rasmiyo na nikkhantā.

Catutthe pana sattāhe pacchimuttarāya disāya ratanaghare nisīdi – ratanagharaṃ nāma neva sattaratanamayaṃ gehaṃ. Sattannaṃ pana pakaraṇānaṃ sammasitaṭṭhānaṃ ratanagharanti veditabbaṃ – tattha dhammasaṅgaṇiṃ sammasantassāpi sarīrato rasmiyo na nikkhantā. Vibhaṅgappakaraṇaṃ dhātukathaṃ puggalapaññattiṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ yamakappakaraṇaṃ sammasantassāpi sarīrato rasmiyo na nikkhantā. Yadā pana mahāpakaraṇaṃ oruyha ‘‘hetupaccayo ārammaṇapaccayo…pe… avigatapaccayo’’ti sammasanaṃ ārabhi, athassa catuvīsatisamantapaṭṭhānaṃ sammasantassa ekantato sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ mahāpakaraṇeyeva okāsaṃ labhi. Yathā hi timirapiṅgalamahāmaccho caturāsītiyojanasahassagambhīre mahāsamuddeyeva okāsaṃ labhati, evameva sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ekantato mahāpakaraṇeyeva okāsaṃ labhi.

Satthu evaṃ laddhokāsena sabbaññutaññāṇena yathāsukhaṃ saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ sammasantassa sarīrato nīlapītalohitodātamañjiṭṭhapabhassaravasena chabbaṇṇarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu. Kesamassūhi ceva akkhīnañca nīlaṭṭhānehi nīlarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu, yāsaṃ vasena gaganatalaṃ añjanacuṇṇasamokiṇṇaṃ viya umāpupphanīluppaladalasañchannaṃ viya vītipatantamaṇitālavaṇṭaṃ viya sampasāritamecakapaṭaṃ viya ca ahosi.

Chavito ceva akkhīnañca pītaṭṭhānehi pītarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu; yāsaṃ vasena disābhāgā suvaṇṇarasadhārābhisiñcamānā viya suvaṇṇapaṭapasāritā viya kuṅkumacuṇṇakaṇikārapupphasamparikiṇṇā viya ca virociṃsu.

Maṃsalohitehi ceva akkhīnañca rattaṭṭhānehi lohitarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu yāsaṃ vasena disābhāgā cīnapiṭṭhacuṇṇarañjitā viya supakkalākhārasasiñcamānā viya rattakambalaparikkhittā viya jayasumanapāribhaddakabandhujīvakakusumasamparikiṇṇā viya ca virociṃsu.

Aṭṭhīhi ceva dantehi ca akkhīnañca setaṭṭhānehi odātarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu; yāsaṃ vasena disābhāgā rajataghaṭehi āsiñcamānakhīradhārāsamparikiṇṇā viya sampasāritarajatapaṭṭavitānā viya, vītipatantarajatatālavaṇṭā viya, kundakumudasinduvārasumanamallikādikusumasañchannā viya ca virociṃsu.

Mañjiṭṭhapabhassarā pana tamhā tamhā sarīrappadesā nikkhamiṃsu. Iti tā chabbaṇṇarasmiyo nikkhamitvā ghanamahāpathaviṃ gaṇhiṃsu.

Catunahutādhikadviyojanasatasahassabahalā mahāpathavī niddhantasuvaṇṇapiṇḍi viya ahosi. Atha mahāpathaviṃ bhinditvā heṭṭhā udakaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Pathavisandhārakaṃ aṭṭhanahutādhikacatuyojanasatasahassabahalaṃ udakaṃ suvaṇṇakalasehi āsiñcamānavilīnasuvaṇṇaṃ viya ahosi. Udakaṃ vinivijjhitvā vātaṃ aggahesuṃ. Chanahutādhikanavayojanasatasahassabahalo vāto samussitasuvaṇṇakkhandho viya ahosi. Vātaṃ vinivijjhitvā heṭṭhā ajaṭākāsaṃ pakkhandiṃsu.

Uparibhāgena uggantvāpi cātumahārājike gaṇhiṃsu. Te vinivijjhitvā tāvatiṃse tato yāme tato tusite tato nimmānaratī tato paranimmitavasavattī tato nava brahmaloke tato vehapphale tato pañca suddhāvāse vinivijjhitvā cattāro āruppe gaṇhiṃsu. Cattāro ca āruppe vinivijjhitvā ajaṭākāsaṃ pakkhandiṃsu.

Tiriyabhāgehi anantā lokadhātuyo pakkhandiṃsu. Ettakesu ṭhānesu candamhi candappabhā natthi, sūriye sūriyappabhā natthi, tārakarūpesu tārakarūpappabhā natthi, devatānaṃ uyyānavimānakapparukkhesu ceva sarīresu ca ābharaṇesu cāti sabbattha pabhā natthi. Tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuyā ālokapharaṇasamattho mahābrahmāpi sūriyuggamane khajjopanako viya ahosi. Candasūriyatārakarūpadevatuyyānavimānakapparukkhānaṃ paricchedamattakameva paññāyittha. Ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ buddharasmīhiyeva ajjhotthaṭaṃ ahosi. Ayañca neva buddhānaṃ adhiṭṭhāniddhi, na bhāvanāmayiddhi. Saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ pana sammasato lokanāthassa lohitaṃ pasīdi, vatthurūpaṃ pasīdi, chavivaṇṇo pasīdi. Cittasamuṭṭhānā vaṇṇadhātu samantā asītihatthamatte padese niccalāva aṭṭhāsi. Iminā nīhārena sattāhaṃ sammasi.

Satta rattindivāni sammasitadhammo kittako ahosīti? Ananto aparimāṇo ahosi. Ayaṃ tāva manasādesanā nāma. Satthā pana evaṃ sattāhaṃ manasā cintitadhammaṃ vacībhedaṃ katvā desento vassasatenapi vassasahassenapi vassasatasahassenapi matthakaṃ pāpetvā desetuṃ na sakkotīti na vattabbaṃ. Aparabhāgepi hi tathāgato tāvatiṃsabhavane pāricchattakamūle paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatānaṃ majjhe nisinno mātaraṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā kusalā dhammā, akusalā dhammā, abyākatā dhammāti dhammaṃ desento satabhāgena sahassabhāgena satasahassabhāgena dhammantarā dhammantaraṃ saṅkamitvā saṅkamitvāva desesi. Tayo māse nirantaraṃ pavattitadesanā vegena pavattā ākāsagaṅgā viya adhomukhaṭhapitaudakaghaṭā nikkhantaudakadhārā viya ca hutvā anantā aparimāṇā ahosi.

Buddhānañhi bhattānumodanakālepi thokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā anumodentānaṃ desanā dīghamajjhimanikāyappamāṇā hoti. Pacchābhattaṃ pana sampattaparisāya dhammaṃ desentānaṃ desanā saṃyuttaaṅguttarikadvemahānikāyappamāṇāva hoti. Kasmā? Buddhānañhi bhavaṅgaparivāso lahuko dantāvaraṇaṃ suphusitaṃ mukhādānaṃ siliṭṭhaṃ jivhā mudukā saro madhuro vacanaṃ lahuparivattaṃ. Tasmā taṃ muhuttaṃ desitadhammopi ettako hoti. Temāsaṃ desitadhammo pana ananto aparimāṇoyeva.

Ānandatthero hi bahussuto tipiṭakadharo pañcadasa gāthāsahassāni saṭṭhi padasahassāni latāpupphāni ākaḍḍhanto viya ṭhitapadeneva ṭhatvā gaṇhāti vā vāceti vā deseti vā. Ettako therassa eko uddesamaggo nāma hoti. Therassa hi anupadaṃ uddesaṃ dadamāno añño dātuṃ na sakkoti, na sampāpuṇāti. Sammāsambuddhova sampāpuṇeyya. Evaṃ adhimattasatimā adhimattagatimā adhimattadhitimā sāvako satthārā temāsaṃ iminā nīhārena desitadesanaṃ vassasataṃ vassasahassaṃ uggaṇhantopi matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ na sakkoti.

Evaṃ temāsaṃ nirantaraṃ desentassa pana tathāgatassa kabaḷīkārāhārappaṭibaddhaṃ upādinnakasarīraṃ kathaṃ yāpesīti? Paṭijagganeneva. Buddhānañhi so so kālo suvavatthito suparicchinno supaccakkho. Tasmā bhagavā dhammaṃ desentova manussaloke kālaṃ oloketi. So bhikkhācāravelaṃ sallakkhetvā nimmitabuddhaṃ māpetvā ‘imassa cīvaraggahaṇaṃ pattaggahaṇaṃ sarakutti ākappo ca evarūpo nāma hotu, ettakaṃ nāma dhammaṃ desetū’ti adhiṭṭhāya pattacīvaramādāya anotattadahaṃ gacchati. Devatā nāgalatādantakaṭṭhaṃ denti. Taṃ khāditvā anotattadahe sarīraṃ paṭijaggitvā manosilātale ṭhito surattadupaṭṭaṃ nivāsetvā cīvaraṃ pārupitvā cātumahārājadattiyaṃ selamayaṃ pattaṃ ādāya uttarakuruṃ gacchati. Tato piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā anotattadahatīre nisinno taṃ paribhuñjitvā divāvihārāya candanavanaṃ gacchati.

Dhammasenāpatisāriputtattheropi tattha gantvā sammāsambuddhassa vattaṃ katvā ekamantaṃ nisīdati. Athassa satthā nayaṃ deti. ‘Sāriputta, ettako dhammo mayā desito’ti ācikkhati. Evaṃ sammāsambuddhe nayaṃ dente paṭisambhidāppattassa aggasāvakassa velante ṭhatvā hatthaṃ pasāretvā dassitasamuddasadisaṃ nayadānaṃ hoti. Therassāpi nayasatena nayasahassena nayasatasahassena bhagavatā desitadhammo upaṭṭhātiyeva.

Satthā divāvihāraṃ nisīditvā dhammaṃ desetuṃ kāya velāya gacchatīti? Sāvatthivāsīnaṃ kulaputtānaṃ sampattānaṃ dhammadesanavelā nāma atthi, tāya velāya gacchati. Dhammaṃ desetvā gacchantaṃ vā āgacchantaṃ vā ke jānanti ke na jānantīti? Mahesakkhā devatā jānanti, appesakkhā devatā na jānanti. Kasmā na jānantīti? Sammāsambuddhassa vā nimmitabuddhassa vā rasmiādīsu nānattābhāvā. Ubhinnampi hi tesaṃ rasmīsu vā saresu vā vacanesu vā nānattaṃ natthi.

Sāriputtattheropi satthārā desitaṃ desitaṃ dhammaṃ āharitvā attano saddhivihārikānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ desesi. Tesaṃ ayaṃ pubbayogo – te kira kassapadasabalassa kāle khuddakavagguliyoniyaṃ nibbattā pabbhāre olambantā dvinnaṃ ābhidhammikabhikkhūnaṃ abhidhammaṃ sajjhāyantānaṃ sare nimittaṃ gahetvā kaṇhapakkhasukkapakkhe ajānitvāpi sare nimittaggāhamattakeneva kālaṃ katvā devaloke nibbattiṃsu. Ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devaloke vasitvā tasmiṃ kāle manussaloke nibbattā yamakapāṭihāriye pasīditvā therassa santike pabbajiṃsu. Thero satthārā desitaṃ desitaṃ dhammaṃ āharitvā tesaṃ desesi. Sammāsambuddhassa abhidhammadesanāpariyosānañca tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sattappakaraṇauggahaṇañca ekappahāreneva ahosi.

Abhidhamme vācanāmaggo nāma sāriputtattherappabhavo. Mahāpakaraṇe gaṇanacāropi thereneva ṭhapito. Thero hi iminā nīhārena dhammantaraṃ amakkhetvāva sukhaṃ gahetuṃ dhāretuṃ pariyāpuṇituṃ vācetuñca pahotīti gaṇanacāraṃ ṭhapesi. Evaṃ sante therova paṭhamataraṃ ābhidhammiko hotīti? Na hoti. Sammāsambuddhova paṭhamataraṃ ābhidhammiko. So hi naṃ mahābodhipallaṅke nisīditvā paṭivijjhi. Buddho hutvā ca pana sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno udānaṃ udānesi –

‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,

Yato pajānāti sahetudhammaṃ.

‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,

Yato khayaṃ paccayānaṃ avedi.

‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Vidhūpayaṃ tiṭṭhati mārasenaṃ,

Sūriyova obhāsayamantalikkha’’nti. (mahāva. 1-3; udā. 1-3);

Idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ nāma. Dhammapadabhāṇakā pana –

‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;

Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.

‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;

Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;

Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti. (dha. pa. 153-154);

Idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ nāmāti vadanti.

Yamakasālānamantare nipannena parinibbānasamaye ‘‘handa dāni, bhikkhave, āmantayāmi vo, vayadhammā saṅkhārā, appamādena sampādethā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.218) vuttavacanaṃ pacchimabuddhavacanaṃ nāma.

Ubhinnamantare pañcacattālīsa vassāni pupphadāmaṃ ganthentena viya, ratanāvaliṃ āvunantena viya, ca kathito amatappakāsano saddhammo majjhimabuddhavacanaṃ nāma.

Taṃ sabbampi saṅgayhamānaṃ piṭakato tīṇi piṭakāni honti, nikāyato pañca nikāyā, aṅgato navaṅgāni, dhammakkhandhato caturāsītidhammakkhandhasahassāni. Kathaṃ? Sabbampi hetaṃ piṭakato vinayapiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakanti tippabhedameva hoti. Tattha ubhayāni pātimokkhāni dve vibhaṅgā dvāvīsati khandhakā soḷasa parivārāti idaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ nāma. Brahmajālādicatuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho dīghanikāyo. Mūlapariyāyasuttādidiyaḍḍhasatadvesuttasaṅgaho majjhimanikāyo. Oghataraṇasuttādisattasuttasahassasattasatadvāsaṭṭhisuttasaṅgaho saṃyuttanikāyo. Cittapariyādānasuttādinavasuttasahassapañcasatasattapaññāsasuttasaṅgaho aṅguttaranikāyo. Khuddakapāṭhadhammapadaudānaitivuttakasuttanipātavimānavatthupetavatthutheragāthātherīgāthājātakaniddesapaṭisambhidāapadānabuddhavaṃsacariyāpiṭakavasena pannarasappabhedo khuddakanikāyoti idaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ nāma. Dhammasaṅgaṇīādīni satta pakaraṇāni abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāma. Tattha –

Vividhavisesanayattā, vinayanato ceva kāyavācānaṃ;

Vinayatthavidūhi ayaṃ, vinayo vinayoti akkhāto.

Vividhā hi ettha pañcavidhapātimokkhuddesapārājikādisattaāpattikkhandhamātikāvibhaṅgādippabhedā nayā visesabhūtā ca daḷhīkammasithilakaraṇappayojanā anupaññattinayā. Kāyikavācasikaajjhācāranisedhanato cesa kāyaṃ vācañca vineti. Tasmā vividhanayattā visesanayattā kāyavācānañca vinayanato ayaṃ vinayo vinayoti akkhāto. Tenetametassa vacanatthakosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘Vividhavisesanayattā, vinayanato ceva kāyavācānaṃ;

Vinayatthavidūhi ayaṃ, vinayo vinayoti akkhāto’’ti.

Itaraṃ pana –

Atthānaṃ sūcanato, suvuttato savanatotha sūdanato;

Suttāṇā suttasabhāgato ca ‘sutta’nti akkhātaṃ.

Tañhi attatthaparatthādibhede atthe sūceti. Suvuttā cettha atthā veneyyajjhāsayānulomena vuttattā. Savati cetaṃ atthe, sassamiva phalaṃ, pasavatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sūdati cetaṃ, dhenu viya khīraṃ, paggharatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Suṭṭhu ca ne tāyati rakkhatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Suttasabhāgañcetaṃ. Yathā hi tacchakānaṃ suttaṃ pamāṇaṃ hoti evametampi viññūnaṃ. Yathā ca suttena saṅgahitāni pupphāni na vikiriyanti na viddhaṃsiyanti evametena saṅgahitā atthā. Tenetametassa vacanatthakosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘Atthānaṃ sūcanato, suvuttato savanatotha sūdanato;

Suttāṇā suttasabhāgato ca suttanti akkhāta’’nti.

Abhidhammassa vacanattho vuttoyeva. Aparo nayo –

Yaṃ ettha vuḍḍhimanto, salakkhaṇā pūjitā paricchinnā;

Vuttādhikā ca dhammā, abhidhammo tena akkhāto.

Ayañhi abhisaddo vuḍḍhilakkhaṇapūjitaparicchinnādhikesu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.384; saṃ. ni. 5.195) vuḍḍhiyaṃ āgato. ‘‘Yā tā rattiyo abhiññātā abhilakkhitā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.49) lakkhaṇe. ‘‘Rājābhirājā manujindo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.399; su. ni. 558) pūjite. ‘‘Paṭibalo vinetuṃ abhidhamme abhivinaye’’tiādīsu (mahāva. 85) paricchinne; aññamaññasaṅkaravirahite dhamme ca vinaye cāti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Abhikkantena vaṇṇenā’’tiādīsu (vi. va. 75) adhike.

Ettha ca ‘‘rūpūpapattiyā maggaṃ bhāveti mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 163 ādayo) nayena vuḍḍhimantopi dhammā vuttā. ‘‘Rūpārammaṇaṃ vā saddārammaṇaṃ vā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 1) nayena ārammaṇādīhi lakkhaṇīyattā salakkhaṇāpi. ‘‘Sekkhā dhammā, asekkhā dhammā, lokuttarā dhammā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. tikamātikā 11; dukamātikā 12) nayena pūjitāpi; pūjārahāti adhippāyo. ‘‘Phasso hoti, vedanā hotī’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 1) nayena sabhāvaparicchinnattā paricchinnāpi. ‘‘Mahaggatā dhammā, appamāṇā dhammā, anuttarā dhammā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. tikamātikā 12; dukamātikā 99) nayena adhikāpi dhammā vuttā. Tenetametassa vacanatthakosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘Yaṃ ettha vuḍḍhimanto, salakkhaṇā pūjitā paricchinnā;

Vuttādhikā ca dhammā, abhidhammo tena akkhāto’’ti.

Yaṃ panettha avisiṭṭhaṃ, taṃ –

Piṭakaṃ piṭakatthavidū, pariyattibbhājanatthato āhu;

Tena samodhānetvā, tayopi vinayādayo ñeyyā.

Pariyattipi hi ‘‘mā piṭakasampadānenā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) piṭakanti vuccati. ‘‘Atha puriso āgaccheyya kudālapiṭakaṃādāyā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.228; a. ni. 3.70) yaṃkiñci bhājanampi. Tasmā piṭakaṃ piṭakatthavidū pariyattibhājanatthato āhu.

Idāni tena samodhānetvā tayopi vinayādayo ñeyyāti. Tena evaṃ duvidhatthena piṭakasaddena saha samāsaṃ katvā vinayo ca so piṭakañca pariyattibhāvato, tassa tassa atthassa bhājanato cāti vinayapiṭakaṃ. Yathāvutteneva nayena suttantañca taṃ piṭakañcāti suttantapiṭakaṃ. Abhidhammo ca so piṭakañcāti abhidhammapiṭakanti evamete tayopi vinayādayo ñeyyā.

Evaṃ ñatvā ca punapi tesveva piṭakesu nānappakārakosallatthaṃ –

Desanāsāsanakathābhedaṃ tesu yathārahaṃ;

Sikkhāpahānagambhīrabhāvañca paridīpaye.

Pariyattibhedaṃ sampattiṃ, vipattiñcāpi yaṃ yahiṃ;

Pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu, tampi sabbaṃ vibhāvaye.

Tatrāyaṃ paridīpanā vibhāvanā ca – etāni hi tīṇi piṭakāni yathākkamaṃ āṇāvohāraparamatthadesanā, yathāparādhayathānulomayathādhammasāsanāni, saṃvarāsaṃvaradiṭṭhiviniveṭhananāmarūpaparicchedakathāti ca vuccanti.

Ettha hi vinayapiṭakaṃ āṇārahena bhagavatā āṇābāhullato desitattā āṇādesanā; suttantapiṭakaṃ vohārakusalena bhagavatā vohārabāhullato desitattā vohāradesanā; abhidhammapiṭakaṃ paramatthakusalena bhagavatā paramatthabāhullato desitattā paramatthadesanāti vuccati.

Tathā paṭhamaṃ ye te pacurāparādhā sattā te yathāparādhaṃ ettha sāsitāti yathāparādhasāsanaṃ; dutiyaṃ anekajjhāsayānusayacariyādhimuttikā sattā yathānulomaṃ ettha sāsitāti yathānulomasāsanaṃ; tatiyaṃ dhammapuñjamatte ‘ahaṃ mamā’ti saññino sattā yathādhammaṃ ettha sāsitāti yathādhammasāsananti vuccati.

Tathā paṭhamaṃ ajjhācārapaṭipakkhabhūto saṃvarāsaṃvaro ettha kathitoti saṃvarāsaṃvarakathā; saṃvarāsaṃvaroti khuddako ceva mahanto ca saṃvarāsaṃvaro, kammākammaṃ viya ca phalāphalaṃ viya ca; dutiyaṃ dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhipaṭipakkhabhūtā diṭṭhiviniveṭhanā ettha kathitāti diṭṭhiviniveṭhanakathā; tatiyaṃ rāgādipaṭipakkhabhūto nāmarūpaparicchedo ettha kathitoti nāmarūpaparicchedakathāti vuccati.

Tīsupi cetesu tisso sikkhā tīṇi pahānāni catubbidho ca gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo. Tathā hi vinayapiṭake visesena adhisīlasikkhā vuttā, suttantapiṭake adhicittasikkhā, abhidhammapiṭake adhipaññāsikkhā.

Vinayapiṭake ca vītikkamappahānaṃ, kilesānaṃ vītikkamapaṭipakkhattā sīlassa; suttantapiṭake pariyuṭṭhānappahānaṃ, pariyuṭṭhānapaṭipakkhattā samādhissa; abhidhammapiṭake anusayappahānaṃ, anusayapaṭipakkhattā paññāya.

Paṭhame ca tadaṅgappahānaṃ kilesānaṃ, itaresu vikkhambhanasamucchedappahānāni. Paṭhame ca duccaritasaṃkilesassa pahānaṃ, itaresu taṇhādiṭṭhisaṃkilesānaṃ pahānaṃ.

Ekamekasmiñcettha catubbidhopi dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīrabhāvo veditabbo – tattha dhammoti tanti. Atthoti tassāyevattho. Desanāti tassā manasā vavatthāpitāya tantiyā desanā. Paṭivedhoti tantiyā tantiatthassa ca yathābhūtāvabodho. Tīsupi cetesu ete dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhā. Yasmā sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo mandabuddhīhi dukkhogāhā alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhā ca tasmā gambhīrā. Evaṃ ekamekasmiṃ ettha catubbidhopi gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo.

Aparo nayo – dhammoti hetu. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 720). Atthoti hetuphalaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 720). Desanāti paññatti, yathādhammaṃ dhammābhilāpoti adhippāyo; anulomapaṭilomasaṅkhepavitthārādivasena vā kathanaṃ. Paṭivedhoti abhisamayo. So ca lokiyalokuttaro. Visayato ca asammohato ca; atthānurūpaṃ dhammesu, dhammānurūpaṃ atthesu, paññattipathānurūpaṃ paññattīsu avabodho. Tesaṃ tesaṃ vā tattha tattha vuttadhammānaṃ paṭivijjhitabbo salakkhaṇasaṅkhāto aviparītasabhāvo.

Idāni yasmā etesu piṭakesu yaṃ yaṃ dhammajātaṃ vā atthajātaṃ vā yā cāyaṃ yathā yathā ñāpetabbo attho sotūnaṃ ñāṇassa abhimukho hoti tathā tathā tadatthajotikā desanā, yo cettha aviparītāvabodhasaṅkhāto paṭivedho tesaṃ tesaṃ vā dhammānaṃ paṭivijjhitabbo salakkhaṇasaṅkhāto aviparītasabhāvo – sabbampetaṃ anupacitakusalasambhārehi duppaññehi, sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo, dukkhogāhaṃ alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhañca, tasmā gambhīraṃ. Evampi ekamekasmiṃ ettha catubbidhopi gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo. Ettāvatā ca –

Desanāsāsanakathābhedaṃ tesu yathārahaṃ;

Sikkhāpahānagambhīrabhāvañca paridīpayeti –

Ayaṃ gāthā vuttatthā hoti.

Pariyattibhedaṃ sampattiṃ, vipattiñcāpi yaṃ yahiṃ;

Pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu, tampi sabbaṃ vibhāvayeti.

Ettha pana tīsu piṭakesu tividho pariyattibhedo daṭṭhabbo. Tisso hi pariyattiyo – alagaddūpamā nissaraṇatthā bhaṇḍāgārikapariyattīti.

Tattha yā duggahitā upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṭā ayaṃ alagaddūpamā. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso alagaddatthiko alagaddagavesī alagaddapariyesanaṃ caramāno, so passeyya mahantaṃ alagaddaṃ, tamenaṃ bhoge vā naṅguṭṭhe vā gaṇheyya, tassa so alagaddo paṭiparivattitvā hatthe vā bāhāya vā aññatarasmiṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅge ḍaṃseyya, so tato nidānaṃ maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Duggahitattā, bhikkhave, alagaddassa. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, idhekacce moghapurisā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti suttaṃ…pe… vedallaṃ, te taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā tesaṃ dhammānaṃ paññāya atthaṃ na upaparikkhanti, tesaṃ te dhammā paññāya atthaṃ anupaparikkhataṃ na nijjhānaṃ khamanti, te upārambhānisaṃsā ceva dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti itivādappamokkhānisaṃsā ca. Yassa catthāya dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti tañcassa atthaṃ nānubhonti. Tesaṃ te dhammā duggahitā dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Duggahitattā, bhikkhave, dhammāna’’nti (ma. ni. 1.238).

Yā pana suggahitā sīlakkhandhādipāripūriṃyeva ākaṅkhamānena pariyāpuṭā na upārambhādihetu, ayaṃ nissaraṇatthā. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘tesaṃ te dhammā suggahitā dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Suggahitattā, bhikkhave, dhammāna’’nti (ma. ni. 1.239).

Yaṃ pana pariññātakkhandho pahīnakileso bhāvitamaggo paṭividdhākuppo sacchikatanirodho khīṇāsavo kevalaṃ paveṇipālanatthāya vaṃsānurakkhaṇatthāya pariyāpuṇāti, ayaṃ bhaṇḍāgārikapariyattīti.

Vinaye pana suppaṭipanno bhikkhu sīlasampadaṃ nissāya tisso vijjā pāpuṇāti, tāsaṃyeva ca tattha pabhedavacanato. Sutte suppaṭipanno samādhisampadaṃ nissāya chaḷabhiññā pāpuṇāti, tāsaṃyeva ca tattha pabhedavacanato. Abhidhamme suppaṭipanno paññāsampadaṃ nissāya catasso paṭisambhidā pāpuṇāti tāsañca tattheva pabhedavacanato. Evametesu suppaṭipanno yathākkamena imaṃ vijjāttayachaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidāppabhedaṃ sampattiṃ pāpuṇāti.

Vinaye pana duppaṭipanno anuññātasukhasamphassaattharaṇapāvuraṇādiphassasāmaññato paṭikkhittesu upādinnakaphassādīsu anavajjasaññī hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti (pāci. 417; ma. ni. 1.234). Tato dussīlabhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti. Sutte duppaṭipanno ‘‘cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 4.5) adhippāyaṃ ajānanto duggahitaṃ gaṇhāti. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhati attānañca khanati bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavatī’’ti (pāci. 417; ma. ni. 1.236). Tato micchādiṭṭhitaṃ pāpuṇāti. Abhidhamme duppaṭipanno dhammacintaṃ atidhāvanto acinteyyānipi cinteti, tato cittakkhepaṃ pāpuṇāti. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, acinteyyāni, na cintetabbāni, yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti (a. ni. 4.77). Evametesu duppaṭipanno yathākkamena imaṃ dussīlabhāvamicchādiṭṭhitācittakkhepappabhedaṃ vipattiṃ pāpuṇātīti. Ettāvatā ca –

Pariyattibhedaṃ sampattiṃ, vipattiñcāpi yaṃ yahiṃ;

Pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu, tampi sabbaṃ vibhāvayeti.

Ayampi gāthā vuttatthā hoti. Evaṃ nānappakārato piṭakāni ñatvā tesaṃ vasena sabbampetaṃ saṅgayhamānaṃ tīṇi piṭakāni honti.

Kathaṃ nikāyato pañca nikāyāti? Sabbameva hetaṃ dīghanikāyo majjhimanikāyo saṃyuttanikāyo aṅguttaranikāyo khuddakanikāyoti pañcappabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha katamo dīghanikāyo? Tivaggasaṅgahāni brahmajālādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni.

Catuttiṃseva suttantā, tivaggo yassa saṅgaho;

Esa dīghanikāyoti, paṭhamo anulomiko.

Kasmā panesa dīghanikāyoti vuccati? Dīghappamāṇānaṃ suttānaṃ samūhato nivāsato ca. Samūhanivāsā hi nikāyoti vuccanti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekanikāyampi samanupassāmi evaṃ cittaṃ yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā (saṃ. ni. 3.100), poṇikanikāyo, cikkhallikanikāyo’’ti. Evamādīni cettha sādhakāni sāsanato lokato ca. Evaṃ sesānampi nikāyabhāve vacanattho veditabbo.

Katamo majjhimanikāyo? Majjhimappamāṇāni pañcadasavaggasaṅgahāni mūlapariyāyasuttādīni diyaḍḍhasataṃ dve ca suttāni.

Diyaḍḍhasatasuttantā, dve ca suttāni yattha so;

Nikāyo majjhimo pañca, dasavaggapariggaho.

Katamo saṃyuttanikāyo? Devatāsaṃyuttādivasena ṭhitāni oghataraṇādīni satta suttasahassāni satta suttasatāni ca dvāsaṭṭhi ca suttāni.

Satta suttasahassāni, satta suttasatāni ca;

Dvāsaṭṭhi ceva suttantā, eso saṃyuttasaṅgaho.

Katamo aṅguttaranikāyo? Ekekaaṅgātirekavasena ṭhitāni cittapariyādānādīni nava suttasahassāni pañca suttasatāni sattapaññāsañca suttāni.

Nava suttasahassāni, pañca suttasatāni ca;

Sattapaññāsasuttāni, saṅkhyā aṅguttare ayaṃ.

Katamo khuddakanikāyo? Sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ, abhidhammapiṭakaṃ, khuddakapāṭha, dhammapadādayo ca pubbe dassitā pañcadasappabhedā; ṭhapetvā cattāro nikāye avasesaṃ buddhavacananti.

Ṭhapetvā caturopete, nikāye dīghaādike;

Tadaññaṃ buddhavacanaṃ, nikāyo khuddako matoti.

Evaṃ nikāyato pañca nikāyā honti.

Kathaṃ aṅgavasena navaṅgānīti? Sabbameva hidaṃ ‘suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedalla’nti navappabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha ubhatovibhaṅganiddesakhandhakaparivārā suttanipāte maṅgalasuttaratanasuttanālakasuttatuvaṭṭakasuttāni aññampi ca suttanāmakaṃ tathāgatavacanaṃ suttanti veditabbaṃ. Sabbampi sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyanti veditabbaṃ. Visesena saṃyuttanikāye sakalopi sagāthāvaggo. Sakalampi abhidhammapiṭakaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ, yañca aññampi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi asaṅgahitaṃ buddhavacanaṃ, taṃ veyyākaraṇanti veditabbaṃ. Dhammapadaṃ theragāthā therīgāthā suttanipāte nosuttanāmikā suddhikagāthā ca gāthāti veditabbā. Somanassañāṇamayikagāthāppaṭisaṃyuttā dvāsīti suttantā udānanti veditabbaṃ. ‘Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā’tiādinayappavattā (itivu. 1) dasuttarasatasuttantā itivuttakanti veditabbaṃ. Apaṇṇakajātakādīni paññāsādhikāni pañca jātakasatāni jātakanti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, acchariyā abbhutā dhammā ānande’’tiādinayapavattā (dī. ni. 2.209; a. ni. 4.129) sabbepi acchariyaabbhutadhammappaṭisaṃyuttā suttantā abbhutadhammanti veditabbaṃ.

Cūḷavedallamahāvedallasammādiṭṭhisakkapañhasaṅkhārabhājanīyamahāpuṇṇamasuttādayo sabbepi vedañca tuṭṭhiñca laddhā laddhā pucchitasuttantā vedallanti veditabbaṃ. Evametaṃ aṅgato navaṅgāni.

Kathaṃ dhammakkhandhato caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānīti? Sabbameva hidaṃ buddhavacanaṃ.

‘‘Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto;

Caturāsīti sahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino’’ti. (theragā. 1027);

Evaṃ paridīpitadhammakkhandhavasena caturāsītisahassappabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ eko dhammakkhandho. Yaṃ anekānusandhikaṃ tattha anusandhivasena dhammakkhandhagaṇanā. Gāthābandhesu pañhāpucchanaṃ eko dhammakkhandho, vissajjanaṃ eko. Abhidhamme ekamekaṃ tikadukabhājanaṃ ekamekañca cittavārabhājanaṃ eko dhammakkhandho. Vinaye atthi vatthu, atthi mātikā, atthi padabhājanīyaṃ, atthi āpatti, atthi anāpatti, atthi antarāpatti, atthi tikacchedo. Tattha ekameko koṭṭhāso ekameko dhammakkhandhoti veditabbo. Evaṃ dhammakkhandhato caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassāni.

Evametaṃ sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ pañcasatikasaṅgītikāle saṅgāyantena mahākassapappamukhena vasīgaṇena ayaṃ dhammo ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ, idaṃ majjhimabuddhavacanaṃ, idaṃ pacchimabuddhavacanaṃ, idaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ, idaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ, idaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ, ayaṃ dīghanikāyo…pe… ayaṃ khuddakanikāyo, imāni suttādīni navaṅgāni, imāni caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānīti imaṃ pabhedaṃ vavatthapetvāva saṅgītaṃ. Na kevalañca imameva aññampi uddānasaṅgahavaggasaṅgahapeyyālasaṅgahaekanipātadukanipātādinipātasaṅgahasaṃyuttasaṅgaha paṇṇāsasaṅgahādianekavidhaṃ, tīsu piṭakesu sandissamānaṃ saṅgahappabhedaṃ vavatthapetvāva sattahi māsehi saṅgītaṃ.

Saṅgītipariyosāne cassa idaṃ mahākassapattherena dasabalassa sāsanaṃ pañcavassasahassaparimāṇakālaṃ pavattanasamatthaṃ katanti sañjātappamodā sādhukāraṃ viya dadamānā ayaṃ mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā anekappakāraṃ kampi saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi. Anekāni ca acchariyāni pāturahesuṃ.

Evaṃ saṅgīte panettha ayaṃ abhidhammo piṭakato abhidhammapiṭakaṃ, nikāyato khuddakanikāyo, aṅgato veyyākaraṇaṃ, dhammakkhandhato katipayāni dhammakkhandhasahassāni honti.

Taṃ dhārayantesu bhikkhūsu pubbe eko bhikkhu sabbasāmayikaparisāya nisīditvā abhidhammato suttaṃ āharitvā dhammaṃ kathento ‘‘rūpakkhandho abyākato, cattāro khandhā siyā kusalā siyā akusalā siyā abyākatā; dasāyatanā abyākatā, dve āyatanā siyā kusalā siyā akusalā siyā abyākatā; soḷasa dhātuyo abyākatā, dve dhātuyo siyā kusalā siyā akusalā siyā abyākatā; samudayasaccaṃ akusalaṃ, maggasaccaṃ kusalaṃ, nirodhasaccaṃ abyākataṃ, dukkhasaccaṃ siyā kusalaṃ siyā akusalaṃ siyā abyākataṃ; dasindriyā abyākatā, domanassindriyaṃ akusalaṃ, anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ kusalaṃ, cattāri indriyāni siyā kusalā siyā abyākatā, cha indriyāni siyā kusalā siyā akusalā siyā abyākatā’’ti dhammakathaṃ kathesi.

Tasmiṃ ṭhāne eko bhikkhu nisinno ‘dhammakathika tvaṃ sineruṃ parikkhipanto viya dīghasuttaṃ āharasi, kiṃ suttaṃ nāmeta’nti āha. ‘Abhidhammasuttaṃ nāma, āvuso’ti. ‘Abhidhammasuttaṃ kasmā āharasi? Kiṃ aññaṃ buddhabhāsitaṃ suttaṃ āharituṃ na vaṭṭatī’ti? ‘Abhidhammo kena bhāsito’ti? ‘Na eso buddhabhāsito’ti. ‘Kiṃ pana te, āvuso, vinayapiṭakaṃ uggahita’nti? ‘Na uggahitaṃ, āvuso’ti. ‘Avinayadhāritāya maññe tvaṃ ajānanto evaṃ vadesī’ti. ‘Vinayamattameva, āvuso, uggahita’nti. ‘Tampi te duggahitaṃ, parisapariyante nisīditvā niddāyantena uggahitaṃ bhavissati; tumhādise hi pabbājento vā upasampādento vā sātisāro hoti’. ‘Kiṃ kāraṇā’? Vinayamattassapi duggahitattā; vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘tattha anāpatti, na vivaṇṇetukāmo iṅgha tāva, āvuso, suttantaṃ vā gāthāyo vā abhidhammaṃ vā pariyāpuṇassu, pacchāpi vinayaṃ pariyāpuṇissasī’’ti (pāci. 442) bhaṇati. ‘‘Suttante okāsaṃ kārāpetvā abhidhammaṃ vā vinayaṃ vā pucchati, abhidhamme okāsaṃ kārāpetvā suttantaṃ vā vinayaṃ vā pucchati, vinaye okāsaṃ kārāpetvā suttantaṃ vā abhidhammaṃ vā pucchatī’’ti (pāci. 1221). ‘Tvaṃ pana ettakampi na jānāsī’ti ettakenapi paravādī niggahito hoti.

Mahāgosiṅgasuttaṃ pana itopi balavataraṃ. Tatra hi dhammasenāpati sāriputtatthero aññamaññaṃ pucchitapañhañca vissajjanañca ārocetuṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā mahāmoggallānattherassa vissajjanaṃ ārocento ‘‘idhāvuso sāriputta, dve bhikkhū abhidhammakathaṃ kathenti, te aññamaññaṃ pañhaṃ pucchanti, aññamaññassa pañhaṃ puṭṭhā vissajjenti, no ca saṃsādenti, dhammī ca nesaṃ kathāpavattinī hoti, evarūpena kho, āvuso, sāriputta, bhikkhunā gosiṅgasālavanaṃ sobheyyā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.343) āha. Satthā ābhidhammikā nāma mama sāsane paribāhirāti avatvā suvaṇṇāliṅgasadisaṃ gīvaṃ unnāmetvā puṇṇacandasassirīkaṃ mahāmukhaṃ pūretvā brahmaghosaṃ nicchārento ‘‘sādhu sādhu sāriputtā’’ti mahāmoggallānattherassa sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘yathā taṃ moggallāno ca sammā byākaramāno byākareyya, moggallāno hi sāriputta dhammakathiko’’ti (ma. ni. 1.343) āha. Ābhidhammikabhikkhūyeva kira dhammakathikā nāma, avasesā dhammakathaṃ kathentāpi na dhammakathikā. Kasmā? Te hi dhammakathaṃ kathentā kammantaraṃ vipākantaraṃ rūpārūpaparicchedaṃ dhammantaraṃ āloḷetvā kathenti. Ābhidhammikā pana dhammantaraṃ na āloḷenti. Tasmā ābhidhammiko bhikkhu dhammaṃ kathetu vā mā vā, pucchitakāle pana pañhaṃ kathessatīti. Ayameva ekantadhammakathiko nāma hoti. Idaṃ sandhāya satthā sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘sukathitaṃ moggallānenā’ti āha.

Abhidhammaṃ paṭibāhento imasmiṃ jinacakke pahāraṃ deti, sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭibāhati, satthu vesārajjaññāṇaṃ paṭinivatteti, sotukāmaṃ parisaṃ visaṃvādeti, ariyamagge āvaraṇaṃ bandhati, aṭṭhārasasu bhedakaravatthūsu ekasmiṃ sandissati ukkhepanīyakammatajjanīyakammāraho hoti. Taṃ taṃ kammaṃ katvā uyyojetabbo ‘gaccha vighāsādo hutvā jīvissasī’ti.

Athāpi evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘sace abhidhammo buddhabhāsito, yathā anekesu suttasahassesu ‘ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharatī’tiādinā nayena nidānaṃ sajjitaṃ, evamassāpi nidānaṃ sajjitaṃ bhaveyyā’’ti. So ‘jātakasuttanipātadhammapadādīnaṃ evarūpaṃ nidānaṃ natthi, na cetāni na buddhabhāsitānī’ti paṭikkhipitvā uttaripi evaṃ vattabbo – ‘paṇḍita, abhidhammo nāmesa sabbaññubuddhānaṃyeva visayo, na aññesaṃ visayo. Buddhānañhi okkanti pākaṭā, abhijāti pākaṭā, abhisambodhi pākaṭā, dhammacakkappavattanaṃ pākaṭaṃ. Yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ pākaṭaṃ, tidivakkamo pākaṭo, devaloke desitabhāvo pākaṭo, devorohanaṃ pākaṭaṃ. Yathā nāma cakkavattirañño hatthiratanaṃ vā assaratanaṃ vā thenetvā yānake yojetvā vicaraṇaṃ nāma aṭṭhānaṃ akāraṇaṃ; cakkaratanaṃ vā pana thenetvā palālasakaṭe olambitvā vicaraṇaṃ nāma aṭṭhānaṃ akāraṇaṃ; yojanappamāṇaṃ obhāsanasamatthaṃ maṇiratanaṃ vā pana kappāsapacchiyaṃ pakkhipitvā vaḷañjanaṃ nāma aṭṭhānaṃ akāraṇaṃ. Kasmā? Rājārahabhaṇḍatāya; evameva abhidhammo nāma na aññesaṃ visayo, sabbaññubuddhānaṃyeva visayo. Tesaṃ vasena desetabbadesanā. Buddhānañhi okkanti pākaṭā…pe… devorohanaṃ pākaṭaṃ. Abhidhammassa nidānakiccaṃ nāma natthi paṇḍitā’ti. Na hi sakkā evaṃ vutte paravādinā sahadhammikaṃ udāharaṇaṃ udāharituṃ.

Maṇḍalārāmavāsī tissabhūtitthero pana mahābodhinidāno esa abhidhammo nāmāti dassetuṃ ‘‘yena svāhaṃ, bhikkhave, vihārena paṭhamābhisambuddho viharāmi tassa padesena vihāsi’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.11) imaṃ padesavihārasuttantaṃ āharitvā kathesi. Dasavidho hi padeso nāma – khandhapadeso, āyatanapadeso, dhātupadeso, saccapadeso, indriyapadeso, paccayākārapadeso, satipaṭṭhānapadeso, jhānapadeso, nāmapadeso, dhammapadesoti. Tesu satthā mahābodhimaṇḍe pañcakkhandhe nippadesena paṭivijjhi, imaṃ temāsaṃ vedanākkhandhavaseneva vihāsi. Dvādasāyatanāni aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo nippadesena paṭivijjhi. Imaṃ temāsaṃ dhammāyatane vedanāvasena dhammadhātuyañca vedanāvaseneva vihāsi. Cattāri saccāni nippadesena paṭivijjhi, imaṃ temāsaṃ dukkhasacce vedanāvaseneva vihāsi. Bāvīsatindriyāni nippadesena paṭivijjhi, imaṃ temāsaṃ vedanāpañcakaindriyavasena vihāsi. Dvādasapadikaṃ paccayākāravaṭṭaṃ nippadesena paṭivijjhi, imaṃ temāsaṃ phassapaccayā vedanāvaseneva vihāsi. Cattāro satipaṭṭhāne nippadesena paṭivijjhi, imaṃ temāsaṃ vedanāsatipaṭṭhānavaseneva vihāsi. Cattāri jhānāni nippadesena paṭivijjhi, imaṃ temāsaṃ jhānaṅgesu vedanāvaseneva vihāsi. Nāmaṃ nippadesena paṭivijjhi, imaṃ temāsaṃ tattha vedanāvaseneva vihāsi. Dhamme nippadesena paṭivijjhi, imaṃ temāsaṃ vedanāttikavaseneva vihāsīti. Evaṃ thero padesavihārasuttantavasena abhidhammassa nidānaṃ kathesi.

Gāmavāsī sumanadevatthero pana heṭṭhālohapāsāde dhammaṃ parivattento ‘ayaṃ paravādī bāhā paggayha araññe kandanto viya, asakkhikaṃ aḍḍaṃ karonto viya ca, abhidhamme nidānassa atthibhāvampi na jānātī’ti vatvā nidānaṃ kathento evamāha – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā devesu viharati tāvatiṃsesu pāricchattakamūle paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ. Tatra kho bhagavā devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ abhidhammakathaṃ kathesi – ‘‘kusalā dhammā, akusalā dhammā, abyākatā dhammā’’ti.

Aññesu pana suttesu ekameva nidānaṃ. Abhidhamme dve nidānāni – adhigamanidānañca desanānidānañca. Tattha adhigamanidānaṃ dīpaṅkaradasabalato paṭṭhāya yāva mahābodhipallaṅkā veditabbaṃ. Desanānidānaṃ yāva dhammacakkappavattanā. Evaṃ ubhayanidānasampannassa panassa abhidhammassa nidānakosallatthaṃ idaṃ tāva pañhākammaṃ veditabbaṃ – ayaṃ abhidhammo nāma kena pabhāvito? Kattha paripācito? Kattha adhigato? Kadā adhigato? Kena adhigato? Kattha vicito? Kadā vicito? Kena vicito? Kattha desito? Kassatthāya desito? Kimatthaṃ desito? Kehi paṭiggahito? Ke sikkhanti? Ke sikkhitasikkhā? Ke dhārenti? Kassa vacanaṃ? Kenābhatoti?

Tatridaṃ vissajjanaṃ – kena pabhāvitoti bodhiabhinīhārasaddhāya pabhāvito. Kattha paripācitoti aḍḍhachakkesu jātakasatesu. Kattha adhigatoti bodhimūle. Kadā adhigatoti visākhāpuṇṇamāsiyaṃ. Kenādhigatoti sabbaññubuddhena. Kattha vicitoti bodhimaṇḍe. Kadā vicitoti ratanagharasattāhe. Kena vicitoti sabbaññubuddhena. Kattha desitoti devesu tāvatiṃsesu. Kassatthāya desitoti devatānaṃ. Kimatthaṃ desitoti caturoghaniddharaṇatthaṃ. Kehi paṭiggahitoti devehi. Ke sikkhantīti sekkhā ca puthujjanakalyāṇā ca. Ke sikkhitasikkhāti arahanto khīṇāsavā. Ke dhārentīti yesaṃ vattati te dhārenti. Kassa vacananti bhagavato vacanaṃ, arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Kenābhatoti ācariyaparamparāya.

Ayañhi sāriputtatthero bhaddaji sobhito piyajālī piyapālo piyadassī kosiyaputto siggavo sandeho moggaliputto sudatto dhammiyo dāsako soṇako revatoti evamādīhi yāva tatiyasaṅgītikālā ābhato. Tato uddhaṃ tesaṃyeva sissānusissehīti evaṃ tāva jambudīpatale ācariyaparamparāya ābhato. Imaṃ pana dīpaṃ –

Tato mahindo iṭṭiyo, uttiyo sambalo tathā;

Paṇḍito bhaddanāmo ca, ete nāgā mahāpaññā.

Imehi mahānāgehi ābhato. Tato uddhaṃ tesaṃyeva sissānusissasaṅkhātāya ācariyaparamparāya yāvajjatanakālā ābhato.